Industrial Revolution,Arts and Crafts,Victorian era.

By: Lesley, Hubert and Gillian

Time frame• industrial revolution 1750 -1850

• arts and crafts 1860 to 1910

• victorian era 1837 to 1901

Geography• industrial revolution, it began in the united kingdom ( 1865 – 1913 us

worlds leading industrial nation)• arts and crafts movement, developed first and mostly in the british isles• victorian era, began in britain

Industrial revolution...

Rise in industrial production

growth

Movement of mechanisation of lawsuit of work

Gen

eral

izat

io

n of

the

use

of e

nerg

y

sour

ceSteam engine and many other technolo--gical advances

Homes and small

factories turned into

large industries

“the world turned black”

1850 Britain gone from

small country in Europe to

major world power

LAISSEZ FAIR

society• society• Before the Industrial Revolution all work was done by hand, and

now it is mainly done by machines. Also when the industrial revolution came, the style of livinng for everyone changed creating other classes other than 'Rich' and 'Poor' hence the 'Middle class' which the majority of the English and American population is.

• Before the industrial revolution 80% of people earned income from the land. 4/5ths of the population lived in rural areas, leasing land from aristocrats and the wealthy and farming agriculture. Families would produce mainly what they needed to survive. IR brought about social, economical and cultural changes.

Agricultural revolution

• Enclosure movement (no more open-fiend)• Experimental phase

Jethro Tull(1674 – 1741)

• Seed Drill

• Horse Shoe

Demographic revolution

Social impact•Urbanization and over crowding

• Lack of sanitation

• Cities Poluted

•Disease

• Homeless

• Religious tension

Child Labour

economy

• industrial revolution,• the basic income during the period increased ten times and

the population increase 6 times in the two centuaries that followed the 1800s.

• "For the first time in history, the living standards of the masses of ordinary people have begun to undergo sustained growth ... Nothing remotely like this economic behavior has happened before". Robert E. Lucas, Jr, nobel prise winner.

• a transition in parts of great britains previosuly manual labour and animal based economy towards mine based manufacturing, in the later part of the 18th century.

Sectors of economy that grew dramatically during this period and had significant technological advances:

• Textile Industry

• Introduction of steam power

• Iron and steel

• Railway

• Coal mining

Inventions ...Steam Engine

• Thoman Newcomen (1663 – 1729)

• James Watt(1736 - 1800)

VS

James Watt's Improved Steam Engine James Watt was sent a Newcomen steam engine to repair that led him to invented improvements for steam engines.

... More inventions• 1712 Illustration of Thomas Newcomen's

Steam Engine• In 1712, Thomas Newcomen together with

John Calley built their first steam engine.

Flying Shuttle, Automation of Textile Making & The Industrial Revolution

Increased Yarn and Thread Production During Industrial Revolution The spinning jenny used eight spindles of instead of the one found on spinning wheels.In 1764, a British carpenter and weaver named James Hargreaves invented an improved spinning jenny,

Spinning Frame or Water FrameRichard Arkwright patented the spinning frame or water frame that could produce stronger threads for yarns

Spinning Mule Increased Variety in Threads and yarn

In 1779, Samuel Crompton invented the spinning mule that combined the moving carriage of the spinning jenny with the rollers of the water framePower Loom's Effect on the Women of the Industrial RevolutionThe power loom was a steam-powered, mechanically-operated version of a regular loom. A loom is a device that combined threads to make cloth.

Practical Sewing Machines & Ready Made ClothingAfter the sewing machine was invented, the ready-made clothing industry took off. Before sewing machines, nearly all clothing was local and hand-sewn.

• The telegraph was invented in 1848•Laying of the 1st ocean cable in 1864

transport

The introduction to Arts and Craft movement

• REBELLION against age of mass production• Return to TRADITIONAL craft methods and

‘romantic forms of decor’• Products manufactured by individuals and

small groups• “ATTACKING INDUSTRIAL AGE”• Floral, wavy, leaf-like designs• Believed IR made man less creative

William Morris• “ Have nothing in your house that you do not

know to be useful or believe to be beautiful”

architecture• 1860-1941 serveral • Jacobethan(1830-1870)• The mixed national Renaissance Revivals style that was made

popular in England form the late 1820.• .Elisabethan (Gothic)• .Jacobean(Classic)

• Renaissance Revival (1840-1890).

