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NPCS Newsletter - Issue

27

• Onion powder is made by dehydrating onions and grinding them downto a fine powder. It is a common seasoning and a component of spicemix. Onion powder replaces the taste of onions when used in recipes.The powder can be combined with other herbs and spices to createrubs, spice mixes, drinks and dressings. Applications include pasta,pizza, and grilled chicken. It is a common component of seasoned salt.Non-availability of onion during off-season creates major problem in themarket and causes price fluctuations, which directly affects theconsumer. Hence, their processing and availability during this periodcommands premium.

• With growing incomes, changing lifestyles and hectic daily schedule,market for dehydrated onion is growing especially in urban areas. Thedehydrated onion processors in India are expanding their capacitiessignificantly to meet the fast growing global demand. Many units areincreasing their production capacity to fulfill the increasing demand ofcold-weather countries like Germany, France, the US, the UK and SouthAfrica. The entry of multinational companies into snack food businesshas also pushed the demand for dehydrated onions. The boom has alsoseen a few units from surrounding parts going in for expansion.

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• ABS is a common thermoplastic. These plastics can becompounded with a high degree of hardness, or with great flexibilityand toughness, hard and are commonly described as tough, hardand rigid. Being, ABS plastics material so scarce and costlier thanother plastics reprocessing of waste ABS plastics very muchbeneficial. More reprocessing of ABS waste plastics easier thanother plastics as only material handling and size reduction is done incase of ABS plastic. Application include: ABS piping systems,luggage industry, automobile industry, business machine andCamera housings telephone handsets, electrical hand tools such asdrill housings, Knobs, handles, cams, blowers, bearings, wheels,gears, pump impellers, deflectors, pipe and pipe fittings.

• In the present scenario, ABS Granules are one of the most importantengineering ingredients of the plastic products. Its physical andchemical properties contribute to its popularity among themanufacturers. Automobile industry has been one of the prominentusers of ABS granules. Huge demand and easy processing makes itthe most feasible project for an entrepreneur to invest in.

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• Camphor is a waxy, flammable, white or transparent solid with a strongaromatic odor. It is found in wood of the camphor laurel, a largeevergreen tree found in Asia and also of Dryobalanops aromatica. It canalso be synthetically produced from oil of turpentine. It is used for itsscent, as an ingredient in cooking, as an embalming fluid, for medicinalpurposes, and in religious ceremonies. A major source of camphor inAsia is camphor basil.

• The small-scale sector of the camphor industry is poised for aspectacular rise in its production due to easy availability of its main rawmaterial, isobornyl acetate. There are at present three camphormanufacturing units in the small and one in the organized sector. India isconsidered to be the biggest market for the product as besides the agroand pharamaceutical sector India has an additional sector as religiousactivities; Camphor is used in aarti, hawan throughout the country. Also,camphor is used as a flavoring, mostly for sweets, in Asia. It is widelyused in cooking, mainly for dessert dishes. All these factors collectivelyincrease the demand of Camphor in the market. It is thus prove to be aprofitable project for the entrepreneurs to invest.

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• Welding is an efficient method of making permanent joints betweentwo or more metal parts. Welding electrodes are used in weldingvarious metals in the fabrication of equipment for chemical & Alliedindustries, construction of steel structures such as bridges, factorysheds, in the manufacture of ships, Vehicles and engineeringequipment, Oil and water pipelines, fertilizer industry etc. Mild steel iswelded by electrodes to a maximum among all the metals & Alloys.

• The market for welding machinery and electrodes is expected toexpand Rs 20 bn in the following year. The amount of arc weldingconsumables to be used is expected to raise from 300 kilotons to400 kilotons i.e. a rise of about 30 per cent in the coming three years.In years to come, the Indian welding market envisages extensive useof high strength steel and cross country welding consumables, low-alloy electrodes with low impurities, high-end grades, surfacingconsumables for high temperatures, shear blades, steel mill rollssurfacing etc. Thus it is a good project for an entrepreneur to invest.

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• Yeasts are unicellular, eukaryotic and polyphyletic organismsclassified in the kingdom fungi. Fermentation of sugars by yeast isthe oldest application in the making of bread, beer and wine. Apartfrom the production of bread and beverages, ethanol production isvital for different applications. Yeasts are also involved in single cellprotein production.

