DISABILITY & SOCIAL RESPONSES IN SOME SOUTHERN AFRICAN NATIONS: Angola, Botswana, Burundi, D.R. Congo (ex Zaire), Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Tanzania, Rwanda, Zambia, Zimbabwe. A bibliography, with introduction and some historical items. M. MILES (compiler / annotator), Birmingham, UK. m99miles@hotmail.com Copyright 2003 M.Miles / CIRRIE. All materials may be reproduced for non-commercial purposes to advance educational or scientific research. * ANGOLA, BURUNDI, DR CONGO, MOZAMBIQUE, RWANDA ACHAC (1975) Compte-rendu du Colloque sur les problèmes des handicapés, Goma, Nord-Kivu (Zaïre) du 26 au 28 juin 1974. Bull. de l'ACHAC no. 1. 64 pp. ACHAC (1992) Liste des Centres pour Handicapès de l'Afrique Centrale: Zaïre, Rwanda, Burundi. 8 pp. ANDERSSON, Neil, da SOUSA, Cesar Palha & PAREDES, Sergio (1995) Social cost of land mines in four countries: Afghanistan, Bosnia, Cambodia, and Mozambique. BMJ 311 (16 Sept.95) 718-21. ANGOLA. Gabinete do Plano do Ministerio da Educacao. Anuario estatistico. (annual) Luanda. Association de Personnes Handicapées de Nyankunde (APHN) (1993) Interview sur les problèmes ou difficultés des personnes handicapées à Nyankunde. Unpub. document, APHN. (D.R. Congo) BAKATUBIA M & TALLEYRAND D (1977) Les accidents de l'enfant à Lubumbashi. Problèmes Sociaux Zaïrois (Lubumbashi) 116-117: 113-121. BALDO, Mariella (1987) Discourse patterns in first language use at home and second language use at school: an ethnographic approach. Unpub. PhD thesis, Univ. London. (Mozambique) BASTOS, Inga (1994) Otitis Media and hearing loss among children in developing countries (Angola, Brazil, Tanzania, Philippines). Unpub. PhD thesis, Lunds Univ. (Hearing loss, schoolchildren). BASTOS I, JANZON L, LUNDGREN K & REIMER A (1990) Otitis media and hearing loss in children attending an ENT clinic in Luanda, Angola. Intl J. Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology 20: 137-48. BATUKEZANGA, Zamenga (1979) Homme Comme Toi. Ksa: Assoc. des Centres pour Handicapés en Afrique Centrale. 110 pp.

BATUKEZANGA Z [#] L'Enseignement pour Handicapés au Profit des Valides. Ksa: Kikesa. 77 pp. BATUKEZANGA Z (1981) Guèrir le Malade et la Maladie: l'infirme et son univers en Afrique noire. Ksa: Kikesa. 111 pp. BATUKEZANGA Z (1981) L'education en faveur des handicapés physiques au Zaire. Educafrica (special edn, Dec. 1981): 43-55. Dakar: UNESCO. BEAMISH, Anne & DONOVAN, Will (1987) Vocational Workshops Programme for the Civilian War Disabled and Physically Handicapped in Angola. Toronto: Development Workshop on Building & Planning in the Third World. 169 pp. BJORCK M, JOHANSSON R & KANJI N (1992) Improving the quality of primary care services in Angola. Hlth Policy & Planning 7: 290-95. BOIVIN, Michael J (1997) An ecological paradigm for a health behaviour analysis of "konzo," a paralytic disease of Zaire from toxic cassava. Soc.Sci.M. 45: 1853-62. BOIVIN MJ & GIORDANI, Bruno (1993) Improvements in cognitive performance for schoolchildren in Zaire, Africa, following an iron supplement and treatment for intestinal parasites. J. Pediatric Psychl. 18: 249-64. BOIVIN MJ, GIORDANI B & BORNEFELD B (1995) Use of the Tactual Performance Test for cognitive ability testing with African children. Neuropsychology 9: 409-417. BOIVIN MJ, GIORDANI B, NDANGA, Kisoki, MAKY, Makakala M, MANZEKI, Kafuti M & NGUNU, Ngabanka (1993) Economic advantage and the cognitive ability of rural children in Zaire. J. Psychl. 130: 95-107. BOIVIN MJ, GIORDANI B, NDANGA K, MAKY MM et al (1993) Effects of treatment for intestinal parasites and malaria on the cognitive abilities of schoolchildren in Zaire, Africa. Hlth Psychl. 12: 220-26. BROWN R, SEYFARTH S & BROWN RC (1989) A twelve year follow-up of iodine deficiency in Bulape, Zaire. Annales de la Société Belge de la Médicine Tropicale 69: 251-55. CAIN, Allen (1986) Vocational Workshops Programme for the War Disabled and Physically Handicapped in Angola. Luanda: Development Workshop. CHAPUIS L (1998) Collaboration of stakeholders in disability policies in Rwanda. Unpub. MSc diss., CICH, Univ. London. CHAUQUE J & CHARNLEY H (1994) A Reinegracao do Deficiente Militar em Mocambique. Estudo de caso do Centro IV Congresso. Maputo: Secretaria de Estado de Accao Social, Departamento de Estudos e Documentacao, Nucleo de Estudos.

