Bureaucracy

BUREAUCRACY

GA POMBO

BUREAUCRACYis a type of organization designed to accomplish large-scale administrative tasks by systematically coordinating the work of many individuals.

Peter M. Blau Bureaucracy in Modern Society

BUREAUCRACY“is reflected in certain specific forms of organizational behavior: hierarchy, subdivision, specialization, fixed way of doing things, and professionalization.”

by Dimock,

BUREAUCRACY

GA POMBO

“It is a specific form of social organization for administrative purposes.”

Nigro and Nigro,

BUREAUCRACYSocorro S. Espiritu, a Filipino sociologist. Espiritu said that bureaucratic structures in institutions are not necessarily confined to political organizations. They tend to develop wherever it is necessary to coordinate the activities of many people. Bureaucracy offers both an efficient mechanism for reaching institutional goals and the danger of allowing the mechanism to appear more important than the service it is supposed to perform.6

BUREAUCRACY“Bureaucracy is the best form of the organization. As an organization, it substitutes a rule of law based on the whims of those who happen to govern.”

Maxx Weber’s point of view,

1. BASIC CONCEPTS OF BUREAUCRACY2. DEVELOPMENT OF BUREAUCRATIC ORGANIZATIONS3.CHARACTERISTICS OF BUREAUCRACY4.CHARACTERISTICS OF PHILIPIPPINE BUREAUCRACY5.PHILIPPINE BUREAUCRATIC BEHAVIOR

TO ATTAIN A CLEARER UNDERSTANDING OF THE NATURE OF BUREAUCRACY - JOSE LEVERIZA

1. BASIC CONCEPTS OF BUREAUCRACY

BUREAUCRACY is “ a specific form of social organization for administrative purposes”

BUREAUCRACY is reflected in certain specific forms of organizational behavior: hierarchy, subdivision, specialization, fixed ways of doing things, and personalization.

Marcial E. Dimock

BUREAUCRACY is “ that type of hierarchical organization which is designed rationally to coordinate the work of many individuals in pursuit of large-scale administrative tasks.”

Dalton E. McFarland

2.DEVELOPMENT OF BUREAUCRATIC ORGANIZATIONSA civilization must reach a certain degree of maturity before bureaucracies emerge to exert a significant influence on the life patterns of people in a society. The institutions in society must be differentiated in terms of the role they play. Differentiation takes place along functional lines;

for example, the separation of the economic functions from the family. In this sense, the family is no longer the locus of the production of goods and services. Instead, such activities are centralized in specialized institutions.

- William G. Scott and Terence R. Mitchell

2.DEVELOPMENT OF BUREAUCRATIC ORGANIZATIONSExperience tends universally to show that the purely bureaucratic type of administrative organization - that is, the monocratic variety point of view, capable of attaining the highest degree of efficiency and is in this sense formally the most rational known means of carrying out imperative control over human beings. It is superior to any other form in precision, in stability, in the stringency of its discipline, and in its reliability. It thus makes possible a particularly high degree of calculability of results for the heads of the organization and for those acting in relation to it. It is finally superior both in intensive efficiency and in the scope of its operations, and is formally capable of application to all kinds of administrative tasks.

-Max Weber

2.DEVELOPMENT OF BUREAUCRATIC ORGANIZATIONS

The development of the modern form of the organization of corporate groups in all fields is nothing less than identical with the development and continued spread bureaucratic administration. This is true of church and state, of armies, political parties, economic enterprises, organizations to promote all kinds of causes, private associations, clubs, and many others. The development is, to take the most striking case, the most crucial phenomenon of the modern Western state……The whole pattern of everyday life is cut to fit this framework. For bureaucratic administration is, other things being equal, always, from a formal, technical point of view, the most rational type. For the needs of mass administration today, it is completely indispensable. The choice is only that between bureaucracy and dilletantism in the field of administration.

-Max


The society as a whole must be in a position to supply the resources for support of bureaucratic organizations. As such, society is expected to underwrite bureaucratic activities. Theoretically, therefore, the bureaucracy has to pursue socially acceptable goals.

-Scott and Mitchell

3.CHARACTERISTICS OF BUREAUCRACY

1. Large and complex organization as measured by the number of people it employed;2. Majority of those employed were performing semi-skilled and unskilled works;3. Relatively simple product is produced.

3.CHARACTERISTICS OF BUREAUCRACY

1. Position and offices are clearly defined.2. The hierarchical arrangement of authority, rights, and obligations are specially drawn.3. The personnel are selected on basis of technical or professional qualifications.4. There are defined rules governing official behavior.5. Security of tenure and pursuit of a career with promotion in the hierarchy are assured.


The society as a whole must be in a position to supply the resources for support of bureaucratic organizations. As such, society is expected to underwrite bureaucratic activities. Theoretically, therefore, the bureaucracy has to pursue socially acceptable goals.

-Scott and Mitchell

4.CHARACTERISTICS OF PHILIPIPPINE BUREAUCRACY

IMPORTANT CHARACTERISTICS

1.Vulnerability to nepotism.2.Perpetuation of the spoils system.3.Apathetic public reaction to bureaucratic misconduct.4.Availability of external peaceful means of correcting bureaucratic weaknesses.5.Survival of historical experience.6.Non-special typing of bureaucrats.7.Lack of independence from politics.8.Essential instruments of social change.



1.Vulnerability to nepotism.. Underlying Philippine bureaucracy are substructures of small kinship groups. Members of family groups by consanguinity, by affinity, and by ritual kinship( or compadrazgo) give top priority to family loyalty. Within such groupings, all of them feel

that they are under obligation to help each other in a variety of ways.2.Perpetuation of the spoils system.3.Apathetic public reaction to bureaucratic misconduct.4.Availability of external peaceful means of correcting bureaucratic weaknesses.5.Survival of historical experience.6.Non-special typing of bureaucrats.7.Lack of independence from politics.8.Essential instruments of social change.






