U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission

Overview of the Commission’s Recent Activities on Furniture Flammability Rulemaking*

April 25, 2013

CPSC Upholstered Furniture Fire Safety Technology Meeting5 Research Place, Rockville, MD

For further information contactRik Khanna, Project Manager

301-987-2058 rkhanna@cpsc.gov * This information was prepared by the CPSC staff; it has not be been reviewed or approved by, and does not necessarily represent the views of,

the Commission.

Upholstered Furniture Fire Risk

National fire loss estimates (2008-2010) reported upholstered furniture as first item ignited in estimated annual average of 5,300 residential fires attended by fire services during that period.

Fires resulted in estimated average of 450 deaths, 810 injuries, and $309 million in property loss each year.

Once furniture ignites, it contains enough fuel that fire can spread very quickly once upholstery filling materials start to burn.

CPSC Proposed Rule

NPR published in March 2008□ 73 Fed. Reg. 11702 (March 4, 2008)

Objectives:□ Address standard’s target risk: smoldering ignited

fires that cause most addressable fire deaths and injuries

□ Prevent transition from smoldering to flaming combustion

□ Minimize reliance on FR chemical additives in fabrics and filling materials

□ Reduce fire risk at reasonable cost

Summary of NPR Objectives

Proposed Standard establishes 2 possible approaches

Furniture can have either:□ Upholstery cover material that complies with the

prescribed smoldering ignition test ( “Type I” furniture); or□ Interior fire barrier that complies with specified smoldering

and small open-flame ignition tests (“Type II” furniture).

Does not rely on FR additives to achieve compliance

Post – NPR Technical Work

Validation Test Program – Bench and Full-Scale□ Smoldering Ignition □ Open-Flame Ignition

Standard Reference Foam Development□ Reduce Variability

Validation Tests

Conducted with Type I cover fabrics and Type II fire barriers that met criteria of proposed standard in bench-scale testing

Bench-scale tests used same materials as full-scale tests; no standard foam or fabric was used

Smoldering and open-flame ignition source tests were conducted.

Smoldering Ignition Tests: Bench-Scale

Materials in bench-scale tests did not behave as previously observed.

Cover fabrics did not show difference in smoldering as expected.

Presence of fire barrier did not show a practical difference in smoldering of underlying foam.

Foam seemed to be different than previously purchased foam, potentially affecting results. □ Revealed need for an SRM foam.

Smoldering Ignition Tests: Full-Scale

Chairs constructed of same materials as bench-scale tests.

Fire barriers expected to inhibit smoldering ignition of internal foam.

Fire barriers did not consistently protect against smoldering ignitions.□ Chairs constructed with fire barriers

demonstrated considerable amount of smoldering.

Example of Smoldering Ignition Tests

Without BarrierNon-FR Foam

With BarrierNon-FR Foam

Open-Flame Ignition Tests:Bench- and Full-Scale

Bench-scale tests showed fire barriers able to delay ignition of foam, as previously observed.

Full-scale tests showed that fire barriers were successful in reducing fire severity.

Example of Open-Flame Ignition Tests

Without BarrierNon-FR foam@ 4 minutes

Without BarrierFR foam@ 4 minutes

With BarrierNon-FR foam@ 4 minutes

With BarrierFR foam@ 4 minutes

Validation Tests - Conclusions

Bench-scale performance behavior in both scales should be similar qualitatively.

Smoldering ignition bench-scale performance did not demonstrate adequate prediction of real furniture flammability performance for Type I and Type II chairs, in this test series.

Open-flame ignition, bench-scale qualification tests for fire barriers (Type II) results in improvement in full-scale fire performance.

Standard Test Materials

Objective: maximize repeatability, minimize variability of test results

SRM 1196 cigarette incorporated into mattress rule (16 CFR Part 1632) in 2011

SRM foam characterization in 2012

Ongoing Work

Conduct further testing with standard materials

Engage ASTM E05 on potential revisions to ASTM E1353

Monitor revisions to California TB-117 Issued CPSC Federal Register notice and

host Furniture Fire Safety Technology Meeting

Furniture Fire Safety Technology Meeting and Request for Comments

April 25 - Fire Safety Technology Meeting□ Focus on current technologies and anticipated progress on

future fire barrier technologies and other options to reduce the fire hazard posed by residential upholstered furniture.

□ http://www.cpsc.gov/cgi-bin/epi/epifurnituremtg.aspx

Request for Comments□ Invite interested parties to submit comments related to the

meeting or possible change in regulatory approach using fire barriers

□ Comments due July 1, 2013

U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission

Overview of the Commission’s Recent Activities on Furniture Flammability Rulemaking*

April 25, 2013

CPSC Upholstered Furniture Fire Safety Technology Meeting5 Research Place, Rockville, MD

For further information contactRik Khanna, Project Manager

301-987-2058 rkhanna@cpsc.gov * This information was prepared by the CPSC staff; it has not be been reviewed or approved by, and does not necessarily represent the views of,

the Commission.