• Neo-Grec (1845-1865).

• Romanesque revival

•Second Empire

ART• 1750 – 1820 Neoclassicism

• 1800 – 1850 Romanticism

• 1845 – 1900 Realism

• 1850 – 1900 Pre- Raphaelite

food

Clothing

1810 189 1885 1890 1902

jewelleryIndustrial revolution

1714 – 1837 GEORGIAN JEWELLERY

1837 – 1855 EARLY VICTORIAN , ROMANTIC JEWELLERY

1865 – 1880 MID VICTORIAN, GRAND JEWELLERY

1885 – 1900 LATE VICTORIAN , AESTHETIC JEWELLERY

Arts and craft jewellery

Typically Victorian jewellery

The Jewelry industry benefited from mass production techniques. Machines were developed to make stamping whole pieces of jewelry from thin sheets of metal. •First applied commercially in the 1840’s, electroplating for jewelry was introduced.•With the introduction of faux stones (paste) and mass production making jewelry that imitated the pieces worn by the wealthy, people of all classes were now able to afford jewelry.•Queen Victoria loved jewelry and this harkened in the age of sentiment. •She brought the Cameo back in style as well as romantic jewelry, containing a lock of a loved ones hair. It was not considered unnatural for Victoria to wear a bracelet made from her children’s baby teeth.

• Meggs’ history of graphic design , fourth edition• http://industrialrevolution.sea.ca/innovations.html• http://www.google.co.za/search?

q=demographic+chart+of+the+industrial+revolution+in+england&hl=en&psj=1&bav=on.2%2Cor.r_gc.r_pw.r_qf.&biw=1280&bih=605&wrapid=tlif134495371909810&um=1&tbm=isch&tab=wi&gs_l=img.3...8818.26248.0.26586.46.43.0.2.2.0.829.9277.11j15j4j2j3j5j1.41.0...0.0...1c.mKUcmuce0t0&oq=demographic+chart+of+the+industrial+revolution+in+england

• http://industrialrevolution.sea.ca/impact.html• http://www.google.co.za/search?

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• http://www.curbly.com/users/badbadivy/posts/989-in-the-arts-and-crafts-style• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estate_jewelry• http://www.oldandsold.com/articles08/costume-13.shtml

http://www.artyfactory.com/art_appreciation/graphic_designers/william_morris/william_morris.html

• http://www.curbly.com/users/badbadivy/posts/989-in-the-arts-and-crafts-style

• http://www.clemson.edu/caah/history/FacultyPages/PamMack/lec122/amtran.htm

• http://cuwhist.wordpress.com/worldviews-hist-103/industrial-revolution/• http://www.electricscotland.com/history/men/james_watt.htm• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Smith• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newcomen_steam_engine• http://gds.parkland.edu/gds/!lectures/history/1850/arts_crafts.html• http://www.hugedomains.com/domain_profile.cfm?d=twohistory&e=co

m• http://industrialrevolution.sea.ca/impact.html• http://www.memo.fr/en/article.aspx?ID=CON_IND_001• http://www.artyfactory.com/art_appreciation/graphic_designers/william

_morris/william_morris.html• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estate_jewelryhttp://images.google.com/search?

num=10&hl=en&site=&tbm=isch&biw=1280&bih=605&gs_l=img.3...236.29575.0.30147.75.14.0.61.3.2.604.3294.3j2j2j1j2j2.12.0...0.0...1ac.BFsoEG3B8g0&oq=agricultural+rivolution+in+great+britain+&q=agricultural%20rivolution%20in%20great%20britain

https://portfolio.du.edu/pc/port?page=3&uid=13732