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SUBJECT:ENGLISH THEME:SEVEN MIRACLES OF THE ANCIENT WORLD DONE BY: EGLI TAFA

Seven wonders of world

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Page 1: Seven wonders of world

SUBJECT:ENGLISH

THEME:SEVEN MIRACLES OF THE ANCIENT

WORLD

DONE BY: EGLI TAFA

Page 2: Seven wonders of world

Great Wall of

China

Great Wall of China is a series

of fortications made of

stone,brick,tamped earth wood

and other materials,generally

built along an east-to-west line

across historical northern

borders of China in part to

protect the Chinese Empire or

its prototypical states against

intrusionsby various nomadic

groups .The wall built from

220-260BC by the first

Emeperor of China , Qin Shi

Huang.The main Great Wall

line stretches from

Shanhaiguan in the east, to

Lop Lake in the west.This is

made up of 6.259 km.

Page 3: Seven wonders of world

History of Great

Wall

The Chinese were already familiar

with the techniques of wall bulding

by the time of spring and autumn

between the 8th and 5th

centuries.During this time the

states of Qin,Wei,Zhao,Yan all

constructed extensive fortifications

to defend their own borders .Qin

Shi Huang conquered all opposing

states and unifed China.To potion

the empire against the Xiongnu

people from the north, he ordered

the building of new walls to

connect the remaining fortifications

along the empire’s northern

frontier.Transporting the large

material required is difficult.

Page 4: Seven wonders of world

Egyptian

pyramidsThe ancient pyramid-shaped masonry structures located in Egypt.There are 138 pyramids discovered in Egypt as of 2008.Most were built tombs for the country’s Pharaohs and their consorts during the Old and Middle Kindomperiods.The earliest known Egyptian pyramids are found at Saqqara , northwest of Memphis.The earliest among these is the Pyramid of Djoser which was build during the third dynasty.The most famous Egyptian pyramids are those found at Giza, on the outskirts of CarioSeveral of the Giza pyramids.Theestimate of the number of workers to build the pyramids range from a few thousand, twenty thousand and up to 100.000.

Page 5: Seven wonders of world

All Egyptian pyramids were built on the west the Nile, which as the site of the setting sun was associated with the realm of the dead Egyptian mythology.In 1842 Karl Richard Lepsius produced the firt modern list of pyramids-see Lepsius list of pyramids-in which he counted 67.A great many more have since been discovered.As of November 2008, 118 Egyptian pyramids have been identified.The location of Pyramid 29, which Lepsiuscalled the ‘Headless Pyramid’ was lost for a second time when the structure was buried by desert sands.

Page 6: Seven wonders of world

Lighthouse of

Alexandria

The Lighthouse of Alexandria, sometimes called the Pharos of Alexandria was a lofty tower between 280 and 247 BC and between 393 and 450 ft (120 and 137 m) tall. Pharos was a small island just off the coast of the Nile Delta’s western edge. In 332 BC when Alexander the Great founded the city of Alexandria opposite to Pharos, he caused the island to be united to the coast by a mole more than three-quarters of a mile long (1260 m/4,100+ feet) The east side of the mole became the Great Harbour

Page 7: Seven wonders of world

The lighthouse was constructed in the 3rd century BC. After Alexander the Great died of a fever at age 32, the first Ptolemy announced himself king in 305 BC, and commissioned its construction shortly thereafter. The building was finished during the reign of his son, the second Ptolemy . It took 12 years to complete, at a total cost of 800 talentns and served as a prototype for all later lighthouses in the world. Judith McKenzie writes that "The Arab descriptions of the lighthouse are remarkably consistent, although it was repaired a number of times especially after earthquake damage. In 796, the lighthouse may have lost its upper tier, which apparently went without repair for about a century.

Page 8: Seven wonders of world

Hanging Gardens of

Babylon

The Hanging Gardens of Babylon were one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World, and the only one whose location has not been definitely established. Traditionally they were said to have been built in the ancient city of Babylon. According to one legend, Nebuchadnezzar II built the Hanging Gardens for his Median wife, Queen Amytis, because she missed the green hills and valleys of her homeland. He also built a grand palace that came to be known as 'The Marvel of the Mankind'.

Page 9: Seven wonders of world

To date, no archaeological

evidence has been found at

Babylon for the Hanging

Gardens. It is possible that

evidence exists beneath the

Euphrates, which cannot be

excavated safely at present.

