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1. 1. Parang Sabil is an example of what kind Parang Sabil is an example of what kind of narrative poetry? of narrative poetry? 2. 2. According to the story, how many Spanish According to the story, how many Spanish soldiers did Abdulla and Isara kill? soldiers did Abdulla and Isara kill? 3. 3. Where was Isara hit that caused her Where was Isara hit that caused her death? death? 4. 4. It is the bladed weapon Abdulla used to It is the bladed weapon Abdulla used to kill the lieutenant. kill the lieutenant. 5. 5. What animal was seen together with the What animal was seen together with the mother’s apparition? mother’s apparition? 6. 6. From whom did the panglima know about the From whom did the panglima know about the couple’s death? couple’s death? 7-8. Give two (2) unbelievable events that 7-8. Give two (2) unbelievable events that took place in the story? took place in the story? 9-10. Give the origin/etymology of the word 9-10. Give the origin/etymology of the word Tausug Tausug

Tausug Culture and Parang Sabil

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Page 1: Tausug Culture and Parang Sabil

1.1. Parang Sabil is an example of what kind of narrative Parang Sabil is an example of what kind of narrative poetry?poetry?

2.2. According to the story, how many Spanish soldiers did According to the story, how many Spanish soldiers did Abdulla and Isara kill?Abdulla and Isara kill?

3.3. Where was Isara hit that caused her death?Where was Isara hit that caused her death?

4.4. It is the bladed weapon Abdulla used to kill the It is the bladed weapon Abdulla used to kill the lieutenant.lieutenant.

5.5. What animal was seen together with the mother’s What animal was seen together with the mother’s apparition?apparition?

6.6. From whom did the panglima know about the couple’s From whom did the panglima know about the couple’s death?death?

7-8. Give two (2) unbelievable events that took place in the 7-8. Give two (2) unbelievable events that took place in the story?story?

9-10. Give the origin/etymology of the word Tausug9-10. Give the origin/etymology of the word Tausug

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1.1. Accordingly, how many tribes are there in the Accordingly, how many tribes are there in the Philippines?Philippines?

2.2. The word Parang Sabil is a combination of The word Parang Sabil is a combination of two foreign words perang and sabil. What are two foreign words perang and sabil. What are these two words mean?these two words mean?

3.3. It is the holy book of Islam.It is the holy book of Islam.

4.4. This group is a bona-fide organized warfare This group is a bona-fide organized warfare against Christians.against Christians.

5.5. It is the Tausug term for shame.It is the Tausug term for shame.

Quiz 4

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Parang SabilParang Sabil

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"Tausug""Tausug"

Derived from the wordsDerived from the words

tautau - "man" and - "man" and

sugsug - "current," - "current,"

= “people of the current”= “people of the current”

It refers to the majority Islamized It refers to the majority Islamized group in the Sulu archipelago, their group in the Sulu archipelago, their language, and culture. language, and culture.

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The Tausug follows standard Islamic beliefs The Tausug follows standard Islamic beliefs and practices. and practices.

Quran - considered by all Muslims as the Quran - considered by all Muslims as the words of Allah (God), revealed to the prophet words of Allah (God), revealed to the prophet Muhammad through archangel Gabriel, and as Muhammad through archangel Gabriel, and as the source of all Islamic Law, principles and the source of all Islamic Law, principles and values. values.

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Parang SabilParang Sabil

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It invariably tells the story of a Muslim hero or It invariably tells the story of a Muslim hero or ordinary individual who seeks an innocent death in ordinary individual who seeks an innocent death in the hands of a non-Muslim especially Christians the hands of a non-Muslim especially Christians (bisaya’ kapil from Arabic Kaffir, which means (bisaya’ kapil from Arabic Kaffir, which means infidel), in defense of Islam. infidel), in defense of Islam.

The term The term ParangParang may have been derived from: may have been derived from: Parang Parang which means to fight;which means to fight; ParangParang which means grass; which means grass; ParangParang which is the name of a small town in Jolo, Sulu. which is the name of a small town in Jolo, Sulu.

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Etymology of Parang SabilEtymology of Parang Sabil

The term derives from the Malay word The term derives from the Malay word

perangperang meaning meaning "war""war"

sabilsabil, from the Arabic , from the Arabic "fi sabil Allah” "fi sabil Allah” meaning meaning "in the path of God." "in the path of God."