• The growth of Baker’s yeast market is directly linked to theincreasing trend of processed and fast food consumption, especiallybakery items. The principal use of baker’s yeast is as an essentialbakery ingredient for causing fermentation in the dough used inmaking bakery items. From Industrial Extension Bureau MottMacDonald India report , the growth of baker’s yeast market isdirectly linked to the increasing trend of processed and fast foodconsumption, especially bakery items. The global yeast market isdominated by baker's yeast which accounted for over 31% of thetotal market. Growing market for bakery products, beer, wine, animalfeed, and bio-ethanol is supposed to be the major driver for globalyeast market.

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• Enzymes are ideal catalysts—they are highly selective in nature and work under mildconditions. By combining the right enzymes with genetic engineering, enzymecompanies have developed proteins that can work in harsh process environments,such as those that use solvents, salts and high temperatures. The world market forindustrial enzymes is currently about $1.8 billion/year and growing by more than 20%per year, according to a report by Mckinsey & Co. (New York). Enzymes are widelyused in Alcohol Industry, Sugar Industry, for meat tenderization, baking, fruit juiceindustry, cheese manufacturing, food storages etc.

• Based on growth rate in India, the demand for enzyme is computed which is definitelyhigher than the production. An analysis of the market for enzymes from fermentationsources were estimated to account for about 80% of the total. The larges singleenzyme market was for bacterial alkaline proteinases in detergents. Mocrobialproteinases accounted for 40% of the total market and gylcosidases for about 20%.Glucose isomerase commanded the largest non-hydrolase sales at 6% of the totalmarket. The main user industries are detergents and starch, each with around 30% ofsales, and dairy processing with about 15%. The Industrial enzyme market is growingsteadily as most of the enzymes are produced by microorganisms in submergedcultures going by the biotechnology technique. Growing consumption of enzymes inthe existing application areas, use of enzymes in the new industrial processes, strictenforcement of environment laws and cost savings were some of key drivers for thegrowth of this sector in India.

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• Leather is a durable and flexible material created by the tanning ofanimal raw hide and skin, often cattle hide. It can be producedthrough manufacturing processes ranging from cottage industry toheavy industry. Processing and tanning cattle hides is a major India’slivestock byproduct industry. Leather Tanning industry serves varioussectors like: Footwear sector, leather garments sector, leather goodsand accessories including saddler and harness.

• Endowed with the largest cattle population in the world and cheapand abundant manpower, India is well-equipped to have thecomparative advantage in the production of leather and leathergoods. The Indian leather industry is the 8th largest foreignexchange earner for the country. Exports of leather and leatherproducts have increased manifold over the past decades, andreached more than USD 2.38 bn. Easy availability of raw materialand huge demand are the key drivers for the sustenance of leatherand tanning industry in the domestic and global market.

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• Cashew tree bears numerous, edible, pear shaped false fruits or “accessoryfruits'” called "cashew apples. Botanically, this “true fruit” is a drupe, featuringhard outer shell enclosing a single edible seed or the “cashew nut.” India is thelargest producer, consumer and exporter of cashew nut. It ranks 2nd amonghorticultural commodities contributing 1.5 per cent of the total export earning ofthe country. CNSL and the resins made from it are widely used in laminations,brake lining, electrical insulations, surface coatings, printing inks etc andtherefore find a ready market. Cashews are either directly consume or consumedas roasted and salted nuts or consumed in confectionery and bakery products.

• India is the largest producer and exporter of cashew kernels in the world. Over65 per cent of the world export of cashew kernels is accounted for by India. Indiais largest producer, processor, exporter and second largest consumer of cashewin the world with annual production of 6, 20,000 MT. The cashew industries inIndia employed different unit operations/ methodology for processing depend onvariety of raw material, location, technological mechanization and availability ofsecured energy supply. The growing demand in domestic and global marketleads to the requirement of increase in the number of units to meet therequirement. Thus it is a good project for the investment by the entrepreneurs.

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• Stainless Steel is a common name for metal alloys that consist of 10.5% or moreChromium (Cr) and more than 50% Iron (Fe). Stainless steel does not readily corrode,rust or stain with water as ordinary steel does. Stainless steel pipes are used inpetrochemicals, fertilizers, dairy industries power stations and nuclear plants. Othercorrosion resistant applications as of food processing industry are also significantusers. Steel pipes are primarily of two types, seamless and welded. Seamless pipesand tubes are used in both oil and non-oil sectors in a wide range of applications asline pipes, casing pipes, production tubings, drill pipes. Oil sector absorbs nearly 60%of seamless pipes, while some 30% are consumed by bearings and boilermanufacturers.