CHIZUNUGU R (1985) La langue d'instruction et ses incidences sur les performances scolaires et attitudes des écoliers Zairois. # CHUBERRE, Marie (1996) La représentation du Handicap chez les famillies et communauté des enfants handicapés du programe de Malhangalene, Maputo-Mozambique. Univ. de Rennes 1, Dept. Santé Publique. 47 pp. § CLIFFE JL (1980) Health in Mozambique: a select bibliography 1950-1980. London. 29 pp. CORNETT, David J (1990) Communiquons avec les sourds. Bandundu, Zaire, 243 pp. CORNIELJE, Huib, JELSMA, Jennifer & MOYO, Alice (eds) (1999) Proceedings of the Workshop on Research Informed Rehabilitation Planning in Southern Africa, Harare, Zimbabwe, 29 June to 3 July, 1998. Leiden: Leidse Hogeschool; Harare: Univ. Zimbabwe. 125 pp. + diskette. COURTEJOIE J et al [1985] Les Handicapés. Comment mieux vivre avec son handicap? Kangu-Mayombe (Bas Zaire): Bureau d'Etudes et de Recherches pour la Promotion de la Santé. 156 pp. DAVIS-ROBERTS, Christopher (1985) Consciousness in extremity: discourse on madness among the Tabwa of Zaire. Intl J. Psychiatry 20: 569-587. DECEUNINCK D (1993) Early Intervention in Mentally Retarded Children. Manual (3) for the Training-Seminar-Workshop on Rehabilitation in Developing Countries, Butare, Rwanda. v + 122 pp. DECEUNINCK, Dominiek & VANNESTE, Geert (1986) De problematiek in het algemeen en de opvoedingsproblematiek in het bijzonder van de visueel gehandicapten in Rwanda. Leuven. 179 pp. DECEUNINCK D & VANNESTE G (1989) Curriculum Développement des sens restants pour la première année école primaire pour enfants aveugles. [Rwanda]. 18 pp. DECEUNINCK D & VANNESTE G (1989) Curriculum Mobilité pour la première année école primaire pour enfants aveugles. [Rwanda]. 28 pp. DECEUNINCK D & VANNESTE G (1991) Intervention Précoces aupres des Enfants Handicapés Mentaux. Manuel de Formation des Monitrices. A.D.A.R. Rwanda. DECEUNINCK D & VANNESTE G (1993) Early Intervention in Visually Impaired Children. Manual (4) for the Training-Seminar-Workshop on Rehabilitation in Developing Countries, Butare, Rwanda. DELVAUX, Jean-Paul (1970) L'examen de l'intelligence des écoliers de Kinshasa. Ksa: Université Lovanium. 220 pp. DEVLIEGER, Patrick J (1985) Etude socio-culturelle du handicap physique au Kasaïoriental.