1.Vulnerability to nepotism.2.Perpetuation of the spoils system. The passage of the Civil Service Law(C.A. No. 177, as amended by R.A. No. 114) has set up, besides classified service, unclassified and temporary positions which have become convenient instruments for the practice of nepotism, of patronage, and of influence peddling.

3.Apathetic public reaction to bureaucratic misconduct.4.Availability of external peaceful means of correcting bureaucratic weaknesses.5.Survival of historical experience.6.Non-special typing of bureaucrats.7.Lack of independence from politics.8.Essential instruments of social change.






1.Vulnerability to nepotism.2.Perpetuation of the spoils system.3.Apathetic public reaction to bureaucratic misconduct. The almost daily publication of official misconduct become

a part of “normalcy” in the mid-1950’s. The people looked upon the phenomenon as a concomitant result of the increasing complexity of the government, a method pof political promises to the unemployed and underemployed segments of the population.

4.Availability of external peaceful means of correcting bureaucratic weaknesses.5.Survival of historical experience.6.Non-special typing of bureaucrats.7.Lack of independence from politics.8.Essential instruments of social change.






1.Vulnerability to nepotism.2.Perpetuation of the spoils system.3.Apathetic public reaction to bureaucratic

misconduct.4.Availability of external peaceful means of correcting bureaucratic weaknesses. Devices, such as constitutional rights and privileges-

freedom of speech, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly, civic action-have been used for rectifying the defects and misdeeds of bureaucracy.

5.Survival of historical experience.6.Non-special typing of bureaucrats.7.Lack of independence from politics.8.Essential instruments of social change.






5.Survival of historical experience. Centralized in organization, the Philippine political

bureaucracy was administered according to a civil law system which the Spanish bureaucracy prescribed. Filipinos have used the Spanish political bureaucracy as the scapegoat for all the weaknesses of the Philippine political bureaucracy. There are indications, however, that the weaknesses are not to be totally and directly attributed to the Spanish government bureaucracy.

6.Non-special typing of bureaucrats.7.Lack of independence from politics.8.Essential instruments of social change.






5.Survival of historical experience.6.Non-special typing of bureaucrats. Filipino bureaucrats do not comprise a clearcut social class. Other occupational groups do not look upon civil service “as a special calling reserved to a special class or groups of persons “ with specific habits, skills, motives, interests,prerogatives, values, and symbols to be consciously pursued,promoted, and protected, . . .respected or assailed.” Thus, Filipino bureaucratic organization consists of persons with varied family backgrounds, aspirations, educational training, and work experiences.

7.Lack of independence from politics.8.Essential instruments of social change.






5.Survival of historical experience.6.Non-special typing of bureaucrats.7.Lack of independence from politics. Because of the absence of “class consciousness” and of a feeling of unity on the part of the Filipino bureaucrats and the stigma of post-World War II ill-repute, the Philippine bureaucracy’s “merit system” was easily subject to attack and tampering by politicians. They worked through the legislative and executive branches of the national government.

8.Essential instruments of social change.






5.Survival of historical experience.6.Non-special typing of bureaucrats.7.Lack of independence from politics.8.Essential instruments of social change. In spite of its weaknesses, the Philippine bureaucracy’s function in nation-building will be as big, as complicated, and as demanding as the function of the whole society itself. Primarily, it will have to be a tool for innovations


SEVERAL ISSUES RISEN AS INSTRUMENT OF NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN THE TRANSFORMATION OF THE PHILIPPINE BUREAUCRACY.

1.Bureaucratic resistance to change.2.Socio-economic, political, cultural and ecological constraints to administrative change.3.Problems in the transfer of technology and adaption.

5.PHILIPPINE BUREAUCRATIC BEHAVIOR

TYPES OF BEHAVIOR OF THE PHILIPPINE BUREAUCRACY

1.Conformity to policies.2.Preference toward continuity and

routinization.3.Loss of self-direction or self-assertion.4.Politically supportive.

The behavior of human beings is largely influenced by the structure and function of the social organizations in which they live. -Cardero And Panibio

The Filipinos are status-oriented. Authority figures determine, to a large extent, the satisfaction or frustration of the Filipino’s aspiration for social acceptance, economic security, and social mobility.

Other characteristics of the Filipino bureaucrats, such as bahala na, saka na, awa(pity), amor propio (self-esteem), also greatly affected the Philippine bureaucratic behavior

Greed, laziness and ignorance are among the vices that have weakend the bureaucratic system. While the people afflicted with these vices constitute less than one percent of the entire civil service in the Philippines, they have tainted the vast majority of honest, selfless, and dedicated government workers.

bureaucracyStructurally, the government is a

bureaucracy has become the dominant form of organization in modern societies.

bureaucracyVery often, is used in a negative manner for its failure to produce the organizational results with adequate efficiency.

bureaucracy

The increasingly complex organization can be simplified by breaking down its component parts into simple manageable structures. As. A result, Weber’s was institutionalized.

bureaucracy

By simplifying its complex organizational structures, it is expected that a will attain its goals of efficiency, economy, and greater reliability in producing its outputs.

bureaucracy has strong as well as weak points. In some negative characteristics, it still is the only systematized method of carrying out the vital tasks of institutions. Moreover, there are possible solutions to the problems. Each of the solutions represents a distinct method of improving its personnel administration.

bureaucracyOver the years, the characteristics of Philippine has taken on nothing significant to create changes, inspite of the efforts of the government to reform it.

bureaucracyThe Philippine has its own types of behavior.

Thank you!

• “

If you are going to sin, sin against God, not the bureaucracy. God will forgive you but the bureaucracy won't.

”

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