Parang SabilParang Sabil – is a degenerated form of the – is a degenerated form of the Holy duty called Jihad, to defend Dar-al Islam Holy duty called Jihad, to defend Dar-al Islam (home of the Islam) against unbelievers, with (home of the Islam) against unbelievers, with promise of heavenly reward.promise of heavenly reward.

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Those who die in the struggle are pronounced Those who die in the struggle are pronounced shahid shahid (martyrs) (martyrs)

and automatically gain a place and automatically gain a place sulga sulga (heaven). (heaven).

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Failing to understand this religious dimension, Failing to understand this religious dimension, the Spaniards and the Americans have reduced the Spaniards and the Americans have reduced the concept into a psychological disorder, have the concept into a psychological disorder, have referred to thereferred to the shahid shahid as as juramentados juramentados and and amock,amock, respectively. respectively.

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http://www.zawaj.com/weddingways/tausag/tausag2.html

http://class.csueastbay.edu/http://class.csueastbay.edu/anthropologymuseum/virtmus/Philippines/anthropologymuseum/virtmus/Philippines/Peoples/Tausug.htmPeoples/Tausug.htm

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jihadhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jihad

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In its pure form, the jihad consisted of bona-In its pure form, the jihad consisted of bona-fide organized warfare against Christians. fide organized warfare against Christians. JuramentadoJuramentado was the degenerate form of jihad was the degenerate form of jihad evolved by the Sulu Moros. evolved by the Sulu Moros.

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ProcessesProcesses

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In the deep silence of early morning, fanatical In the deep silence of early morning, fanatical youths gathered to hear the Imams, or priests, youths gathered to hear the Imams, or priests, tell of the old days. tell of the old days.

The stories flamed these ambitious recruits to The stories flamed these ambitious recruits to martyrdom, and custom then necessitated a martyrdom, and custom then necessitated a solemn conference with their parents. After a solemn conference with their parents. After a family council, which usually granted family council, which usually granted permission for the youth to run permission for the youth to run juramentadojuramentado, , the youths were banded together with the the youths were banded together with the Sultan's permission to engage in a holy war. Sultan's permission to engage in a holy war.

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The candidates were then turned over to the The candidates were then turned over to the Imam for organization and instruction. Prayers Imam for organization and instruction. Prayers were offered and each candidate placed his were offered and each candidate placed his hand upon the Koran and repeated the hand upon the Koran and repeated the following:following:"Jumanji kami hatunan ing kami ini magsabil "Jumanji kami hatunan ing kami ini magsabil karna sing tuhan."karna sing tuhan." (We covenant with God (We covenant with God that we will wage this holy war, for it is of that we will wage this holy war, for it is of God.) God.)

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The body was then carefully washed, the teeth The body was then carefully washed, the teeth were cleaned and the nails cut and trimmed. were cleaned and the nails cut and trimmed. The family of the candidate shaved his The family of the candidate shaved his eyebrows so that they "looked like a moon two eyebrows so that they "looked like a moon two days old." The hair was cut short. The waist days old." The hair was cut short. The waist was supported by a tight band for was supported by a tight band for strengthening effect. strengthening effect.

A man so bound could remain oh his feet long A man so bound could remain oh his feet long after an ordinary man would succumb to after an ordinary man would succumb to wounds. wounds.

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The candidate was then clothed in a white robe The candidate was then clothed in a white robe called the called the jubbajubba and was crowned with a white and was crowned with a white turban. To the waist was attached an turban. To the waist was attached an antinganting--antinganting or a charm, to ward off the blows of the or a charm, to ward off the blows of the enemy. The genitals were bound tightly with enemy. The genitals were bound tightly with cords. cords.

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After beautifying and polishing his weapons, the After beautifying and polishing his weapons, the candidate was then ready to go forth to the holy candidate was then ready to go forth to the holy war. In the Moro dialect, these men were known war. In the Moro dialect, these men were known as as mag-sabilsmag-sabils, which means to endure the pangs , which means to endure the pangs of death. of death.

