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MEASURING THE GENDER GAP Gabriela Ramos OECD Chief of Staff, Special Counsellor to the OECD Secretary-General, and Sherpa to the G20 Why women matter Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International Cooperation Rome, October 21 2016

Measuring the Gender Gap

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MEASURING THE GENDER GAP

Gabriela Ramos

OECD Chief of Staff, Special Counsellor to the OECD Secretary-General, and Sherpa to the G20

Why women matter

Ministry of Foreign Affairs and International CooperationRome, October 21 2016

The economic case for addressing the gender gap

2 Source: OECD June 2016 Economic Outlook database; OECD calculations.

Contributions to potential output per capita growth in the OECD

Women are less likely to study engineering, manufacturing, and construction

Source: OECD Education at a Glance 2015

Female share (%) of graduates in engineering, manufacturing and construction, all tertiary levels (ISCED2011 levels 5 to 8), 2014 or latest available

3

Argenti

na

Indon

esia

Italy

Brazil

South

Africa

India

Mexico

Turkey

France

Korea

OECD avera

ge

Austra

lia

United

Kingdo

m

German

y

United

States

Russia

n Fed

.

Canad

aJa

pan

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Female share (%) of grad-uates in engineering, man-ufacturing and construction

Female labour force participation rates and gender gaps differ across the OECD

Female and male labour force participation rates (15-64 year olds), 2015 or latest available

OECD Employment Database and OECD estimates based on national labour force surveys for Argentina and Saudi Arabia. 4

Turkey

Mexico Ita

lyChile

Korea

Greece

Hunga

ryPola

ndIre

land

Slovak

Repub

lic

Colombia

Belgium

Luxem

bourg

Czech R

epub

licJap

an

United S

tates

OECD - Aver

age

Sloven

iaFran

ceIsr

aelSpa

in

Portug

al

Austral

iaAust

ria

Estonia

United K

ingdo

m

German

y

Finland

Netherl

ands

New Zea

land

Canad

a

Denmark

Norway

Switzerla

nd

Sweden

Icelan

d0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Women Men

Gender pay gaps are substantial across countries

Note: Data refer to hourly wage for full time employees (working more than 30 hour per week in the main job), except for Germany, Japan, and Korea for which they refer to monthly earnings of full-time employees.Sources: OECD estimates based on EU-SILC for EU countries except for Germany for which they are based on GSOEP, Household, Income and Labour Dynamics for Australia, Labour force Survey for Canada, National labour force survey for Korea, Basic Survey on Wage Structure for Japan, Encuesta Nacional de Ocupación y Empleo (ENOE) for Mexico, National Labour Force Survey for Turkey and the Current Population Survey, ASEC Supplement for the United States.

Gender pay gap in median hourly wages, full-time employees, 2014 or latest available

5

ESTPRT

SVKLVA

USACZE

AUTNOR

CHEGBR

AUSCHL ISL FIN

CANOECD

FRAESP IRL

POLHUN

LUXDNK

GRCSVN

NLD ITAMEX

BELTUR

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

2014 2005

The 2013 OECD Gender Recommendation: Promoting Gender Equality in Education, Employment, and Entrepreneurship

• Sets policy measures that governments should consider to:

• Promote good quality education for boys and girls, and gender equality in educational choices;

• Promote family-friendly policies and working conditions, and combat discrimination;

• Reduce the gender gap in entrepreneurship activity.

• Countries are called to reinforce the production of gender-specific data and monitor progress

6

Promoting equality at the highest levels of the private sector

7Source: European Commission (2016) and Catalyst (2015) in OECD Gender Data Portal

Female share of seats on boards of the largest

publicly-listed companies,

2014

Promote gender equality in public and private leadership

Data refer to share of women parliamentarians recorded as of 1 June 2016, and 25 October 25 2002. Bars in light blue represent countries with lower or single house parliaments with legislated candidate quotas and/or reserved seat quotas. Italy does not have lower or single house parliaments with legislated candidate quotas and/or reserved seat quotas but does have legislation requiring candidate quotas for sub-national elections. In Australia, Canada, Germany, Italy, Turkey and the United Kingdom some political parties operate voluntary party quotas. Source: OECD Gender Review of Mexico (forthcoming) for OECD member countries..

Female share (%) of seats in lower or single house legislative bodies, 2002 and 2016

8

Sweden

Spain

Denmark

Netherl

ands

German

y

Switzerla

nd Italy

Austria

United K

ingdo

m

OECD avera

ge

Austral

iaFran

ce

Canad

a

United S

tates

Korea

Hunga

ryJap

an0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

40

45

50

2016 2002

Female share (%) of seats

The 2015 OECD Recommendation on Gender Equality in Public Life

• Recommendation proposes a range of policy tools to promote:

• Good governance and accountability for gender equality;

• Gender balance in leadership and public institutions;

• Gender equality in public employment.

• Targeted outcomes are gender-sensitive laws, policies, budgets, and services and improved access to public leadership.

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• As part of our broader mission to promote better policies for better lives, in 2017 we will publish a report monitoring countries’ progress on our 2013 Gender Recommendation.

• Other OECD gender work includes Gender Data Portal, Gendernet, Index of Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI), and country gender reviews (USA, Mexico, Germany, Pacific Alliance countries).

Ongoing work on gender

10

Ending violence against women

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• OECD has joined the Call to Action to Combat Gender-Based Violence in Emergencies

• The OECD is applying three tools in this campaign:– Gathering and publishing new data tracking violence against

women – Focusing on policies to tackle the root causes of gender-based

violence: laws, attitudes, social norms– Drive action on the ground to improve countries’ response to

violence against women

The G20 Gender Target

• OECD was instrumental in defining the G20 commitment on gender.• A major breakthrough in 2014, under the Australian G20 presidency:

Leaders agreed to reduce the gender gap in labour market participation rates by 25% by 2025 introduced 11 policy principles to improve the quality of employment.

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• This objective could have a “double dividend”: 100 million more women in the labour force Positive effects on productivity

• The OECD, with the ILO, were charged with implementing this commitment which will help achieve the growth targets.

Gender in the G7

• Gender equality has also been in the agenda of the G7.• Under the German presidency, in 2015, G7 countries adopted

principles to boost entrepreneurship among women. • The 2016 Japanese presidency focused on promoting women in STEM

and launched the G7 Women’s Initiative in Developing STEM Career.• The OECD supported presidencies in these efforts and we stand ready

to support the Italian presidency as well.

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Thank you and further information

Contact: [email protected] me: @gabramospOECD Gender Data PortalOECD Closing the Gender Gap - Act Now

www.oecd.org/gender www.genderindex.orgwww.oecd.org/dac/genderdevelopment/aboutgendernet

www.oecd.org/inclusive-growth

OECD Better Life Initiativehttp://www.oecd.org/statistics/how-s-life-23089679.htm

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