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600s, city of Mecca - important stopping point for religious pilgrims, who visited a religious site dedicated to the worship of Abraham

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Page 1: 600s, city of Mecca - important stopping point for religious pilgrims, who visited a religious site dedicated to the worship of Abraham
Page 2: 600s, city of Mecca - important stopping point for religious pilgrims, who visited a religious site dedicated to the worship of Abraham
Page 3: 600s, city of Mecca - important stopping point for religious pilgrims, who visited a religious site dedicated to the worship of Abraham

ORIGINS OF ISLAM 600s, city of Mecca - important stopping

point for religious pilgrims, who visited a religious site dedicated to the worship of Abraham

Page 4: 600s, city of Mecca - important stopping point for religious pilgrims, who visited a religious site dedicated to the worship of Abraham

ORIGINS OF ISLAM Muhammad was born

in Mecca

became a businessman

married a wealthy woman named Khadijah

interested in religion & spent a lot of time in prayer and meditation

Page 5: 600s, city of Mecca - important stopping point for religious pilgrims, who visited a religious site dedicated to the worship of Abraham

ORIGINS OF ISLAM Muslim belief - one night while

Muhammad was meditating, an angel appeared & told him that he was a chosen messenger of god, Allah

The Muslim word for god is Allah.

Page 6: 600s, city of Mecca - important stopping point for religious pilgrims, who visited a religious site dedicated to the worship of Abraham

ORIGINS OF ISLAM Muhammad began to teach that Allah

was the only god.

People who followed Muhammad were called Muslims & practiced the religion of Islam, meaning “submission to Allah.”

Page 7: 600s, city of Mecca - important stopping point for religious pilgrims, who visited a religious site dedicated to the worship of Abraham

BASIC RELIGIOUS BELIEFSPAGE 267

The 5 Pillars: 1. Faith – All Muslims make a testament

of faith, that there is only one god, Allah, and Muhammad is his messenger.

2. Prayer – Face to Mecca and pray 5 times each day.

3. Alms – Give money to the poor. 4. Fasting – Do not eat during daylight

hours in the holy month of Ramadan. 5. Pilgrimage – Travel to Mecca at least

once in your life if you are physically and financially able.

Page 8: 600s, city of Mecca - important stopping point for religious pilgrims, who visited a religious site dedicated to the worship of Abraham

BASIC RELIGIOUS BELIEFS The Qur’an is the holy book of Islamic

belief. Only the Arabic language is spoken in

Muslim prayer.

Page 9: 600s, city of Mecca - important stopping point for religious pilgrims, who visited a religious site dedicated to the worship of Abraham

ISLAMIC SPLIT In 656, a Muslim caliph named Uthman was murdered.

His successor, Ali was also murdered. A family named the Umayyads came to power. They

Moved the capital of the Islamic empire from Mecca, to Damascus.

Page 10: 600s, city of Mecca - important stopping point for religious pilgrims, who visited a religious site dedicated to the worship of Abraham

ISLAMIC SPLIT

A group of Muslims who did not like the rule of the Umayyad family broke away from them. This split Muslims into two groups:

Page 11: 600s, city of Mecca - important stopping point for religious pilgrims, who visited a religious site dedicated to the worship of Abraham

GROWTH OF THE ISLAMIC EMPIRE

Abu-Bakr became the caliph, or religious leader, of the Muslims after Muhammad’s death in 632.

Abu-Bakr declared jihad (religious war), against people who did not follow Islam. Jihad – used to expand the Islamic empire.

A disciplined military & expert commanders aided the Islamic empire in conquest.

Muslims allowed all conquered people to retain religious freedom.

Page 12: 600s, city of Mecca - important stopping point for religious pilgrims, who visited a religious site dedicated to the worship of Abraham

GROWTH OF THE ISLAMIC EMPIRE Abassids (Islamic group) came to power in 750 moved the capital of Islam to Baghdad (Iraq) developed a strong bureaucracy to help manage affairs of

the empire had separate government departments for the treasury,

the management of the military, & foreign affairs created taxes to help fund their empire

Page 13: 600s, city of Mecca - important stopping point for religious pilgrims, who visited a religious site dedicated to the worship of Abraham

TRADE ROUTES Arabian Peninsula - crossroads between Africa, Asia,

& Europe New capital at Baghdad had easy access to

Mediterranean, Indian Oceans, & Silk Road trading route that connected Europe w/ China

Arabian Peninsula used a common language, Arabic, & a common currency

Page 14: 600s, city of Mecca - important stopping point for religious pilgrims, who visited a religious site dedicated to the worship of Abraham

ISLAMIC SCHOLARS

Muhammad believed strongly in the power for learning:

(Medicine) Ibn Sina began working as a doctor at age 18 & became one of Islam’s leading medical scholars. He wrote several books, the most famous of which are The Book of Healing and The Canon of Medicine

(Geography) Ibn Battuta was a famous Muslim explorer. He traveled throughout the known world (farther even than Marco Polo). He recorded his journeys in his book Rihla (meaning “voyage”)