• Steel tubes industry is poised for a 30% growth in the wake of a growing demand inthe infrastructure construction sector, mainly in scaffolding in buildings. The sector hasgrown dramatically in the recent past at a record 20% growth owing to severalinfrastructure projects lined up by the government and the private sector. The 200series of stainless steel developed in India has potential in every developing countryincluding value added products like pipes and tubes and kitchen utensils. India alsohas good facilities for stainless steel long products like bars, wire rods and wires whichhave good prospects in Europe, USA and South East Asian region.

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• As the name implies, the mineral water is the purified waterfortified with requisite amounts of minerals. It is either obtainedfrom natural resources like spring and drilled wells or it isfortified artificially by blending and treating with mineral salts.Bottled water is the most dynamic market of all the food andbeverage industry. Its major use is in five star Hotels andHospitals where good quality pure water is required for potablepurposes. It is marketed at places and regions where hygienicdrinking water is not freely available. The foreigners consumedit in large quantity for drinking purpose.

• The total size of the bottled water market in India is estimatedat Rs 20 bn. In bottled water market, the cost of entry and thecost of exit is low. One does not require much equipment tomake bottled water. The bottled water market is growing at arapid rate of around 20% a year. At this growth rate, themarket is estimated to overtake the soft drinks market soon.

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• Among the alcoholic drinks, Beer is quite common and popular

in almost every Country of the World. Beer is drink primarily as

a source of liquid and for its pleasant & refreshing taste; non-

the less, its nutritional properties are of great importance. A

special use of beer is for the control of sodium intake in the

treatment of disease e.g. congestive heart failure, high blood

pressure and certain Kidney and liver ailments. The growth of

Indian beer industry in recent years has been fast. Some 36

units are manufacturing beer in India. The Indian beer industry

has shifted towards the strong beer segment. As the sector is

heavily licensed, any changes in the tax regime will affect the

growth of this segment. Accelerated growth would also be

possible with liberalized licensing for manufacturing and

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• Tobacco is grown with assistance of man as a leaf as the most valuable part ofthe plant. Tobacco is primarily used for cigarette, Cigars, chewing tobacco andsnuff. Other products from tobacco include Beedi and Hookah and are typicallyIndian products with 90% of production coming from India. Nicotine is ahygroscopic, oily liquid that is miscible with water in its base form. Nicotine is avolatile alkaloid. Nicotine is by far the most important by-product derived fromtobacco waste. The applications and uses of nicotine are: agricultural insecticide,manufacture of nicotine acid and nicotinamide, used in medicines, tanningindustry. The most important among the alternate applications for tobacco atpresent is for the manufacture of Nicotine for use in the preparation of Smokingcessation products.

• India has conquered her own place in the world, with an annual production ofabout 725 million kgs. of tobacco. India enjoys an edge over the leading tobaccoproducing countries in terms of low production cost, average farm and exportprices. India is one of the leading exporters of tobacco and occupies secondplace after Brazil. Tobacco Waste based industries in India started with themanufacture of Nicotine and 40% aqueous solution of Nicotine sulphate. Sincetobacco waste is a major cost component with 51.5% share in sale price anyincrease in nicotine content or reduction in price of tobacco waste will improvethe economics of the project.

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• Juice is a liquid that is naturally contained in fruit and vegetables. Juice isprepared by mechanically squeezing or macerating fruit or vegetable fleshwithout the application of heat or solvents. It is commonly consumed as abeverage or used as an ingredient or flavoring in foods. Juices are, basically,used to quench the thirst and to get refreshment, used to add flavor to the food,to prepare gelatin, also used in canteens, hotels, and restaurants and also inmarriages, birthday parties, all types of functions for drinking purposes as astarter.

• There is no general acceptance of the product forms in the fruit drinks market.The consumer is basically concerned that it is a fruit juice and not a syntheticallyconstituted product. Still drinks, nectars and packaged water sales are maturingquickly to grab a major share of the Indian cold beverages market. The demandfor juices has grown at 27.7% over the last 5 years. This growth seems set tocontinue driven by population growth, increased purchasing power and theincreased fissionability of juice as a consumer beverage. Global markets havewitnessed a rise in the demand for fruit juices and other natural products ashealth consciousness has increased. This trend indicates a bright future for analready growing market in state as well as of the area specified.

