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Moldova ICT Summit, 2011 From Knowledge economy to Inclusive Information Society …Experiences from Indian journey Vikas Kanungo, Chairman – The Society for Promotion of e-Governance, India [email protected]

From Knowledge Economy to Inclusive Information Society. Experiences from Indian Journey

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Page 1: From Knowledge Economy to Inclusive Information Society. Experiences from Indian Journey

Moldova ICT Summit, 2011

From Knowledge economy to Inclusive Information Society …Experiences from Indian journey

Vikas Kanungo, Chairman – The Society for Promotion of e-Governance, India

[email protected]

Page 2: From Knowledge Economy to Inclusive Information Society. Experiences from Indian Journey

Moldova ICT Summit, 2011

India – A brief snap Shot

2

638,000 Villages

6000 Blocks

610 Districts 1.2 billion people

Diverse Languages, Cultures, Religions

2,40,000 Local Govt. Institutions

35 States, UTs

ICT Sector Facts

787.23 million Mobile Subscribers at the end of Dec. 2010, more than 800 million today. The overall Tele-density in India reached 66.16 Urban tele-density at 147.88 and rural at 33% at December 2010. 18.69 million Internet subscribers at the end of Dec-10. Top 10 ISPs together hold 95% of the total Internet subscriber base. 10.99 million broadband subscribers at the end of Dec-10 (Source: www.trai.gov.in)

Page 3: From Knowledge Economy to Inclusive Information Society. Experiences from Indian Journey

Moldova ICT Summit, 2011

Getting the basics right…….

Democracy – Government under people, not over them

Mission of e-Government projects – empowering the citizens , not controlling them

Use of Information technologies and new media - to enable participation in policy making (e-participation), not for converting monolithic government services to electronic format ( From big state to enabling state)

Partnership Models – MSP not PPP

© Vikas Kanungo, 2011, All Rights Reserved

Page 4: From Knowledge Economy to Inclusive Information Society. Experiences from Indian Journey

Moldova ICT Summit, 2011

Government/e-Government ?

Major Policy Goals for Government / e-Government 1. The search for savings: dynamic, productivity-driven and value for

money concept and set of institutions (‘more for less’) Citizen as a Tax Payer

2. The search for quality services: inter-active, user-centred, individualisable, inclusive services, maximising fulfilment and security Citizen as a consumer of services

3. The search for good governance: open, transparent, accountable, flexible, democratic Citizen as a voter

© Vikas Kanungo, 2011, All Rights Reserved

Page 5: From Knowledge Economy to Inclusive Information Society. Experiences from Indian Journey

Moldova ICT Summit, 2011

e-Government Actors

Private sector

organisationsNGOs

Cost-efficiency

and effectiveness

The public:

Citizen and consumerDiversity of needs

Empowerment

BusinessesReduce transaction cost

Competitiveness

Governments

CSOs

Intermediaries & Mediators

UnionsCitizens Public Service

Providers

Creation of

knowledge

based

public value

Final users

© Vikas Kanungo, 2011, All Rights Reserved

Page 6: From Knowledge Economy to Inclusive Information Society. Experiences from Indian Journey

Moldova ICT Summit, 2011

Major Strategic Areas in e-Government

Government process re-engineering

Meeting user needs and expectations

Managing change and human resources

Technology Deployment

Socio-economic drivers of change

Service delivery

Access for all

Institutional and legal structures

e-Governance and e-Democracy

© Vikas Kanungo, 2011, All Rights Reserved

Page 7: From Knowledge Economy to Inclusive Information Society. Experiences from Indian Journey

Moldova ICT Summit, 2011

National e-Governance Plan (NeGP) – An Overview

Vision “Make all Government services accessible to the common man in his locality, through common service delivery outlets and ensure efficiency, transparency & reliability of such services at affordable costs to realise the basic needs of the common man.”

