Steering System

Prof. Nitin Malviya

(Associate Professor)Sagar Institute of Science & Technology,

Bhopal

Steering System

Steering is the collection of components, linkages, etc. which allows a vessel (ship, boat)

or vehicle to follow the desired path.

The most conventional steering arrangement is to turn the front wheelsusing a hand operated steering wheel which is positioned in front of the driver,

Functions of Steering System

•Control of front wheel (sometimes rear wheel) direction.

•Transmit road feel (slight steering wheel pull caused by the road surface)to the drivers hand.

•Maintain correct amount of effort needed to turn the wheels.

•Absorb most of the shock going to the steering wheel as the tire hits holesand bumps in the road.

•Allow for suspension action.

Steering LinkageBasic Steering Systems

Two main types of

steering: Linkage or Conventional type

(also known as Parallelogram).

Rack-and-pinion type.

Linkage Steering System

Linkage Steering System

Main Components of Linkage Steering System

1.Steering Wheel It is made up of steel ring welded with hub by two or three spokes.Covered with lather or plastic to provide firm grip. used by the driver to rotate a steering shaft that passes through the steering column.

Main Components of Linkage Steering System

2.Steering Column

It is a hallow steel pipe support steering wheel and shaft provide space for electric fittings and controls.

Main Components of Linkage Steering System

3.Steering Shaft

It is made by high quality steel. transfers turning motion from

the steering wheel to the steering gearbox.

Main Components of Linkage Steering System

4.Steering Gear Boxchanges turning motioninto a straight-line motion to the left or right.Steering gear box ratios range from 15:1 to 24:1 (with 15:1, the worm gear turns 15 times

to turn the selector shaft once).

.

Main Components of Linkage Steering System

4. Pitman arm/Drop arm

transfers gearbox motion to the steering linkage.

Pitman arm is splined to the gearbox.

Main Components of Linkage Steering System

5. Drag Link

The drag link connects the pitman arm to the steering arm, or in some applications it connects

to the tie rod assembly.

Main Components of Linkage Steering System

6. Tie RodTie rods are an integral part of your vehicle's steering. Just as its name suggests, a tie rod ties your vehicle's steering rack to

the steering arm.It’s a rod with a “ball and socket” at one end that connects to the steering arm

Main Components of Linkage Steering System

7. Knuckle ArmIt is part of steering linkage that connectsThe wheel hub or spindle to the steering links.

Steering Mechanism

Ackermann steering geometry

Steering Mechanism

Davis steering geometry

Steering Geometry

Camber Angle

Camber angle is the angle made by the wheels of a

vehicle; specifically, it is the angle between the vertical

axis of the wheels used for steering and the vertical axis

of the vehicle when viewed from the front or rear.

If the top of the wheel is farther out than the bottom

(that is, away from the axle), it is called positive

camber; if the bottom of the wheel is farther out than

the top, it is called negative camber.

Steering Geometry

Camber Angle

Steering Geometry

King Pin Inclination/Steering Axis Inclination

The kingpin inclination is the angle, measured in

degrees, that forms the line passing through the

kingpin and the perpendicular to the ground, looking

at the vehicle from the front,

Steering Geometry

King Pin Inclination/Steering Axis Inclination

Steering Axis Inclination (SAI) The angle formed by a

line drawn through the upper and lower pivot points

of the steering axis and a vertical line as viewed from

the front

Steering Geometry

Included Angle

Steering GeometryCaster Angle

When viewed from the side, the king pin is

tilted away from the vertical. This is to ensure

that the point of pivot of the wheel, and the

point of contact with the road are not the

same.

Steering GeometryCaster Angle

Steering GeometryCaster Angle

A castor effect on a wheel is when that wheel tends to

line itself up naturally in the straight ahead position, in

line with the force that is pushing it.

To move it away from the straight ahead position,

some force must be applied, and as soon as that

force is removed, the wheel moves back to the

straight ahead position.