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• Cellulose enzymes contain both neutral, acid and hybrid enzymes indifference concentrations, offering unique combinations that make theseenzymes highly effective in creating a rich variety of effects on denim.They are extremely effective in the short washing time, low backstaining, high contrast and big dot size typical of acid cellulose washes.Its main use is in Fabric Processing. Industrial enzymes are catalyststhat speed up chemical reactions and are used in wide variety ofindustries such as household care, bio-energy, animal feed, food andbeverages, biopharmaceuticals, wastewater, textiles, pulp and paper.

• Demand for enzymes in matured economies such as the US, WesternEurope, Japan and Canada was relatively stable during recent times,while developing economies of Asia-Pacific, Middle East and Africaemerged as the fastest growing markets. Demand for enzymes forproducing cellulosic bio-ethanol and other bio-based chemicals willcomprise a major portion of industrial enzyme usage in the near future.The use of enzymes in textile industry is one of the most rapidly growingfields in industrial enzymology. Global enzymes market is estimated torise 7 percent at a healthy pace to $8.0 billion in 2015.

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• The term tannin refers to the use of tannins in tanning animal hidesinto leather. Synthetic tannins are used in tanneries as replacementto compliment the tanning action made by the natural tanningextracts. They are used as auxiliaries for pre-tanning, re-tanning andcombined tanning and as dispersing agents for vegetable tanninsand dyestuffs. They have a property to tan animal skin to convert toleather or hide.

• Tannin extract is traditionally produced from black wattle trees butthere is now stiff competition from tannin extract produced fromchestnut and Quebracho trees from South America. Locally there isstiff competition with synthetic tannin. It is this synthetic tannin that isused by all shoe making companies. Synthetic tannin is muchcheaper than natural tannin extract from black wattle. Solid mimosaextract is the cheapest and poorest quality tannin extract. GS powderis the highest quality tannin extract, has the highest demand and theprofit margin.

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• Bread is most consumable wheat-based bakery product. It containshigh nutritive value. They are easy to digest and compact in size,therefore, its consumption is increasing day by day. Indian bakeryindustry is spreaded over all small scale; large scale and house holdsectors. At present there are 21 units in organized sector and manymore in small scale, cottage and house hold sectors. Themanufacturing process and techniques are so simple that they caneasily be adopted for production at any level. Bakery products inIndia are now in common use and are no more exclusive to a fewhouseholds or classes of performs.

• Much attempt is being made to popularize bakery products among allbecause these products are considered easy, convenient and ratherinexpensive means of taking food in hygienically prepared ready toeat form. It is hoped that with further modernization, with influence ofurban consumption pattern, spread of industry and commerce andgeneral change in eating habits shall gradually improve the share ofrural consumption in the total market for bakery products.

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• Shoe polish (or boot polish), is a waxy paste, cream, or liquid used topolish, shine, and waterproof leather shoes or boots to extend thefootwear's life, and restore, maintain and improve their appearance.Aerosol-type polishes have been extensively used for polishingshoes, automobiles, household care, etc. Applications of Aerosolshoe polish includes: used to give instant shine any smooth leather;provide maximum protection for suede and nubuck shoes from stainand water damage; allows for quick cleaning of these materials;keeps leather soft, supple, water and stain resistant; helps prolongthe life of footwear etc.

• Increasing consumer awareness towards personal health andhygiene and their growing demand for different products are themajor factors which are driving the global market of aerosol. One ofthe major factors driving the demand for propellants is the steadygrowth of the global aerosol market. The global aerosol propellantsmarket was highly fragmented and consists of a large number ofsmall and medium scale manufacturers. Global Aerosol PropellantsMarket is expected to Reach USD 23.2 Billion by 2019.

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• The great importance of the industrial gas, oxygen is due to the usefulness of theacetylene torch for steel welding and steel cutting, and for the welding of othermetals, to lesser degree to the oxy-hydrogen flame. On the commercial scale,oxygen is made from atmospheric air small production by the electrolysis ofwater is the result of special circumstances. Oxygen is used in industry forfusion, welding of metals, metal cutting and other purposes. As a cuttingmedium, oxygen is used for scrap cutting and shaping, of steel plates, slabs upto several feet thick can be out into desired sized and shapes, under watercutting of plates can be effected by using an oxy-hydrogen flame shrouded bycompressed air. Cleaning of steel structure by oxyacetylene flame removes rustand scale. A clean surface ready is obtained.

• The industrial gas industry is divided into two major segments. The first, calledthe tonnage or supply scheme market, is composed of large-volume users whousually receive gas via a direct pipeline from an on-site production facility. Theother major market segment is known as the merchant or bulk liquid market. Theglobal market size of cryogenic equipment is estimated to be $11 billion in 2011.Cryogenic tank has the largest market and majority of cryogenic equipmentmarket revenue come from those tanks.

