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A presentation made at the UNESCO workshop on Open Access in Africa, Pretoria, 22-23 November 2010, co-sponsored by the Academy of Science of South Africa and EiFL
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Access to Africa’s knowledge
Publishing development research and measuring value
Eve Gray (2010): Access to Africa’s Knowledge: Publishing Development Research and Measuring Value.
The African Journal of Information and Communication Thematic Issue on A2K in Africa, Issue 10 2009/ 2010
http://link.wits.ac.za/journal/journal.html
What does Africa seek to gain from its
investment in research?
ʻHow could the application of knowledge end poverty and hunger in Africa? How could higher education empower women and promote gender equity? How can knowledge be considered in the African context to address child mortality and improve maternal health?ʼ
Nahas Angula, Namibian Prime Minister, UNESCO 29th Conference on Higher Education, 2009
Photo: coda Damien du Toit http://www.flickr.com/photos/coda/Creative Commons Share-Alike
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Higher education at a crossroads?
Information and communication
technology offers new promise
Higher access, higher quality, lower
cost
but we are still caught up with old paradigms...
“Over the last few decades, some things have not changed. There’s been no significant break in relations of knowledge production between the colonial and post-colonial eras. African universities are essentially consumers of knowledge produced in developed countries.”
Blade Nzimande, UNESCO World Conference on Higher Education 2009
there is a penalty...
In essence, what is being defined as ‘knowledge society’ means two different things to the developed world and the African continent. The former are the producers and the latter are the consumers of knowledge, which seriously undermines the fostering of the multicultural nature of Higher Education, as virtually all partnerships are one-sided. This is not only negative for the African continent, but it also deprives global higher education of access to the indigenous knowledge of Africa, and it deprives Africans of the opportunity to develop their indigenous knowledge system and strengthen their relationship to western and eastern knowledge systems. Blade Nzimande, Minister of Higher Education and Training, South Africa
National policies tend to favour what Sir John Daniel at
the UNESCO conference called ‘poles of superior quality’
rather than ‘the public good’
We measure impact factors and citations in a highly
competitive and exclusionary system
controlled by commercial companies...
Science Research
http://www.worldmapper.org 2006 SASI Group (University of Sheffield) and Mark Newman (University of Michigan).
We ask for research to resolve development
challenges, help achieve the Millennium Goals...
... even as the policy-makers and international agencies require journal articles and
patents as a measure of success....
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..and offer little support and recognition to the
publications that emerge from development-focused
research.
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Is the problem what is being produced, or what is being
measured?
It is not that our policy-makers do not see the
problem...
Blade Nzimande, UNESCO World Conference on Higher Education 2009
Our universities, in particular, should be directing their research focus to address the development and social needs of our communities. The impact of their research should be measured by how much difference it makes to the needs of our communities, rather than by just how many international citations researchers receive in their publications.
But we are stuck in a free rider mentality...
in which higher education does not see
publication as its responsibility.
http://www.flickr.com/photos/adactio/ CC attribution licence
The result is tunnel vision
which ignores all but a small segment of the publishing ecosystem..
the formal publishing that does not work very well for us...
Open access is an
answer
Text• Builds on collaboration and a
tradition of collegiality
• Depends upon sharing rather than proprietorship, access rather than protection
• Efficiencies and economies of collaborative development
• Networked rather than hierarchical structures
The ethos of OA
overcoming distribution and access barriers
and working across the whole ecosystem
Commercial publishing - journals
offers citation impact, global prestige, access,
reach...
and freedom to reuse content for ‘translation’
of research...
Text
Books
Cooperative publishing platforms
help reduce the South to North knowledge
gap
South African national open access initiative
and building the quality and accessibility of national journals...
Repositories profile the whole range of scholarship
African research centres produce research that
addresses vital development needs
How do we develop value systems, rewards
and recognition to support development
Eve GrayHonorary Research Associate
Centre for Educational TechnologyUniversity of Cape Town
http://www.gray-area.co.zahttp://www.http://www.sca2kafrica.org/
http://www.cet.uct.ac.za