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Erosion New

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EROSION:•TRANSPORT OF SEDIMENTS

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AND DEPOSITIN

G THEM

ELSEWHERE

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EROSION IS DRIVEN BY THE FORCE OF

EROSION IS DRIVEN BY THE FORCE OF

GRAVITY

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THE AGENTS OF EROSION ARE:

RUNNING WATERWINDMOVING ICE (GLACIERS)

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Each Agent of Erosion Produces

it’s Own Characteristic

shape and Texture in the

Sediment :

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ROUNDS ANDSMOOTHESTHE ROCK SURFACEALSO MAKES ITSMALLER

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WIND BLOWN SEDIMENTSFROST AND PIT THE ROCKSURFACE

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SMALL SEDIMENTS IN THE GLACIER POLISHES & SMOOTHES THE ROCK SURFACE

LARGE SEDIMENTS SCRATCH AND STRIATE THE ROCK SURFACE

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FALLEN ROCKS ARESHARP &ANGULAR

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RUNNING WATER

The primary agent of erosion is:

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Colorado River

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Grand Canyon

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Niagra Falls

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EROSION BY WATER:

PARTICLES ARE CARRIED IN SEVERAL WAYS DEPENDING ON THEIR

SIZE

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THREE ways

streams transport sediment:

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SEDIMENTS IN SOLUTION:

DISSOLVED IONS

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examples :

•Salt•calcite

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Dissolved ions in solution

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SEDIMENTS IN SUSPENSION:

COLLOIDS

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Can you think of examples :

•SILT•CLAY

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SEDIMENTS ROLLED AND

BOUNCED: LARGE SEDIMENTS dragged along the bottom

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VELOCITY OF A STREAM

DEPENDS ON:SLOPE (GRADIENT) AND

DISCHARGE•volume of water

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Water movesfaster on the

outside ofa bendEROSION

Water movesslower on the

inside ofa bendDEPOSITION

LABEL YOUR DIAGRAM

(EROSION) & (DEPOSITION)

EROSION

DEPOSITION

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Erosion occurs

at points

Depsosition occurs

at points

B & E

A & F

A B

C

D

FE

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B

C D

E F

Maximum erosion

occurs where there

is maximum

_____________

On a straight path

the maximum velocity is in the ___________

below the ____________

centersurface

velocity

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EROSION OCCURS AT THE OUTSIDE

DEPOSITION OCCURS AT THE INSIDE

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THE MOVEMENTOF THE WATERCAN EVENTUALLYFORM ANOXBOW LAKE

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SEDIMENTS LEFT BEHIND BY

STREAMS AND WIND ARE ________ SORTED

dropped off in size order

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CALCULATE THE MINIMUM VELOCITY

OF A STREAM NEEDED TO CARRY

A PEBBLE:

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(SEE REF. TABLE PAGE 6)

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APPROXIMATELY 50 CM/SEC

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WHAT IS THE MINIMUM VELOCITY NEEDED TO CARRY A BOULDER? 200 CM/SEC

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SORTING

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WIND:

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EROSION BY WIND OCCURS PRIMARILY

IN:

•DRY CLIMATES

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The particles transported (eroded) by

wind are_________Sorted

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Severe draughts in the mid-west during the 1920’s and 30’s caused this area to be known as the “Dust bowl”

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Glacial Erosion:•When more snow in winter accumulates than _______ in the summer the snow at the bottom turns to _________.

meltsice

gravity

advance

•If it becomes thick enough, it’s weight will cause it to move under the pull of___________.

•This is called a glacial _________

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1.Glaciers create U- shaped valleys

Characteristics of Glacial Erosion:

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escarpment

U-shaped valley

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Advancing glacier

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Retreating glacier

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Long Island Sound

South Shore

North Shore

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2. Sediments left behind by glaciers are

STRIATIONS SHOW THE DIRECTION OF MOVEMENT OF THE GLACIER

polished& striated (scratched)

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3. SEDIMENTS LEFT BEHIND BY

GLACIERS ARE:

UNSORTED

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Advancing glacier

MORE SNOW FALLS THAN MELTS

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Retreating glacierICE BEGINS TOMELTDUE TO CLIMATE CHANGE

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Terminal end of advancing glacier

Latest advance

Melt-water carrying sortedSediment toward the ocean

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THE SOUTH SHORE OF LONG ISLAND

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F

FOUND ON THE NORTH SHOREOF LONG ISLAND

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FASTEST VELOCITYIS AT THE CENTEROF THE VALLEY

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Some glacial features include:

escarpment

U-shaped valley

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drumlins

outwash plain

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• Some Glacial Features include:• U-shaped valleys

• Moraines: unsorted sediments

• Drumlins: elongated moraines

• kettle lakes: round glacial lake

• finger lakes: elongated glacial lake

• outwash plains: deposited by melt-water streams

• Erratic: large rock

deposited by a glacier

• Escarpment: steep cliff

• Horn: sharp peakDrumlins

outwash plain

Kettle lakes

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River erosion: notice the V-shaped valleys and meanders (bending)

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Valley glacier eroding a U-shape

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Glacial features left behind

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Glaciers / Rivers

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A B

C

A B

C

Match the cross sectionsbelow with the lines onthe stream

A B C