(D.R. Congo). DEVLIEGER PJ (1989) De sociaal-culturele betekenis van fysieke afwijking in Oost-Kasai (Zaire). Medische Anthropologie 1 (1) 49-61. DEVLIEGER PJ (1995) Why disabled? The cultural understanding of physical disability in an African society. In: Ingstad & Whyte (eds) (q.v.) 94-106. (Zaire) DEVLIEGER PJ (2000) The logic of killing disabled children: infanticide, Songye cosmology, and the colonizer. In: J Hubert (ed) Madness, Disability and Social Exclusion. The archaeology and anthropology of 'difference', 159-167. London: Routledge. Directory of National Committees on Disability, or Similar Bodies, 1991. Vienna: UN Centre for Soc. Dev. & Humanitarian Affairs. (Entries for Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe.) EKOLELE & TWAGIRAYESU I (1985) La rééducation des sourds-muet. In: ACHAC. Rapport 6ème Assemblé générale. Bujumbura. ERPICUM D (1959) Tests mentaux et résultats scolaires chez les enfants congolais. Revue de Psychologie Appliquée 9: 11-21. ERTING CJ, JOHNSON RC, SMITH DL & SNIDER BD (1994) The Deaf Way. Perspectives from the International Conference on Deaf Culture [1989]. Washington DC: Gallaudet UP. FERUZI M & KOYABEYA M-T (1987) Infirmité physique et retard scolaire dans les écoles primaires à Kisangani. Études (Institute supérieur pedagogique de Buta) 16-17: 269-81. (D.R. Congo) FINKELSTEIN, Vic & ZINKIN, Pam (1991) Considerations for the Development of a National Disability Policy. Consultancy Report. Maputo, Secretariat of State for Soc. Action (SEAS). FORTES, Filomeno (1999) Country report: Angola. In: Cornielje et al (eds) Proceedings (q.v.) 86-87. GOBLET-VANORMELINGEN, Veronique (1993) La maison du mbombo: rite thérapeutique pour les enfants à hauts risques dans le Zaire rural. Soc.Sci.M. 37: 241-52. HARKNETT, Steve G (1995) Disabled People in the Community: a study of a small town in North-East Zaïre. Kampala: UNISE. HARKNETT SG (1996) Cultural factors in the definition of disability. A community study in Nyankunde, Zaïre. AJSNE 1 (1) 18-24. HJERMANN, Reidar K (1995) Child Soldiers: Psychological reaction and possibilities for rehabilitation. Abo, Finland: Abo Akademi Univ. (Mozambique).

HONWANA, Alcinda Manuel (1999) Appeasing the spirits: healing strategies in postwar Southern Mozambique. In: JR Hinnells & R Porter (eds) Religion, Health and Suffering, 237-255. London: Kegan Paul Intl. HOWARD J (1993-94) La théologie chrétienne du handicap. Revue Zaïroise de Théologie Protestante 7/8: 87-102. HUCKSTEP, Ronald L (1969) La poliomyélite: un guide simple (transl. from English). Bureau d'études et de recherches pour la promotion de la Santé. Kangu, Zaïre. 143 pp. HYTTEN, Eyvind (1984) Report of a Mission to the People's Republic of Angola, 8-22 Dec. 1984. Report of Disabled Persons Unit, UNCSDHA, Vienna. JANSSENS PG (1991) La lèpre au Zaïre: une prise de conscience hésitante. Annales Belge de l'histoire de la médecine 4 (2) 72-85. JOHNSON TF (1974) Infertility and high infant mortality as reflected in Tsonga songtexts concerned with childrearing. Acta Ethnographica (Budapest) 23: 105-113. [incl. Mozambique] KANIMBA-MISAGO (1980) La naissance des enfants dans la zone d'Ingende, région de l'Equateur, Zaïre. Anthropos (Freiburg) 75: 465-85. KANJI, Najmi & HARPHAM, Trudy (1992) From chronic emergency to development: an analysis of the health of the urban poor in Luanda, Angola. Intl J. Hlth Serv. 22: 349-63. KARLSON, Lena (1993) Guia Para a Iniciação de Projectos Productivos nos Programas de Reabilitação Profissional: Material de trabalho destinado às pessoas reabilitadas através do sistema naccional de reabilitação profissional na República de Angola. Geneva: ILO. KINGOMBE MK (1975) Approche du problème de l'intégration des handicapés physiques et recherche d'une perspective au Zaire. T.F.E., Institut supérieur des sciences humaines appliquées, Brussels. KLAUKE DN, LOBANOV A, OKWO-BELE JM & BARAKAMFITIYE D (1997) Status of polio eradication in the seven countries of the Eastern Africa Epidemiological Block. J Infectious Disease (Feb) 175 Suppl. 1:S16-19. Review on progress in Burundi, Eritrea, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda & Zambia. KNIEL A (1995) The present situation of former pupils from schools for the mentally retarded: experiences from four countries in Western and Central Africa. IJRR 18: 357-61. (D.R. Congo, Togo, Ivory Coast & Cameroon). KOLUCKI, Barbara (1995) Para uma mudance de atitute: Manual de comunicacao sobre a deficiencia na infancia. Maputo: UNICEF. KOLUCKI B (1996) Different and Equal. A Review of Peace Education Projects from Mozambique, Liberia, Sri Lanka and Lebanon. Reflections for Others. [UNICEF]. ii + 62.

