Ancient GreecePacket Guide

Map

Color the map. Make sure all of Greece is ONE color. Label the island of Crete Label the bodies of water

› -Aegean Sea› Mediterranean Sea› Ionian Sea

The Greeks Worksheets Greek Contributions:

› Temple building and columns› Philosophy› Mathematics› Ideal proportion of human bodies› Astronomy› Military Strategies› Theatre› Olympics› Mythology

The Greeks Worksheets Greeks thought their temples were homes to

gods, not just places to worship. Building materials used include wood, brick,

stone (marble and limestone). Simple rectangular building on an acropolis,

or high point in a city. Built between 447BC-438BC From the top step rose the Peristyle or row of

Doric Columns. The columns supported a stone tablature that

supported a wooden roof. The frieze is a low relief marble sculpture and

there are many in Ancient Greece.

The Greeks Worksheets The Parthenon has two

rooms.› Opisthodemos, a smaller room

used as a treasury.› Cella (Naos), the larger room

where an oversized statue of Athena was located.

Some key features in many Greek works of architecture include:› Friezes› Portico (porch leading into

temple entrance)› Entasis (convex curve)

The Greeks Worksheets The Greeks did not like the cold whiteness of

the marble buildings and painted things or carved pictures inside.

Like all Greek buildings, the parts of the Parthenon were designed to be:› A mathematically perfect work› A testament to Greek progression› Strong in order to last a long time

The Parthenon was built on the Acropolis, or a high plateau on the edge of Athens.

On the western edge of the Acropolis there was the Temple of Nike, a sacred cave, and a main gate.

The Greeks Worksheets There is a hill crowned with Athena’s

sacred temple. Some other facts about the Acropolis:

› It was originally built for defense.› Greeks would be able to view enemies from

the high points.› It was first excavated between 1835 and

1837.› It has decayed a lot due to air pollution.› Many artifacts and artworks were taken by

Lord Elgin of Britain.› 80m high, 150m wide, and 350m long.

The Greeks Worksheets The subject of the

frieze was a parade or some sort of procession.

It is broken into sections that coincide with each other.

Animals and people are shown but the true meaning is still debated.

It’s construction was supervised by Pheidias.

The Greeks Worksheets DORIC: Thicker and shorter columns.

› They stand directly on flat pavement.› Usually have 2o concave grooves.› Usually have a flare at the top.› Main column used in the Parthenon.

IONIC: Taller and slimmer› Curlicues called volutes› 4 Ionic columns supported the Parthenon’s roof› Originated in the 6th century BC in Ionia.› Stands on pedestals

CORINTHIAN: Most ornate and slender› Made more famous in Roman architecture› Derived from the Ionian order.

The Greeks Worksheets Examples of

artworks:Discobolus or Discus

Thrower by Myron.

Doryphorus or Spear Bearer by Polykleitos.

The Greeks Worksheets Dramatic and often violent images

created with skill and confidence. Beauty was less important than the

display of During the Classical Period they

achieved near perfection in balance, proportion, and sense of movement.

During Hellenistic times The Greeks wanted to make their

sculptures look realistic and they eventually acquired the skills to do so.

Greek Contributions Theater – Celebrated in Dionysia. Created

comedy, tragedy, and satyr. Also developed the use of masks and large theaters.

Recorded History – Herodotus is called the father of history as he wrote about the real world even if it was exaggerated.

Democracy – Athenian leaders developed the concept of one (free) man one vote.

Education – Schools for philosophy and mathematics were established all over Greece.

Greek Contributions Olympics – Dates back to 776BC.

Originally held in Olympia. Many events are still done today.

Architecture – Stone buildings with columns were also used in Rome and today.

Mythology – Many intricate stories have been told and are still continued today.

Military Strategy – Advancements in armor and technique were made by Greeks, especially the Spartans.