The Moro who decided upon The Moro who decided upon juramentadojuramentado took took the solemn oath (Napi), to prepare himself to the solemn oath (Napi), to prepare himself to pursue the Parang-sabil, or road to Paradise, pursue the Parang-sabil, or road to Paradise, with valor and devotion. The with valor and devotion. The juramentadojuramentado could could not be called insane but was under the influence not be called insane but was under the influence of a frenzied religious excitement.of a frenzied religious excitement.

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What does the Arabic word What does the Arabic word jihadjihad mean? mean?

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Jihad did have two variant meanings through Jihad did have two variant meanings through the centuries, one more radical, one less so. the centuries, one more radical, one less so.

The first holds that Muslims who interpret The first holds that Muslims who interpret their faith differently are infidels and therefore their faith differently are infidels and therefore legitimate targets of jihad. (This is why legitimate targets of jihad. (This is why Algerians, Egyptians and Afghans have found Algerians, Egyptians and Afghans have found themselves, like Americans and Israelis, so themselves, like Americans and Israelis, so often the victims of jihadist aggression.) often the victims of jihadist aggression.)

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The second meaning, associated with mystics, The second meaning, associated with mystics, rejects the definition of jihad as armed conflict rejects the definition of jihad as armed conflict and tells Muslims to withdraw from the and tells Muslims to withdraw from the worldly concerns to achieve spiritual depth. worldly concerns to achieve spiritual depth.

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Jihad in the sense of territorial expansion has Jihad in the sense of territorial expansion has always been a central aspect of Muslim life. always been a central aspect of Muslim life. That's how Muslims came to rule much of the That's how Muslims came to rule much of the Arabian Peninsula by the time of the Prophet Arabian Peninsula by the time of the Prophet Muhammad's death in 632. Muhammad's death in 632.

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Today, jihad is the world's foremost source of Today, jihad is the world's foremost source of terrorism, inspiring a worldwide campaign of terrorism, inspiring a worldwide campaign of violence by self-proclaimed jihadist groups: violence by self-proclaimed jihadist groups:

The International Islamic Front for the The International Islamic Front for the Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders:Jihad Against Jews and Crusaders: Osama Osama bin Laden's organization; bin Laden's organization;

Laskar Jihad:Laskar Jihad: responsible for the murder of responsible for the murder of more than 10,000 Christians in Indonesia; more than 10,000 Christians in Indonesia;

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Harakat ul-Jihad-i-Islami:Harakat ul-Jihad-i-Islami: a leading cause of a leading cause of violence in Kashmir; violence in Kashmir;

Palestinian Islamic Jihad:Palestinian Islamic Jihad: the most vicious the most vicious anti-Israel terrorist group of them all; anti-Israel terrorist group of them all;

Egyptian Islamic Jihad:Egyptian Islamic Jihad: killed Anwar El- killed Anwar El-Sadat in 1981, many others since, and Sadat in 1981, many others since, and

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Jihadists then enslaved tens of thousands of Jihadists then enslaved tens of thousands of females and children, forced them to convert females and children, forced them to convert to Islam, sent them on forced marches, beat to Islam, sent them on forced marches, beat them and set them to hard labor. The women them and set them to hard labor. The women and older girls also suffered ritual gang-rape, and older girls also suffered ritual gang-rape, genital mutilation and a life of sexual genital mutilation and a life of sexual servitude. servitude.

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Philippine Muslim (Tausug) MarriagesPhilippine Muslim (Tausug) Marriageson Jolo Islandon Jolo Island

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In Tausug society there is no regularly In Tausug society there is no regularly approved means by which a man can court a approved means by which a man can court a prospective bride; no sanctioned sequence of prospective bride; no sanctioned sequence of courtship events leading to marriage which courtship events leading to marriage which can be freely initiated by the couple can be freely initiated by the couple themselves. themselves.

A young man cannot - and in practice does not A young man cannot - and in practice does not - publicly confront an unmarried girl. His - publicly confront an unmarried girl. His knowledge of her must be indirect, based upon knowledge of her must be indirect, based upon reputation, parental background, and external reputation, parental background, and external appearance and demeanor. appearance and demeanor.

