Ⱥȼ. ɄȺɊəȽɂɇȺ ɋɈȼɊȿɆȿɇɇȺə ɂɇɎɈɊɆȺɐɂɈɇɇȺə ɉɊȺȼɈȼȺə ɉɈɅɂɌɂɄȺ ȼ ɊɎ: ɌȿɈɊȿɌɂɄɈɉɊȺȼɈȼɈɃ ȺɋɉȿɄɌ ȼ ɫɬɚɬɶɟ ɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɝɨɫɭ- ɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɚɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ, ɟɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɵɣ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ , ɧɚɩɪɚɜ- ɥɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɚ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɢ ɩɨɬɪɟɛ- ɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ. Ⱦɨɥɝɨɫɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚ- ɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɤ ɧɨɜɨɦɭ ɷɬɚɩɭ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɞɟɦɨɤɪɚɬɢ- ɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɢ ɟɝɨ ɢɧɬɟɝɪɚɰɢɹ ɜ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧ- ɫɬɜɨ. ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɚɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ, ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ, ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ, ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ, ɪɟɤɥɚɦɚ, ɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ. ɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɚɹ ɩɨɥɢ- ɬɢɤɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɩɨɥɢɬɢ- ɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ, ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ, ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨ- ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɦɟɪɨɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ ɝɨɫɭ- ɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɫ ɬɢɬɭ- ɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ ɧɚ ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚ- ɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ, ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɩ. 4 ɫɬ . 29 Ʉɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɢ ɊɎ, ɭɤɚɡɵɜɚɸɳɢɦ, ɱɬɨ «ɤɚɠɞɵɣ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɧɨ ɢɫɤɚɬɶ, ɩɨɥɭɱɚɬɶ, ɩɟɪɟɞɚɜɚɬɶ, ɩɪɨɢɡ- ɜɨɞɢɬɶ ɢ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɬɶ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɸ ɥɸɛɵɦ ɡɚɤɨɧ- ɧɵɦ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɦ», ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɹɹ ɟɺ ɧɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɜɢ- ɬɢɹ ɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ. Ɋɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬ ɞɜɚ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɚ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ : ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ (ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɤɨɦɩɨɧɟɧɬɨɜ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ) ɢ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚ- ɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ (ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɵ ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶ- ɧɨɫɬɢ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɪɨ- ɰɟɫɫɚ). Ɉɛɴɟɤɬɚɦɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɩɟɱɚɬɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ (ɝɚɡɟɬɵ, ɠɭɪɧɚɥɵ, ɤɧɢɝɨɢɡɞɚɧɢɟ); ɪɟɤ- ɥɚɦɧɚɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ; ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɧɧɵɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɚ ɦɚɫɫɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ (ɬɟɥɟɜɢɞɟɧɢɟ, ɪɚɞɢɨ, ɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ ); ɫɪɟɞ- ɫɬɜɚ ɫɜɹɡɢ; ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧ- ɧɚɹ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ. ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɹ ɜɥɢɹɟɬ ɧɚ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ, ɩɫɢɯɢɤɭ, ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ, ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫ ɬɶ ɥɸɞɟɣ, ɟɟ ɫɨɞɟɪ- ɠɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɨɫɢɬɶ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɵɣ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɪɚɜɧɵɣ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪ, ɩɨɷɬɨɦɭ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɭ ɧɭɠɧɨ ɪɚɫɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɢɧɫɬɪɭɦɟɧɬ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ. ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ɩɪɨɢɫɯɨɞɹɬ ɪɚɡɧɨ- ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɛɵɬɢɹ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɩɪɢɜɨɞɹɬ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɤ ɩɨɡɢɬɢɜɧɵɦ, ɧɨ ɢ ɤ ɞɟɫɬɪɭɤɬɢɜɧɵɦ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɹɦ ɜ ɤɨɧɬɟɤɫɬɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɝɨɫɭ- ɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ, ɱɬɨ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɢɧɮɨɪ- ɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɜɨɣɧɚɯ, ɩɫɢɯɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɫɨɰɢɨɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɯ ɤɨɧɮɥɢɤɬɚɯ. ȼ ɯɨɞɟ ɢɯ ɡɚɱɚɫɬɭɸ ɩɪɟɫɥɟɞɭɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɪɵɫɬɧɵɟ, ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ, ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬ - ɧɵɟ, ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢ ɧɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɵ, ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɧɚ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɜɥɚɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɷɥɢɬ ɫ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɢɹ ɢɦɢ ɜɵɝɨɞɧɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɢɧɮɨɪ- ɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɜɟɧɬɨɜ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ. Ⱦɨɥɝɨɫɪɨɱɧɨɣ ɰɟɥɶɸ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɩɟɪɟɯɨɞɚ ɤ ɧɨɜɨɦɭ ɷɬɚɩɭ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ, ɬɟ. ɤ ɩɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɸ ɞɟɦɨɤɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɢɧɮɨɪ- ɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ, ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɚɜɬɨɪɢɬɚɪ- ɧɨɫɬɶ, ɢ ɜɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɫɬɪɚɧɵ ɜ ɦɢɪɨɜɨɟ ɢɧɮɨɪ- ɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɨ. Ƚɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɚɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚ- ɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɚɹ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɷɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɥɢɲɶ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɟɟ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫɧɨɝɨ ɢ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤ- ɬɟɪɚ, ɛɟɡɭɫɥɨɜɧɨɣ ɨɬɤɪɵɬɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚ ɦɢɪɧɨɟ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ. Ʉɨɧɰɟɩɬɭɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɜɨ- ɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ ɪɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟ, ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɦɭ ɟɟ ɮɭɧɞɚɦɟɧɬɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɫɭɳɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɧɨɫɬɶ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɫɜɨɟ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɟ ɢ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɨ, ɱɬɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɢɦɨ ɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɭɩɪɚɜ- ɥɟɧɢɹ ɢɦ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɜɡɚɢɦɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɵ «ɢɧɮɨɪ- ɦɚɰɢɹ±ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤ». ɉɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɦɟɯɚɧɢɡɦɨɜ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬ ɫɜɨɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ, ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ ɭɞɨɜɥɟɬɜɨɪɟɧɢɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɩɨɬɪɟɛ- ɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɮɟɪɟ ɞɨɫɬɭɩɚ ɤ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ ɢ ɟɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɶɡɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɚɯ. ɋɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɹ ɢɧɮɨɪ- ɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɛɟɡɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɚ ɧɚ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɫ ɬɪɚɧɫɬɜɚ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɪɟɤ- ɥɚɦɭ ɢ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ. ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɭɱɢɬɵɜɚɬɶ, ɱɬɨ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɚ – ɷɬɨ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɷɥɟɦɟɧɬ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɭɟɦɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ, ɨɧɚ ɨɩɢɪɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ ɫɥɨɜɚ ɢ ɧɚ ɧɟɟ ɪɚɫɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɸɬɫɹ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɢ ɷɬɨɣ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ. ȼ ɫɜɹɡɢ ɫ ɪɚɞɢɤɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹɦɢ ɜ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɢ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɣ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɨɞɯɨ- ɞɵ ɤ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɚɦ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɵ ɢ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɚɞɟɤɜɚɬɧɵ ɪɟɚɥɶ- ɧɨɦɭ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɸ ɞɟɥ. Ɇɨɞɟɪɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɵ ɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɨɪɢɟɧɬɢɪɨɜɚɧɵ ɧɚ ɜɵɫɬɪɚɢɜɚɧɢɟ ɰɢɜɢɥɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ, ɨɬɪɚ- ɠɚɸɳɢɯ ɠɢɡɧɟɭɬɜɟɪɠɞɚɸɳɢɟ ɰɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɫ ɩɨɫɬɟɩɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɵɬɟɫɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɟɝɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɱɟɪɬ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶ- ɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ, ɫɥɨɠɢɜɲɢɯɫɹ ɜ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɹɯ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɚ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɢ [1]. ɉɨ ɦɧɟɧɢɸ ȾȺɄɨɩɵɬɢɧɚ, «ɩɪɢɱɢ- ɧɚ ɷɬɢɯ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɤɨɜ (ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ – ȺɄ. ) ɤɪɨɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ, ɱɬɨ ɧɟɞɨɫɬɚɬɨɱɧɨ ɢɡɭɱɟɧ ɫɚɦ ɨɛɴɟɤɬ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɝɨ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ – ɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɵɣ ɪɵɧɨɤ, ɟɝɨ ɫɨɞɟɪɠɚɧɢɟ, ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ, ɢɧɮɪɚɫ ɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ, ɫɪɟɞ- ɫɬɜɚ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɹ. ɉɪɢ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɞɨɤɬɪɢɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɹ ɪɹɞɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɳɢɯ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɨɜ ɱɪɟɡɜɵ- ɱɚɣɧɨ ɫɥɨɠɧɨ ɫɮɨɪɦɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚɛɨɪ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜ, ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɥɢ ɛɵ ɜɫɟɫɬɨɪɨɧɧɟɟ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɧɨɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɧɨɝɨ ɪɵɧɤɚ ɜɨ ɜɫɟɯ ɟɝɨ ɚɫɩɟɤɬɚɯ» [2, X]. ɉɨɷɬɨɦɭ, ɩɪɨɜɨɞɹ ɚɧɚɥɢɡ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬ - ɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɤɢ, ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɨɫɨɛɨɟ ɜɧɢɦɚɧɢɟ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɪɟɤɥɚɦɭ, ɤɨɬɨɪɚɹ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɜɫɟ ɛɨɥɶɲɟ ɦɟɫɬɚ ɜ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɦ ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧ- ɫɬɜɟ ɢ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɫɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɣ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ. ɋ
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