638,000 Villages

6000 Blocks

610 Districts

© Vikas Kanungo, 2011, All Rights Reserved

Strategy to Realize NeGP Vision Centralized Initiative, Decentralized Implementation Focus on Services & Service levels Ownership and Central Role of Line Ministries/State Governments Emphasis on Public Private Partnerships (PPP)

1.2 billion people

Diverse Languages, Cultures, Religions

2,40,000 Local Govt. Institutions

35 States, UTs

Page 8: From Knowledge Economy to Inclusive Information Society. Experiences from Indian Journey

Moldova ICT Summit, 2011

National e-Governance Plan – Key Mission Mode Projects (MMPs

Projects (27) Core & Infra

Projects

Central(9) Integrated

( 7) State (11)

•Income Tax

• Central Excise

• Passports/Visa

• Immigration

• MCA 21

• Unique ID (UID)

• Pensions

• e-Office

Industry Initiative • Banking • Insurance

• Agriculture

• Land Records - I & II

(NLRMP)

• Transport

• Treasuries

• Commercial Taxes

• Gram Panchayat

• Municipalities

• Police

• Employment Exchange

• e-District

• e-BIZ

• EDI

• India Portal

• Common

Service Centres

• NSDG

• e-Courts

• e-Procurement

CSC

SWAN SDC

SSDG

Page 9: From Knowledge Economy to Inclusive Information Society. Experiences from Indian Journey

Moldova ICT Summit, 2011

Issues for E Government Projects

Traditional Contracting has challenges

Low Accountability & Commitment of Contractor

Huge Risk for Government

No Incentive for improvement

Technological intensiveness and obsolescence

Strategic control of Government

Interoperability of solutions

Change management and Business Process Re-engineering

Sustainability of the solution

Exit management

Page 10: From Knowledge Economy to Inclusive Information Society. Experiences from Indian Journey

Moldova ICT Summit, 2011

PPP Models

Passive Private

Investment Govt

Bonds

Traditional Public

Contracting Design Build

Joint Ventures Co-ownership

Co-responsibility

Service Contract

Operate and maintain

Lease

Build, Operate and

Invest BOT

Concession

Passive Public Investment Equity, Debt Guarantees

Grants

Agreeing framework Regulatory Dialogue

Convenants

Fully Public Sector

Fully Private Sector

For-profit Non-profit

Building awareness

Public Private Investment Responsibility

Provider Enabler & Regulator Government Role

Page 11: From Knowledge Economy to Inclusive Information Society. Experiences from Indian Journey

Moldova ICT Summit, 2011

Types of PPPs

Management Contracts Management Contract Management Contract (with rehabilitation/ expansion )

Lease Contracts Lease Build Lease Transfer (BLT) or Build-Own-Lease-Transfer (BOLT) Build-Transfer-Lease (BTL)

Concessions Build-Operate-Transfer Contracts

Design-build-operate (DBO) Build-operate-transfer (BOT)/ Design-Build-Finance-Operate-Transfer

(DBFOT) Build-operate-transfer (BOT) Annuity

Build-own-operate Transfer (BOOT) Contracts Build-own-operate-transfer (BOOT) or DBOOT Build-own-operate (BOO)

Page 12: From Knowledge Economy to Inclusive Information Society. Experiences from Indian Journey

Case Study – e Procurement

Page 13: From Knowledge Economy to Inclusive Information Society. Experiences from Indian Journey

Moldova ICT Summit, 2011

Public Procurement in an Indian state - Background

Procurement worth $ 2 billion per year in AP

Discrimination and delays in tenders

Cartels to suppress competition

Physical threats to suppliers

Tampering of bids

Human touch points throughout the cycle

Lack of transparency

Delays in Tender evaluation and contract award

“Of government projects that fail, more than 50 per cent of those failures are ensured during the procurement process and leadership need to recognize they can and must do something about the problem.” John Kost, Managing Vice President, Gartner Research

Page 14: From Knowledge Economy to Inclusive Information Society. Experiences from Indian Journey

Moldova ICT Summit, 2011

E Procurement Project Objectives Case Study

e Procurement

Economies of scale through consolidated purchases

Reduced cost of doing business for Government

Level playing field and “fair” competitive platform for the suppliers

Curtail the Procurement Life Cycle for increased Transparency

Suppliers only need to maintain “Single Point of Contact with multiple Buyers”

Availability of sufficient Data to carry out micro-level spending analysis

Efficient Monitoring and controlling of end to end Procurement Cycle

Self-sustaining initiative … not necessarily a profit making business

Page 15: From Knowledge Economy to Inclusive Information Society. Experiences from Indian Journey

Moldova ICT Summit, 2011

Financial Model Case Study

e Procurement

The PPP model is of the Built Owned and Operate (BOO) type.