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Touching an unmarried woman (kublit-kublit) Touching an unmarried woman (kublit-kublit) is a finable offence at law, varying - in the is a finable offence at law, varying - in the typical game-like spirit in which Tausug typical game-like spirit in which Tausug approach these matters - with the time of the approach these matters - with the time of the day (the fine is higher at night) and the part of day (the fine is higher at night) and the part of the body touched the body touched

Mere touching the opposite sex is regarded as Mere touching the opposite sex is regarded as a prelude to sexual relations and is said to be a prelude to sexual relations and is said to be extremely erotic. extremely erotic.

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The separation of the sexes, especially the The separation of the sexes, especially the unmarried, is quite marked in Tausug society, unmarried, is quite marked in Tausug society, although the status of women is very high and although the status of women is very high and there is no seclusion of women. there is no seclusion of women.

The key concept in social relations between The key concept in social relations between men and women is shame (men and women is shame (sipugsipug), ),

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Tausug recognize three distinct transactions Tausug recognize three distinct transactions

leading to a legally binding marriage:leading to a legally binding marriage:

arranged marriage by negotiation arranged marriage by negotiation ((pagpangasawapagpangasawa))

marriage by abduction (marriage by abduction (pagsaggaupagsaggau),), and elopement (and elopement (pagdakuppagdakup) )

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Bride wealth Bride wealth

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Adjibun made the following demands as the Adjibun made the following demands as the bride wealth of his daughter: bride wealth of his daughter: 400 pesos to purchase gifts for the couple; 400 pesos to purchase gifts for the couple; 3 cows, 3 cows, 10 sacks of rice, 10 sacks of rice, 25 cartons of cigarettes, 25 cartons of cigarettes, 8 boxes of matches, 8 boxes of matches, and the services of 4 professional xylophone and the services of 4 professional xylophone

players and singers, to be used at the feast; players and singers, to be used at the feast; a water buffalo as payment for the rights in the a water buffalo as payment for the rights in the

children; children;

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a gold ring for the girl's mother; a gold ring for the girl's mother; 50 rounds of carbine ammunition for Adjibun; 50 rounds of carbine ammunition for Adjibun; 10 pesos for the guru who taught the girl to read 10 pesos for the guru who taught the girl to read

the Qur'an; the Qur'an; large frying pans for the girl's maternal aunt; large frying pans for the girl's maternal aunt; a tray of food with a 5 peso flag attached for the a tray of food with a 5 peso flag attached for the

girl's maternal grandmother; girl's maternal grandmother; a kris (sword) for Adjibuna kris (sword) for Adjibun

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a kris for the girl's uncle;a kris for the girl's uncle;

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Man with kalis (kris). While guns have replaced swords as practical weapons, bladed weapons still have importance as symbols of masculinity and bravery.

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and a flashlight for a friend of the father. and a flashlight for a friend of the father.

The making of sacred promises to God in this The making of sacred promises to God in this situations of stress is very common; if the situations of stress is very common; if the situation turns out satisfactorily, the promise situation turns out satisfactorily, the promise must be kept. must be kept.

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Although this amount was too high, Abdul had Although this amount was too high, Abdul had intimated to the headman that if refused he intimated to the headman that if refused he might very well abduct the girl anyway. The might very well abduct the girl anyway. The headman then prevailed upon Adjubun to headman then prevailed upon Adjubun to lower his demands. lower his demands.

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Bringing the bride wealth to the bride's house.

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Tausug groom in traditional dress.

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More "modern" dress for groom, showing Middle Eastern influence.

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Bride and groom after the ceremony. Whatever their private feelings, they are expected to look glum.

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http://www.zawaj.com/weddingways/tausag/http://www.zawaj.com/weddingways/tausag/tausag4.htmltausag4.html

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SHORT QUIZSHORT QUIZ

1.1. The Malay word The Malay word PerangPerang means what? means what?

2.2. Parang SabilParang Sabil is an epic of what ethnic group? is an epic of what ethnic group?

3.3. It is a bladed weapon that symbolizes It is a bladed weapon that symbolizes masculinity and bravery.masculinity and bravery.

4.4. It is an Arabic word which refers to holy war.It is an Arabic word which refers to holy war.

5.5. What is the Tausug term for shame?What is the Tausug term for shame?