Epithelial tissues

Connective Tissues

Nervous Tissues

Muscle tissues

Good quiz site: http://www.gen.umn.edu/faculty_staff/jensen/1135/webanatomy/

Made of vessels that align with circulatory system vessels

Lymphatic vessels contain:

1. Lymph (a clear, watery fluid)

2. Lymphocytes (cells that fight infections.)

Large amount of lymphocytes form Lymph nodes that filter the blood

Functions of this system:

1. Collect and return fluid in blood

2. Fight infections using lymphocytes.

Functions: Maintain homeostasis by keeping water balance (osmoregulation) and removing wastes

Osmoregulation: The absorption and excretion of water and solutes to maintain water balance

1. Hyposmotic example -- Freshwater Fish, low salt diet so they….

2. Hyperosmotic example -- Marine fish, high salt diet, so they…

Contractile Vacuoles in paramecium

Flame cells in planaria

Malphigian tubules in insects

Kidneys in Vertebrates

U re tha

B la d d er

U re te r

K id n ey

R e n a l A rte ry

Flow of filtrate (waste fluid)

Aquatic animals (fish, amphibians, some reptiles) -- secrete ammonia (NH3) directly

Mammals convert ammonia to Urea (less toxic so uses less water)

Birds, Insects, land reptiles -- use Uric Acid (forms a solid waste, uses least amount of water.)

A glomerulus (bunch of capillaries) is found at the beginning of each nephron

Parts of a nephron:1. Bowman’s Capsule2. Proximal convulated tubule3. Loop of Henle4. The distal convulated

tubule5. Collecting Duct

1 Blood flows into the glomerus.

2. Water, glucose, urea and salts pass through the capillary wall and into the proximal tubule.

3. Protein molecules and blood cells are too big so they stay in the blood.

4. The remaining fluid (called filtrate) passes along the tubule through the loop of Henle.

5. All of the glucose and most of the water and salts are reabsorbed by the blood and leave through the renal vein.

6. Urea and other unwanted substances stay dissolved in the filtrate. They move up the distal tubule, through the collecting duct which joins the ureter.

Filtration: Blood is filtered into

Bowman’s capsule Reabsorption: The good stuff is retained

by the body (salts, glucose, amino acids)

Secretion: H+, potassium, and

ammonium ions move from the blood to the filtrate while it is in the convulated tubules

Urine Concent-ration Increases

Antidiuretic Homone (ADH or Vasopressin)Stimulates reabsorption of water at the

collecting duct (when you’re dehydrated)

Aldosterone: Increases salt (Na+) absorption, which increases water absorption.

Your skin contains sweat glands that not only help you cool off with sweat, but also help you remove excess salts!