KYOMBA, Katako M, BOKOTA, Lomaliza & MIHIA, Bamwisho (1988) L'école maternelle et la stimulation des fonctions psychomotrices. Scientia Paedagogica Experimentalis 25 (1) (D.R. Congo). LEON, Gérard [1989] Situation of the Disabled Children and Women Victims of Armed Conflicts in Angola and Mozambique. Luanda: Rehab. Intl & UNICEF. LUIS A (1991) Deficientes, que passos para a sua integracào na sociedade? Tempo 1070 (14 April) 9-11. (Mozambique) MAHANIA, K.M. (1977) [Psychotherapy in the traditional medical system and prophetism among the Kong of Zaire] (French). Psychopathologie Africaine 13: 149-96. MAKATI-NDALA, Lorraine Tebogo (1998) Report: Disability and Human Rights Workshop, Gabarone, Botswana, 21-25 July 1998. Bulawayo: SAFOD. 47 pp. (Inc. Angola, Botswana, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe, etc) MALANDA DEM (1974) Le dévelloppement mental des enfants sourds-muet à Bandundu, Zaire. Kinshasa. MARRATO, Josefa G (1992) Condicoes de enquadramento familiar da crianca deficiente mental. Diss., Instituto Superior Pedagogico, Faculdade de Ciencias Pedagogicas, Maputo. MARTIN L (1990) Réadaptation communautaire et participation diverse: familiale, sociale, communautaire, chrétienne, ONG, Etat. In: ACHAC. Actes de la 8ème Assemblé générale, 40-43. MARTIN L (1992) La réadaptation des personnes handicapées. In: PG Janssens, M Kivits & J Vuylsteke (eds) Médecine et Hygiène en Afrique Centrale de 1885 à nos jours I: 561-90. 2 vols. Brussels: Fndn Roi Baudoin. (Mostly D.R. Congo) MEDI, Elena (1989) Reabilitaçao dos diminuidos en Mocambique, 19 Dezembro 1988 - 29 Marco 1989. (Consultancy report to Save the Children Fund, London, UK. Version exists in English). MEDI E (1993) Proposta de Curso de Capacitacao para organizadores provinciais de programas de Atendimento Baseado no Communidade (ABC). Maputo, Secretariat of State for Soc. Action (SEAS). MEDI E (1997) How Can a Disability Programme Based in the Ministry for Social Action Help Disabled Children's education? Education and Disabled Children in Mozambique, and the case of Deaf Children. A Primary Education Booklet Theme Paper. London: Save the Children Fund (UK). MEDI E (1998) A Study of Vocational Rehabilitation, Training and Employment Progranmmes for Persons Disabled By Conflict: experiences and issues from Angola. Geneva: ILO. 43 pp. isbn 9221109569 § MELLOTT, Noal (1981) Bibliographie spécialisée, l'enfance en milieu traditionnel en

Afrique noire. J. des Africanistes 51: 293-316. MILES S (1995) The deaf dilemma. CBR News 20: 10. (Educ. for deaf people in Mozambique). MILES S (1996) Engaging with the disability rights movement: the experience of community-based rehabilitation in southern Africa. Disab. & Socy 11: 501-17. (Incl. Zimbabwe, Mozambique) MILES S & MEDI E (1994) Disabled children in post-war Mozambique: developing community based support. Disasters. J. Disaster Studies and Management 18: 284-91. MONGU L (1991) La traitement physiotherapique du Zoma. Homme comme toi 4/1991: 2-5. MOZAMBIQUE. Relatório Final. Seminário Sobre Reabilitaçao dos Deficientes 9 a 11 de Pevereiro 1982. [Min. Hlth, Mozambique]. 