The river flowed east of its

current position during the

time of Nebuchadnezzar II,

and little is known about the

western portion of Babylon. A

recent theory proposes that the

Hanging Gardens of Babylon

were actually constructed by

the

Assyrian king Sennacherib (rei

gned 704 – 681 BC) for his

palace at Nineveh.

Page 10: Seven wonders of world

SphynksA sphinx is a mythical creature with, as a minimum, the body of a lion and a human head. Greek tradition, it has the haunches of a lion, sometimes with the wings of a great bird, and the face of a human. It is mythicised as treacherous and merciless.The largest and most famous sphinx is the Great Sphinx of Giza, situated at the Giza Plateau adjacent to the Great Pyramids of Giza on the west bank of the Nile River and facing due east (29°58′31″N 31°08′15″E). The sphinx is located to the east of and below the pyramids.

Page 11: Seven wonders of world

What names their builders gave

to these statues is not known.

the Great Sphinx site, the

inscription on

a stele by Thutmose IV in 1400

BCE, lists the names of three

aspects of the local sun deity of

that period, Khepera–Rê–

AtumPerhaps .The first sphinx

in Egypt was one

depicting Queen Hetepheres II,

of the fourth dynasty that lasted

from 2723 BCE to 2563. She

was one of the longest-lived

members of the royal family of

that dynasty. The Great Sphinx

has become an emblem of

Egypt, frequently appearing on

its stamps, coins, and official

documents

Page 12: Seven wonders of world

ColoseumThe Colosseum or Coliseum, also known as the Flavian Amphitheatre is an elliptical amphitheatre in the centre of the city of Rome, Italy. Built of concrete and stone, it was the largest amphitheatre of the Roman Empire, and is considered one of the greatest works of Romam architecture and engineering. It is the largest amphitheatre in the world. The Colosseum could hold, it is estimated, between 50,000 and 80,000 spectators, and was used for gladiatorial contests and public spectacles such as mock sea battles, animal hunts, executions, re-enactments of famous battles, and dramas based on Classical mythology. The building ceased to be used for entertainment in the early medieval era. It was later reused for such purposes as housing, workshops, quarters for a religious order, a fortress, a quarry, and a Christian shrine.

Page 13: Seven wonders of world

The Colosseum's original Latin name was Amphitheatrum Flavium, often anglicized as Flavian Amphitheater. The building was constructed by emperors of the Flavian dynasty, following the reign of Nero. This name is still used in modern English, but generally the structure is better known as the Colosseum. In antiquity, Romans may have referred to the Colosseum by the unofficial name AmphitheatrumCaesareum (adjective pertaining to the title Caesar), but this name may have been strictly poetic as it was not exclusive to the Colosseum; Vespasian and Titus, builders of the Colosseum, also constructed an amphitheater of the same name in Puteoli (modern Pozzuoli). Construction of the Colosseum began under the rule of the Emperor Vespasian in around 70–72 AD, funded by the spoils taken from the Jewish Temple after the Siege of Jerusalem.

Page 14: Seven wonders of world

ParthenonThe Parthenon Ancient Greek Modern Greek is a former temple on the Athenian Acropolis, Greece, dedicated to the goddess Athena, whom the people of Athens considered their patron. Construction began in 447 BC when the Athenian Empire was at the height of its power. It was completed in 438 BC although decoration of the building continued until 432 BC. It is the most important surviving building of Classical Greece, generally considered the zenith of the Doric order. Its decorative sculptures are considered some of the high points of Greek art. The Parthenon is regarded as an enduring symbol of Ancient Greece, Athenian democracy and western civilization, and one of the world's greatest cultural monuments.

Page 15: Seven wonders of world

The Parthenon itself replaced an older

temple of Athena, which historians

call the Pre-Parthenon or Older

Parthenon, that was destroyed in

the Persian invasion of 480 BC. The

temple is archaeoa

stronomically aligned to the Hyades.

While a sacred building dedicated to

the city's patron goddess, the

Parthenon was actually used primarily

as a treasury. For a time, it served as

the treasury of the Delian League,

which later became the Athenian

Empire. In the 5th century AD, the

Parthenon was converted into

a Christian church dedicated to

the Virgin Mary. The origin of the

Parthenon's name is from the Greek

word (parthenon), which referred to

the "unmarried women's apartments"

in a house and in the Parthenon's case

seems to have been used at first only

for a particular room of the temple. It

is debated which room this is and how

the room acquired its name.