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Challenges toSpanish Authority

Challenges toSpanish Authority

Treaty of Zaragoza

An imaginary line was drawnfrom north to south at 297 ½

leagues east of Moluccas.

West : Spain

East : Portugal

PortuguesePortuguese

General Gonzalo Pereirain 1566 & 1568 asked

Legazpi to leave.

DutchDutch

Holland send several expedition to the east and was able to

reached Manila

1597 – 1647: battles between the Spaniards & the Dutch

Early RevoltsEarly

Revolts

LakandulaLakandula

Date 1574Place Tondo, Navotas

Cause

Failure of Gov. Lavezares to fulfill

Legazpis’ promise to Lakandula

Result Failed(enter into an agreement)

TondoTondo

Date 1587Place Tondo

Cause Felling of hostility towards the colonizer

LeaderMagat Salamat, Agustin de Legazpi, Juan Banal & Pedro

Balingit

ResultFailed

(a spy reported to Spanish authorities about the their plan)

MagalatMagalat

Date 1596Place Cagayan

CauseAbuses of the Tribute

Collectors

ResultFailed

(Hired assassins killed the Magalat.)

LadiaLadia

Date 1643Place Malolos, Bulacan and

Southern Luzon

CauseWeariness from Spanish

oppressionLeader Pedro Ladia

Result Failed(leader was captured)

Pangasinan / Malong

Pangasinan / Malong

Date 1660- 1661Place Binalatongan,

Pangasinan

Cause Quarrel between Fr. Gorospe and Malong

Leader Andres Malong andPedro Gumpaos

Result Failed

Visayan/ SumuroyVisayan/ Sumuroy

Date 1649- 1650Place Eastern Visayas, Northern

Mindanao, Zamboanga

CauseCaused by Gov. Fajardo’s order to send Visayan laborers to Cavite

for shipbuilding

Leader

Juan Ponce Sumoroy andPedro Caamug

ResultFailed

(Leaders were captured and were beheaded.)

PampangaPampanga

Date 1585Place Pampanga

CauseAbuses of Spanish

Encomienderos

Result Failed(A woman betrayed the revolt. )

Cagayan- IlocosCagayan- Ilocos

Date 1589Place Cagayan, Ilocos Norte

CauseRefusal to pay tributes,

tyranny of tribute collectors

Result Failed(easily suppressed )

IgorotIgorot

Date 1601Place Northern Luzon

CauseDesire to maintain their

old religionResult Failed

CaragaCaraga

Date 1629- 1631

PlaceCaraga,

Northern Mindanao

CauseDissatisfaction of

townspeople to Spanish rule

Result Failed

SilangSilang

Date 1762- 1763Place Ilocos

CauseDesire to expel the Spaniards

from Ilocos

LeaderDiego silang and Gabriela

Silang

Result Failed(Diego was assasinated )

Hermano PuleHermano Pule

Date 1840- 1841Place Quezon Province

Cause

Being a native, Pule was denied to be admitted as a monk.He founded the religious

brotherhood, Confradia De San Jose

Leader Apolinario dela CruzResult Failed

Causes of Filipino Early RevoltsCauses of Filipino Early Revolts

Desire to regain the lost freedom of their ancestors (Political)

Religious intolerance of Spanish authorities (Religious)

Abuses of the Spaniards (Personal)

The hated tribute and oppressive forced labor

Loss of ancestral lands

Why all these revolts failed?Why all these revolts failed?

Absence of national leader

Lukewarm spirit of nationalism among Filipinos

Inadequate training and preparation for warfare

Resistance in the interior and Mountainous parts

Resistance in the interior and Mountainous parts

Fierce resistance of by“people of the mountains”

(taong bundok)

Process: expensive & frustrating for the Spaniards but also dangerous.

Moro Wars in the SouthMoro Wars in the South

Longest & bloodiest attempt by the Spaniards to colonize the Southern

Islands of Mindanao

It remained unconquered & unconverted until the end of Spanish

rule.

Chinese PresenceChinese Presence

Chinese is most constant & steady visitors of the country

Sangleys: “traders who came and went”

Chinese PresenceChinese Presence

“Parian”Chinese word palien

meaningunion or federation

Chinese PresenceChinese Presence

All sorts of taxes were imposed on Chinese

Abuses & oppression of the Chinese

Chinese PresenceChinese Presence

Chinese rebel in 1603

Tondo and Quiapo

It was easily suppressed

Eng Kang (leader) was beheaded

Chinese PresenceChinese Presence

Chinese had controlled the source of livelihood and daily needs of both

Spaniards and Filipino

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Changes & Improvement

Changes & Improvement

Changes in Filipino NamesChanges in Filipino Names

Pre colonial:• no surname• names was taken from physical appearance or natural event

“Si” is not part of the name

Changes in Filipino NamesChanges in Filipino Names

Spanish:• Spanish names• names of saints

Govenor General Narciso Claveria (1849)

Allowed the change of Filipino names

IntermarriageIntermarriage

Generally is not allowed betweena native & a spaniard

Changes in clothesChanges in clothes

Geographical Identity

Geographical Identity

Spanish LanguageSpanish Language

Adoption of several Spanish language

Material and Social Advancement

Material and Social AdvancementRise of Banks

Obras Pias– earliest banks in the Philippines

which gave loan to merchants

Rodriguez Bank– the first Filipino bank established in Manila by Francisco Rodriguez

Banco Español- Filipino– first government bank in the

Philippines founded by Antonio de Urbiztondo

Material and Social Advancement

Material and Social Advancement

Communication & Transportation

Introduction and Inauguration of 1st monthly mail service (1854)

& 1st telegraph (1873)

Material and Social Advancement

Material and Social Advancement

First railroad (1891): Manila-Dagupan Railway

Religious and Educational Progress

Religious and Educational Progress

Apostolic Missionaries

Franciscans1577

Jesuits1587

Dominicans 1587

First Schools in the PhilippinesFirst Schools in the Philippines

Parochial Schools:the first school founded

by the missionaries in the 16th century

First Schools in the PhilippinesFirst Schools in the Philippines

Colleges for Boys Founded by the Jesuits

– Colegio de San Ignacio (1589)- Colegio de San Idelfonso (1595)- Colegio de San Jose (1601)

First Schools in the PhilippinesFirst Schools in the Philippines

Colleges for Boys Founded by Dominicans

– Colegio de Santissimo Rosario (Santo Tomas) (1611)- Colegio de San Juan de Letran

(1620)

First Schools in the PhilippinesFirst Schools in the Philippines

Colleges for Girls

- Colegio de Santa Potenciana (1594)

- Colegio de Santa Isabel

Printing PressPrinting Press

Xylography:Woodblock printing

Typography: Movable type

UST history