17 pp. MOZAMBIQUE. Ministerio da Coordenacao da Accao Social, Relatorio da Avaliacao de Medio Prazo do Programa de ABC, 27 Marco - 15 Abril 1995. Maputo. MOZAMBIQUE. Ministerio da Educacao (1990) The training of teachers for psychological rehabilitation of children affected by war: the Mozambique example. Maputo: Min. Educ. & UNICEF. MOZAMBIQUE. Min. Hlth (1984) Mantakassa: an epidemic of spastic paraparesis associated with chronic cyanide intoxication in a cassava staple area of Mozambique. Bull. WHO 62: 477-92. MUIANGA, Lucena (1995) Rehabilitation and empowerment of children in difficult circumstances: the experiences of Mozambique. In: J Balch et al (q.v.) 149-58. MUKAMURAMA D (1985) La notion d'intelligence - ubwenge dans la culture Rwandaise. Mémoire de licence, Univ. Fribourg. MULITSO, Kamate & MBUKANI, Kasongo K (1981) Aspirations and integration of the disabled in the Kivu, Zaire. Assignment Children 53/54: 185-95. MUREBYANGANGO B (1985) La réhabilitation des malades mentaux, des handicapés mentaux et des handicapés physiques. ACHAC. 6ème Assemblé. 4 pp. MWENENE, Mulweso (1975) Le dessin de la famille chez l'enfant wagenie. Revue Zaïroise de Psychologie et de Pédagogie 4: 97-108. NANIWE, Assumpta (1994) The deaf child in Burundi society. In: Erting et al (eds) The Deaf Way (q.v.) pp. 574-581. NEVES, Angelina (1992) Nos todos somos diferentes (We Are All Different.) Maputo: Govt. Mozambique, Office of Secretary of State for Social Action (SEAS), & UNICEF. (Series of booklets in Portuguese)

NEVES, Angelina (1992) Nos tambem queremos viver (We Want To Live.) Maputo: Govt. Mozambique, Office of Secretary of State for Social Action (SEAS), & UNICEF. NKAKUDULU BK (1981) Conception d'une réadaptation globale des handicapés dans les services communautaires de base au Zaïre et au Rwanda. Thesis, Faculty of Medicine, IEP, Univ. Catholique de Louvain. 258 pp. NKAKUDULU H (1967) Effort de lutte contre la poliomyélite au Congo-Kinshasa. Memoire de licence. IEP, Univ. Catholique de Louvain. 134 pp. OSOKONDA, Okenge (1975) Les enfants anormaux chez les Atetela. Mémoire de Licence, UNAZA, Campus de Lubumbashi. OSOKONDA O (1979) Du concept d'anormalité: essai de catégorisation des enfants anormaux chez les Atetela du Sankuru. Problèmes Sociaux Zaïrois 124-125: 91-107. PALME, Mikael (1993) The Meaning of School Repetition and Drop Out in the Mozambican Primary School. Stockholm: SIDA. 79 pp. PATTYN S & DELVILLE J (1992) Poliomyélite. In: PG Janssens, M Kivits & J Vuylsteke (eds) Médecine et Hygiène en' Afrique Centrale de 1885 à nos jours, II: 1331-33. 2 vols. Brussels: Fndn Roi Baudoin. (Mostly D.R. Congo) PAUWELS, Johan (1975) L'introduction de la notion d'enfant adultérin en droit africain; application au droit zairois. Recueils de la Société Jean Bodin 35 (Part I): 31-51. § POUX B (1982) Psychiatrie en Afrique au sud du Sahara: contribution bibliographique internationale. Paris: Ecole des hautes études en sciences sociales. 50 pp. RIBIERO, Fernando & CHAI-CHAI, Marcelina (1999) Country report: Mozambique. In: Cornielje et al (eds) Proceedings (q.v.) 98-101. RICHMAN, Naomi (1995) Violence and disabled children. In: P Zinkin & H McConachie (eds) Disabled Children & Developing Countries, 203-13. London: Mac Keith. (Mozambique & general) ROBERTS S, WILLIAMS J & SPENCER D (1995) After the Guns Fall Silent: the enduring legacy of landmines. Washington DC: Vietnam Veterans of America Fndn. 554 pp. (Includes Angola & Mozambique) RUHANGINTWARI S (1991) L'infirmité motrice cérébrale. Homme comme toi 3/1991: 2-6. RÜTTIMANN, Rita (1981) Heilpädagogische Bemühungen in Zaire. In: Vierteljahresschrift f. Heilpädagogik und Ihre Nachbargebiete. RWANTABAGU, Hermenegilde (1985) A comparative study of language policy in primary education in multilingual African countries: with special reference to Uganda and Zaire since 1960. Unpub. PhD thesis, Univ. London. 562 pp.