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• Rice flakes are tasty flakes that are created using rice grains. RiceFlakes are used as breakfast food and are famous by the names likepoha/chiwda when cooked as breakfast meal. Rice flakes can beconsumed with milk as cereal. Wide application of Rice Flakes is inthe application of beer industry to produce beer. Rice flakes can alsobe mixed with other dried grain flakes to create a tasty breakfastcereal.

• Rice flakes from broken rice used in beer industries, which is cheapconvenient and is an innovated concept. The product is used in beerindustry which finds a prominent place in alcoholic beverages. It hasan excellent domestic demand. In India about 32 beer units areregistered with DGTD with a total installed capacity of the order of132,200 Kilo Litres per year. The capacity utilization during the lastfew years has been around 156 percent. So, it has to be assessedthat in the coming years the new unit may come up to productionconsidering the 60% of the total licenses. Similarly demand isincreasing day by day to meet the requirement of indigenous as wellas export market.

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• Agricultural waste or residue is made up of organic compounds fromorganic sources such as rice straw, oil palm empty fruit bunch, sugarcane bagasse, coconut shell, and others. Rice husk from paddy (Oryzasativa) is one example of alternative material that can be potentiallyused for making particle board. Rice husks are processed intorectangular shaped particle boards. This new industry initially wasstarted primarily with a view to utilize wood waste.

• Construction industry is one of the fastest growing sectors in India.Rapid construction activity and growing demand of houses has lead tothe short fall of traditional building materials. Demand of good quality ofbuilding materials to replace the traditional materials and the need forcost effective and durable materials for the low cost housing hasnecessitated the researchers to develop variety of new and innovativebuilding materials. Construction materials of special requirements for thehouses in different geographical region to overcome the risk of naturalhazard and for protection from sever climatic conditions has alsoemphasised the need for development of lightweight, insulating, costeffective, durable and environment friendly building materials.

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• E-waste is a popular, informal name for electronic productsnearing the end of their useful life. While there is no generallyaccepted definition of e-waste, in most cases, e-wastecomprises of relatively expensive and essentially durableproducts used for data processing, telecommunications orentertainment in private households and businesses.Electronic wastes, e-waste, e-scrap, or Waste Electrical andElectronic Equipment (WEEE) are a description of surplus,obsolete, broken or discarded electrical or electronic devices.

• WEEE has been identified as one of the fastest growingsources of waste in the India, and is estimated to beincreasing by 16-28 per cent every five years. So far thepreliminary estimates by the National WEEE Taskforcesuggest that total WEEE generation in India is approximately1, 46,000 tons per year. This give rise to the demand ofrecycling plants to reuse/recycle the waste from electronicsworld.

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• Sugar is a universal sweetening agent and sugar – cane is theprimary age - old source of it. Sugar, as sucrose is importantfor energy and metabolic activities. The main raw material forsugar production, i.e. sugarcane grows widely and efforts areconstantly being made to bring more area under cultivation.

• The sugar industry in India is second largest, next to textiles. Ithas an investment of Rs.1500 crores employs 3, 00,000people, besides the industry provides sustenance to 25 millioncultivators. The contribution of industry to the public exchequerby way of excise, cases and taxes, is substantial. Also it is animportant foreign exchange earner to the country. Sugar usedas sweetener in food product, like Jam, Jellies, Bread, Biscuit& Cake etc., used as raw material for the fermentationIndustry. It has largest use as domestic purposes also. India isnow the largest consumer of sugar in the world and wasexpected to overtake Brazil in production.

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• Phospho-gypsum is a by-product of the phosphoric acidindustry and consists of 65-70 % gypsum, 25-30 % water and5-10 % impurities, i.e. phosphoric acid and its salts,hydrofluoric acid and its compounds. There are more than fewplants (those of Onoda in Japan, Giulinichemic GmbH , Knaufin Germany, etc.) where the impurities are eliminated bywashing Phospho-gypsum with water or separating off coarseand very fine particles.

• Phosphoric acid production scenarios in India, there are 11 no.of phosphoric acid manufacturing units located in 7 Statesnamely Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Kerala, Maharashtra,Orissa, Tamil Nadu and West Bengal. Earlier, the totalproduction of phosphoric acid is about 1.2 Million Tons.Phosphogypsum generation in the Country is about 11 MillionTons per annum (based on the assumption that 5 Tons ofPhospho-gypsum generated per ton of phosphoric acidproduction).