The private operator invested on Solution, Technology and Infrastructure.

Government shared the tender fees collected from the bidders with the operator.

Incentives for Usage

Pilot Phase : Cost to government with ‘No Cost’ to Bidders

Rollout Phase : Cost to Bidders with ‘No Cost’ to government departments

Ensured easy acceptance from Bidders in the early stage

Speedy roll out across government departments in the later stage

Page 16: From Knowledge Economy to Inclusive Information Society. Experiences from Indian Journey

Moldova ICT Summit, 2011

Benefits Realized Case Study

e Procurement

Within 30 months, users included

8 Government departments

13 Public sector Units

51 Municipalities

5 Universities

Reduction in Tender Cycle Time

From 90-135 days to 35 days

Instant access to all tenders

Increased Transparency

Cost Savings

Page 17: From Knowledge Economy to Inclusive Information Society. Experiences from Indian Journey

Moldova ICT Summit, 2011

Critical Success Factors Case Study

e Procurement

Presence of strong Political and Bureaucratic Leadership

Effective Training and Change Management plan

Training of users was very effective

Nurturing CIOs as Change Agents and Project Champions helped

Public Private Partnership was helpful in

Scaling up the transactions during roll out

Private partner had resources to meet the challenge.

Sound Business Model for Pilot and Rollout Phases

Dedicated project teams from both the service provider and the Government

24X7 help desk, strong security features and MIS

Page 18: From Knowledge Economy to Inclusive Information Society. Experiences from Indian Journey

Moldova ICT Summit, 2011

Case Study: MP Online

Project Highlights Project Objective To provide one-stop shop services to all the

citizens of MP, any service, anywhere, and

any time

•A Joint Venture of GoMP (11%) & TCS

(89%)

•No investment in infrastructure

•No IT trained manpower deployed by Govt

•No cost to any Govt Department

•Reduction in number of interfaceds( G2C)

•Integration with CSCs

Current Status 1. Project is in operation mode

2. MP Online Kiosk Network – 7113

3. More than 5.8 million transactions

Achievement from the initiatives 1. 24 x 7 service availability

2. Increased transparency

3. Reduction in costs incurred by the

departments

Challenges and Issues faced

1. Connectivity in Rural Areas

2. Change Management of the ecosystem

Page 19: From Knowledge Economy to Inclusive Information Society. Experiences from Indian Journey

Moldova ICT Summit, 2011

MP Online

PAYMENT OPTIONS

SERVICES ACCESSED DIRECTLY BY THE CITIZEN

• Using a Credit Card – Visa or Master card • Using a Debit Card – Visa Debit or Maestro Card • Using Net banking – State Bank of India, Axis Bank, State Bank of Indore • Using pay-in slips – Axis Bank, State Bank of India

SERVICES ACCESSED VIA A KIOSK

• Using Cash

FOR KIOSK TOP-UPS

• Using Cash • Self top-up – State Bank of India, State bank of Indore, Axis Bank, Union Bank of India

Page 20: From Knowledge Economy to Inclusive Information Society. Experiences from Indian Journey

Moldova ICT Summit, 2011

PPP – The Fundamentals PPP

Snapshot

PPPs are concerned with Services, not assets

The government does not need to own infrastructure to deliver services

PPPs are a procurement option, not a novel method of developing public infrastructure

PPP policy sits alongside other procurement methods – i.e. conventional, outsourcing, leasing etc.