Séminaire sous-régional sur l'éducation des handicapés mentaux dans les pays francophones d'Afrique. (Brazzaville, Congo, 24-28 novembre 1980 - Rapport final) Educafrica (UNESCO) (special edn, Dec. 1981) 29-38. SIMONNOT, Claude (1988) Supervision Report for the Mozambican Programme. Lyon: Handicap Intl. Special Edition: Angola 85-86. International Commmittee of the Red Cross Bulletin, Jan. 1986. SURURU, Adolphe (1994) Transmitting cultural values within the Burundi deaf community. In: Erting et al (eds) The Deaf Way (q.v.) pp.94-96. TELLMAN A (1972) La situation des sourds en Afrique, en particulier au Zaire, entendre avec les yeux. Geneva: Edition Labor et Spes. Paris: Libraire protestante. TEMBE, Francisco M (1994) Action plan on the course design for the training of provincial CBS (Community Based Support) teams in Mozambique. Unpub. course work, CBR Diploma, Instt. Child Hlth, London. THIBAUD A (1992) Les villages Bondeko pour enfants handicapés à Kinshasa. Zaire-Afrique 269: 545-56. THILLY C (1992) Goitre. In: PG Janssens, M Kivits & J Vuylsteke (eds) Médecine et Hygiène en Afrique Centrale de 1885 à nos jours, II: 663-74. 2 vols. Brussels: Fndn Roi Baudoin. (Mostly D.R. Congo) TOMO, Cristina DM (1991) Teachers' attitudes and understanding of special education and special educational needs in the context of Mozambique. Unpub. MA diss., Univ. London, Instt. Educ. 100 pp. TORRES P (1991) Problems and situation of the disabled community in Inhambane. Maputo: Halo Trust. TRONICK, Edward Z et al (1992) The Efe forager infant and toddler's pattern of social relationships: multiple and simultaneous. Developmental Psychl. 28: 568-77. (D.R. Congo). UNICEF & MOZAMBIQUE, Govt. (1994) The Situation of Women and Children in Mozambique. Maputo: Min. Cooperation & National Planning Commission. VANNESTE G (1992) Community-Based Rehabilitation for Blind Persons. Manual (2) for the Training-Seminar-Workshop on Rehabilitation in Developing Countries, Butare, Rwanda. iii + 74 pp. VANNESTE G (1993) Towards Comprehensive Community-Based Rehabilitation Programmes. Manual (1) for the Training-Seminar-Workshop on Rehabilitation in Developing Countries, Butare, Rwanda. 2nd edn. ii + 155 + i.

VANNESTE G (1993) ADAR (Association pour le Développement Intégral des Aveugles et d'autres Handicapés au Rwanda). Butare: ADAR. 29 pp. VANNESTE G (1994) Singing in the Rain. Demystifying 'Community-Based Rehabilitation' into realistic objectives of rehabilitation for disabled people living within their families. Butare, Rwanda. 8 pp. VENTURINI, Ernesto (1980) La problématique de la santé mentale au Mozambique. Psychopathologie Africaine 16: 285-307. VERDIER, Raymond (1975) Introduction à l'étude du statut juridique de l'enfant dans le droit ancien et moderne de l'afrique noire francophone et à Madagascar. Recueils de la Société Jean Bodin 35, Part I: 9-21. VERHAEGEN P (1967) School readiness as a function of age among Congolese African children. Psychologia Africana 11: 151-56. § VERHEUST T (1980) Bibliographies analytiques sur l'Afrique centrale. Tome IV: L'éducation en République du Zaire 1960-1979. Brussels: CEDAF. 285 pp. WERNER, David (1991) Visit to Angola: where civilians are disabled as a strategy of LIC ("Low Intensity Conflict"). In: D Drieger (ed) Disabled People in International Development, 37-39. Winnipeg: COPOH. (Reprint from Vox Nostra No.1, 1990) WERNER D (1997) Making wheelchairs from trash: innovations in war-torn Angola. In: Nothing About Us Without Us. Developing innovative technologies for, by, and with disabled persons, 173-82. Palo Alto: Healthwrights. 350 pp.