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• Banana is the largest produced and maximum consumed amongstthe fruits cultivated in India. India ranks first amongst the bananacultivating countries of the world. Banana when ripened is a soft anddelicate fruit with a post-harvest shelf life of 5- 10 days. This makes itprone to injury during transport. Banana being a ‘common man’s fruit’ isconsumed in following forms: Banana Powder, Banana Puree, BananaJuice concentrate etc. Banana powder, because of its highconcentration of banana essence, has been found to be a major sourceof carbohydrate and calories, found to be useful as a general treatmentfor dyspepsia, contains compounds with demonstrable anti-MRSAactivity, anti-HIV replicative activity, and following metabolictransformation by fungi, anti-leishmanicidal activity.

• The global production of banana is around 102028.17 thousand tons ofwhich India contributes 29.19%. The demand of Banana Products inmarket is increasing rapidly due to nutritive and medicinal characteristicsof it. India is one of the major country producing banana and itsderivatives. Banana Derivatives includes: Powder, Puree, Ice-Creams,Fruit breads, cakes, tarts, muffins, pie-fillings, icings, donuts, fruit bars,milk shakes, yogurts, puddings, toppings, deserts, baby food, etc.

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• The words fabric and cloth are used in textile assembly trades (such as tailoringand dressmaking) as synonyms for textile. The most common use of textile is forclothing and containers such as bags and baskets. They are used in carpeting,upholstered furnishings, window shades, towels, covering for tables, beds, andother flat surfaces, and in art, used in industrial and scientific processes such asfiltering.

• The textile industry occupies a leading position in the hierarchy of the Indianmanufacturing industry. Compared with the industry in other countries the Indiantextile industry is endowed with some inherent advantages, such as abundanceof raw material and cheap labour. As a result, India is the second largest cottontrader after the USA, having the largest area (9 mn hectare) under it. The Indianclothing market for readymade garments is estimated at over Rs 1000 bn withmen's wear segment accounting for 46%, while the shares of women's and kids'clothing are pegged at 36% and 17%, respectively. The Indian branded garmentmarket, which is estimated at over Rs 200 bn, accounts for over 26% ofreadymade market. Following the entry of several new brands, the brandedsegment has grown at 25% annually. This represents a shift from unbranded tothe branded segment.

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• The principal feed resources for animal consumption in the countryare crop residues like straws of wheat, rice and other cereals andstovers, which are very poor in feed value. Even these are in shortsupply. Such a situation is bound to aggravate difficulties in thefeeding of better producing livestock such as cross breed for earlygrowth, better reproduction and higher milk production. Livestock inthe country, therefore, suffer widely from insufficient supply ofnutrients. The unconventional agro-industrial by products and forestwastes may find a greater use as livestock feeds in coming years.

• Cattle feed is a peculiar product consumed mainly by cattle ownersof rural area. The benefits of this scientifically prepared cattle feedover traditional feed has become as popular as they should be. Theproblem is much of replacing unscientific feeding system withscientific feed. India has the largest cattle, buffalo and goatpopulation according to latest census. There are about 200 millioncattle, 50 million buffaloes and 90 million goats in the country. Animalhusbandry plays an important role in the national life and accountsfor about 10% of the national income.

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• Power Transformers are used in Transmission network so they do not directlyconnect to the consumers. Bulk AC power transmission necessitates the use ofhigh voltages. Progressively, the transmission voltages have risen to 400 kV ACin India. In India, system voltages up to 400 kV are well established and 800 kVAC transmission systems are being planned. This will require manufacturing of800 kV transformers.

• The electrical industry has been showing signs of recovery after poorperformance in the recent years. The domestic electrical industry, which includesequipment for generation, transmission, distribution and use of power inindustrial units, constitutes a major part of the electrical products. India's capacityto manufacture power equipment is set to increase four-fold to around 43,000MW over the next 5 years, through investments of over Rs 300 bn. Theadditional capacity of 33,000 MW is expected to be added by 2015. The entry ofprivate sector in the power area and the emergence of captive power plants havechanged the scenario for the transformer segment. As more and more MNCsand specialized industries make India their business destination, specialeconomic zones have been allocated and feeding mega projects of robust andefficient transformers, ensuring the optional generation of power.