Suitable to some public projects, not all projects

PPPs are not “new money”

Service outputs must be paid for, whether directly (e.g. service usage) or by appropriation

Must therefore be affordable – either to users (service users) or to the Budget

Unlike privatization, PPPs usually involve the provision of new infrastructure

PPP – The Lessons

Page 21: From Knowledge Economy to Inclusive Information Society. Experiences from Indian Journey

Moldova ICT Summit, 2011

PPP – The Lessons

Sharing of risk

Private party bears significant financial, technical and operating risk

Promise of a sustained service

Capital investment and capacity building

Significant private capital deployed for citizen services or use of already developed capabilities

Building capacities for servicing at a faster pace

Joint ownership

Well defined roles and responsibilities

Clarity in ownerships and other terms

Full control by Government over Key data

Strategic Control of Government

Can not be outsourced

Page 22: From Knowledge Economy to Inclusive Information Society. Experiences from Indian Journey

Moldova ICT Summit, 2011

Implementing e-Government in Moldova – key pointers from Indian Experiences

There needs to be a transformation of government to prioritise the production and distribution of public goods (‘content’) rather than public administration (‘control’), with a re-vitalised public service ethic and high skill, high value staff Down-sizing and centralisation of the back office (control), even up to national and international levels: Open technical platforms, interoperability, standardisation, comprehensive security systems, integrated processes, shared databases, economies of scale and scope, based on KM principles, CRM -- middle office, shared service centres Up-sizing and de-centralisation of the front office (content) to provide high quality, simple, localised, personalised, services: grounded in local situations, responding to the large variety of individual needs of both users and government, and respecting and promoting democracy at all (R)e-balancing -- freeing up and redeploying resources Let the technology do what it does best -- let people do what they do best….

© Vikas Kanungo, 2011, All Rights Reserved

Page 23: From Knowledge Economy to Inclusive Information Society. Experiences from Indian Journey

Moldova ICT Summit, 2011

Moving Forward – Foresight for next generation Public Services Focus on what citizens and business really want, rather than the machinations of existing government structures and systems Focus on using new technology as a tool to support services and governance, i.e. enable people to do what they do best (e.g. provide “warm” human services) and enable technology to do what it does best (e.g. provide effective and efficient data, information and communication systems) Develop and re-vitalise the existing public service ethic into one suitable for the information society and knowledge economy. This would include recognising that government can learn from business, and vice versa, but that there is a unique Indian way to e-government which combines both economic efficiency as well as social cohesion and access for all. What we think of as e-government today will become (just) government within ten years – i.e. all of government will use and become “e”. In the same way that “e-business” is migrating to “k-business”, so “e-government” will migrate to “k-government” in the sense that the technology will become unremarkably ubiquitous (the norm) and intelligent services will be provided by intelligent government Develop “me”-government, i.e. personalised, intelligent government, based on knowledge management, artificial intelligence and ubiquitous, ambient technology. Anytime, anywhere, any service, on the user’s own terms.

© Vikas Kanungo, 2011, All Rights Reserved

Page 24: From Knowledge Economy to Inclusive Information Society. Experiences from Indian Journey

Moldova ICT Summit, 2011

Transformation through e-Government – A roadmap for Moldova

Bureaucratic government

No measurement of results. Rewards based on other

factors: * longevity * size of budget * level of authority * who you know Employees protect their jobs

and empires pursuing larger budgets, more staff and greater power.

Process re-engineering

‘Best practice’ government

Based on benchmarks, measurement, comparison against the ideal:

* ROI * league tables * do more with less * lean government * business models Employees subject to efficiency

and ‘transparency’ initiatives, performance measurement, etc.

Immediate Focus over next 5

years??

Mindset & cultural

re-engineering

Networked, learning government

Based on appropriate balance between top-down and bottom-up

* networked and local * ‘joined-up’ * ‘learning practice’ * knowledge management * flexible and responsive * focus on public value * focus on supporting social

and economic development * focus on intelligent content

(rather than control) * personalised Employees most valuable

asset, supported by ICT and knowledge tools.

Foresight for Vision 2020???

© Vikas Kanungo, 2011, All Rights Reserved

Page 25: From Knowledge Economy to Inclusive Information Society. Experiences from Indian Journey

Moldova ICT Summit, 2011

www.mgovworld.org – Global Observatory and knowledge portal on Mobile Governance

Thank You . [email protected]

© Vikas Kanungo, 2011, All Rights Reserved