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Minerals of the Earth’s CrustChapter 3

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CRCT Preparation


Chapter 3 CRCT Preparation

1. Which of the following definitions best describes a mineral?

A a substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means

B a substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds

C a naturally formed, inorganic solid that has a definite crystalline structure

D a solid whose atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite pattern



1. Which of the following definitions best describes a mineral?

A a substance that cannot be separated or broken down into simpler substances by chemical means

B a substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds

C a naturally formed, inorganic solid that has a definite crystalline structure

D a solid whose atoms, ions, or molecules are arranged in a definite pattern



2. Which of the following substances is a mineral?

A coal, which forms from the remains of living things

B fluorite, which is a crystalline solid with the chemical formula CaF2

C obsidian, which is a volcanic glass and is not crystalline

D brass, which is a metal that is made by humans



2. Which of the following substances is a mineral?

A coal, which forms from the remains of living things

B fluorite, which is a crystalline solid with the chemical formula CaF2

C obsidian, which is a volcanic glass and is not crystalline

D brass, which is a metal that is made by humans



3. Minerals that contain one of more elements combined with silicon and oxygen are called

A sulfides.

B silicates.

C oxides.

D halides.



3. Minerals that contain one of more elements combined with silicon and oxygen are called

A sulfides.

B silicates.

C oxides.

D halides.



Use the table to answer question 4.

4. On the Mohs hardness scale, which of the following minerals is harder than topaz?

A apatite

B talc

C corundum

D quartz



Use the table to answer question 4.

4. On the Mohs hardness scale, which of the following minerals is harder than topaz?

A apatite

B talc

C corundum

D quartz



5. Which of the following is a nonsilicate mineral?

A orthoclase, KAlSi3O8

B talc, Mg3Si4O10(OH)2

C almandine, Fe3Al2(SiO4)3

D magnetite, Fe3O4



5. Which of the following is a nonsilicate mineral?

A orthoclase, KAlSi3O8

B talc, Mg3Si4O10(OH)2

C almandine, Fe3Al2(SiO4)3

D magnetite, Fe3O4



6. Which of the following is NOT a way to reduce the impact of mining?

A recycling products that are made from minerals

B reducing the use of minerals to make products

C reclaiming land that has been disturbed by mining

D inventing new things to make out of minerals



6. Which of the following is NOT a way to reduce the impact of mining?

A recycling products that are made from minerals

B reducing the use of minerals to make products

C reclaiming land that has been disturbed by mining

D inventing new things to make out of minerals



7. Which of the following minerals can be identified by taste?

A magnetite

B fluorite

C calcite

D halite



7. Which of the following minerals can be identified by taste?

A magnetite

B fluorite

C calcite

D halite



8. Minerals such as gypsum and halite form

A from hot water solutions.

B when a rock is altered by metamorphism.

C when bodies of salt water evaporate.

D from the cooling of magma that rises upward through the crust.



8. Minerals such as gypsum and halite form

A from hot water solutions.

B when a rock is altered by metamorphism.

C when bodies of salt water evaporate.

D from the cooling of magma that rises upward through the crust.



9. Why are gemstones valuable?

A They can be used in concrete and to build buildings.

B They are good conductors of heat and electricity.

C They are beautiful and rare.

D They taste good.



9. Why are gemstones valuable?

A They can be used in concrete and to build buildings.

B They are good conductors of heat and electricity.

C They are beautiful and rare.

D They taste good.



Use the table to answer Question 10.

10. Which of the following terms correctly completes the entry in the table?

A sulfate

B oxide

C carbonate

D halide



Use the table to answer Question 10.

10. Which of the following terms correctly completes the entry in the table?

A sulfate

B oxide

C carbonate

D halide



11. What is the difference between an element, a mineral, and a rock?



11. Answer - Full-credit answers should include the following points:

• Elements are pure substances that cannot be broken down into smaller substances by ordinary chemical means.

• Some elements, such as gold, aluminum, or iron, can be minerals because they are solid, crystalline, and naturally formed by inorganic processes.

• All minerals are made of one or more elements.

• Rocks are made of one or more minerals.



12. A chemical analysis of a mineral sample shows its chemical composition as SiO2. In what group of minerals does this sample belong? How do you know?



12. Answer - Full-credit answers should include the following points:

• The sample is a silicate mineral.

• The sample is made of silicon and oxygen, which are found in all silicate minerals.

• Non-silicate minerals do not contain combinations of silicon and oxygen.

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