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• Aluminium, the second most plentiful metallic element on earth, became aneconomic competitor in engineering applications as recently as the end of the19th century. The growing popularity of this metal has been attributed to itsoutstanding physical and chemical properties, viz. lightness, and high strength ofits alloys, high electric and thermal conductivity, good workability and the mostimportant of all –its resistance to corrosion. The first commercial applications ofaluminium were novelty items such as mirror frames, house numbers, andserving trays. Aluminium has a wide range of applications, from aircraft buildingto packaging, a major consumer being the electrical industry. The two sectors,electricity and transportation, account for more than half of the total off take.

• The key consumer industries in India are power, transportation, consumerdurables, packaging and construction. Of this, power is the biggest consumer(about 44% of total) followed by infrastructure (17%) and transportation (about10% to 12%). Demand for aluminium is estimated to grow at 4 to 6% per annum.The demand for the metal is expected to pick up as the scenario improves foruser industries like power, infrastructure and transportation, which are all on themove. In the domestic market, the demand of aluminium is expected to touch1.5 mn ton by 2015-16.

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• PVC flex is made out of PVC and fabric raw material, specially designed for solventprinting industry. It is suitable for indoor and outdoor printing used in billboard, display,banners and exhibition booth decoration, light-box advertisement, outdoor posters,etc. This market is booming with 25-30% annual growth and is worth around Rs 500-600 crores. The Signage Industry is witnessing robust growth in India with strong andsteady economic growth. More and more MNC’s are coming to India, branding hasbecome an important aspect in every segment. Signage, LED & Showroom Displayplays a very important role in each and every business.

• Indian industries will surely take the market by storm. With healthy growth, the marketfor fabrics used in signs and outdoor advertising would appear to be attractive toIndia's industry, but few local companies are manufacturing the textiles and Chineseimports dominate, Out-of-house (OOH) publicity has become an important componentof almost every company's marketing strategy. The printing industry in India hasassumed growing significance during the last decade, as one of the biggest andfastest growing sectors in India. The growth has always been in double digits andsignificantly, more than the GDP growth rate. The Indian Printing Industry is wellestablished and presently growing at 12% per annum. India is the world’s fastestgrowing market with a projected 73% rate of growth from 2006-11.

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• Ferroalloys have been developed to improve the properties ofsteels and alloys by introducing specific alloying elements in desirablequantities in the most feasible technical and economic way. FerroalloysPlays major role in Steel Production and industrial development. Theseare iron based alloys with varied elements introduced in steel making tocater to the specific needs. These are specified additions to theproduction of steel for various applications. It also has application in thefield of production of low- carbon steel, for producing low-carbonferromanganese, for producing low-carbon ferrochrome. The majorusers of alloy steel are: auto industry, railways, forgings, tubes, springsand other engineering industries.

• The demand for ferro alloys has been increasing with that of alloy andspecial steels. There are six leading players and over 30 smallproducers. The industry has tied up with companies in Europe fortechnology inputs. Ferro manganese along with Fe-Si, Fe-Cr, is a bulkferro-alloy. Iron for Farm implements uses up to 1.75% Mn and also inautomobile parts. Ship construction industry uses steels with evenhigher content; riffle barrels and heat treated forgings necessarily useferro manganese as an alloying additive.

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• The Indian Pharmaceutical sector is highly fragmented with more than 20,000registered units. It has expanded drastically in the last two decades. The leading 250pharmaceutical companies control 70% of the market, with market leader holdingnearly 7% of the market share. There are about 250 large units and about 8000 SmallScale Units, which form the core of the pharmaceutical industry in India (including 5Central Public Sector Units). These units produce the complete range ofpharmaceutical formulations, i.e., medicines ready for consumption by patients andabout 350 bulk drugs etc. Technologically strong and totally self-reliant, thepharmaceutical industry in India has low costs of production, low R&D costs,innovative scientific manpower, strength of national laboratories and an increasingbalance of trade.

• The Indian pharmaceutical industry is the fourth largest in the world in terms of volumeof output and thirteenth in domestic demand. The domestic market is estimated at Rs680 bn. The key categories driving growth are the traditionally largest segment - anti-infective and gastro-intestinal, drugs, which expanded by 22% and 19% respectively.Fast sales growth is also visible in categories like respiratory (18%), cardiac (14%),neurology (20%) and anti-diabetic (19%). The number of product launches exceeds2,000 annually. Both MNC and Indian companies are implementing strategies whichwill help them to benefit from and cope with the developing patent regime. India hasthe highest number of (US Food and Drug Administration) USFDA approvedmanufacturing facilities outside the US and this puts India in good position to export toregulated markets.

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• Bagasse is the waste of sugar industry. It can be used for the production ofbagasse base board or solid fuels or for the production of power or for theproduction of Alcohol. Now we are intending to produce bagasse base board.There is gradually demand increase in wood base products. There are fewmanufacturers who makes board by partial use of fine particles of bagasse. Thiscan be very safely handled and transport from one place to another place. It canbe used for making different variety of furniture like, chair, table, bed etc. It canbe used for making panel board, windows, doors etc. It can be used for makingpartition in the room. It is used in Construction companies, school, colleges,paints, and for domestic uses.

• Few organized and many private organizations are engaged in themanufacturing of ply board or wood board or bagasse base board. There isgrowth about 5-8% per annum. These is no import of ply board, these is scope ofexport of ply board as well as wood board is there. In the near future projecteddemand of bagasse base board will be increased by 5% as this is the product ofwood substitute. Any new entrepreneur may enter into this field will besuccessful.

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• Rice is an important food crop. Rice bran is a by- product resulting fromthe processing of rice. It is the main source of rice oil. The majority ofavailable bran continues to be used for animal feeds without beingextracted for the oil. Rice oil, also called rice bran oil, has been usedextensively in Asian countries. Rice bran oil is extremely light, versatileand delicious. Used to fry, sauté, salad dressings, baking, dipping oilsand where ever you use cooking oil. It is amazing cooking oil- light,healthy and also best in taste. The crude bran oil can also be used formanufacture of soap, emulsifiers, fatty acid, plasticisers, cosmetics andtocoferol (vitamin E) etc.

• India produces about 80 million tonnes of paddy annually. This can yieldabout 5 million tonnes of rice bran and to the extent of 8 lakhs tonnes ofrice bran oil. Production of rice bran oil is currently estimated at about 2lakhs tonnes and hardly 10-15 per cent of it is of edible grade, althoughthe potential availability is reckoned at about 8 lakhs tonnes. The widegap between the actual production and the potential availability of ricebran oil is primarily due to the fact that at present around 70 per cent ofthe paddy produced in the country is processed through huller millswhile only 30 percent is processed by modern Sheller mills.

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• Papad is a common Indian food normally taken with meals. Somepeople take it along with tea also. Papad's are of different types i.e.made from urad dal, potatoes, rice etc. The papad bariyan are not onlyconsumed in houses but also these are consumed in notches,restaurants, Dhabas also the people who are going to Picnic, meals etc.

• Estimated market for breakfast in India at a modest is Rs 2.5 bn, themarket includes cornflakes, muesli, pancakes, oatmeal and porridge.The market is estimated to be growing annually up to 30%, and withmodern retail providing new recipes of the contemporary products,Indian and Western, a strong wave of growth is anticipated. The overallsize of the snack food market is estimated at Rs 45 to Rs 50 bn. Themarket is reported to be growing at 7 to 8 % annually. The organizedsnacks category is sub-divided into the traditional segment (bhujia,chanachur and the like), Western segment (potato chips, cheese ballsetc.) and the newly established finger snacks segment. According to aprojection, the branded snacks market is growing at a compoundedannual growth rate of 14% and reached a value of Rs 35 bn in 2012.

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• Calcium propionate is the calcium salt of propionic acid. Propionic acid is anatural acid present in small quantities in many foods. In fermented foodshowever, propionic acid can be present in high concentrations because it isproduced by fermentation bacteria. Calcium propionate is used aspreservative or antimicrobial, mainly against fungi. Calcium ions arenecessary for the enzyme α-amylase to break down the starches in bread,making them available for the yeast top grow, and improving the texture ofthe bread. If enough of the amylose portion of starch is converted into sugar,retrogradion of bread is slowed down or prevented. In agriculture, it is used,amongst other things, to prevent milk fever in cows and as a feedsupplement. Calcium propionate is used in bakery products. Cheeses,confections and frostings, gelatins, puddings and fillings, and jams andjellies. In commercial practice the amount of calcium propionate used will belimited by cost and the possibility of imparting off-tastes or textures to food.Calcium propionate is used in bakery products as a mold inhibitor. Moldcontamination is considered a serious problem amongst bakers, andconditions commonly found in baking present near-optimal conditions formold growth. Calcium propionate can be used: as an antimicrobial agent; atlevels not exceeding current good manufacturing practice in baked goods,cheeses, confections and frostings, gelatins, puddings and fillings, and jamsand jellies.

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