Β Oxidation

↑Electron Donors

Electron Transport Chain

↑FADH2

↑ O2-

TCA Cycle

↑FFA

↑ NADH+H+NAD+

e-

Complex I

Complex IIIComplex II

Complex IVQ-

e-

e-

e-

FAD

02468

101214

FMD (%)O

W

Ob

Chl

d

Met

Syn

d

Dia

bete

s

Hea

rt D

is

Pre-TrainingPost-Training

Hamby et al, Diabetes Care 26:2119-2125, 2003Watts, et al, Journal Pediatrics 144:620-625, 2004Walsh, et al, JAP 95:20-25, 2003

EXERCISE IMPROVES ENDOTHELIAL FUNCTION

NITRIC OXIDE

i

Eight weeks of training in healthy adults

Maeda, et al. Life Sciences 69:1005-1016, 2001

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Before After

Arte

rial H

ealth

(FM

D) High Fat

Low Fat

HFM &Exercise

Padilla, et al., European Journal of Applied Physiology, 98:256-262, 2006

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Pre-Meal Post-Meal

FMD

(%)

InactiveActive

Padilla, et al. Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise, in press.

7.47.67.8

88.28.48.68.8

99.29.4

Pre-Meal Post-Meal

SOD

Activ

ity

InactiveActive

Fly, et al. Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise, in press.

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Pre-Meal Post-Meal

FMD

(%)

InactiveActive

Padilla, et al. Medicine and Science in Sport and Exercise, in press.

Pre-Meal Post-Meal7.47.67.8

88.28.48.68.8

99.29.4

SOD

Act

ivity

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Baseline Post Exercise

FMD (%)SedentaryActive

Harris, et al, Obesity, 2008

Active & Inactive

Overweight MenFMD

ResponseTreadmillExercise

Oxidative Source

Oxidative Stress( 8 PG F2alpha)

Endothelial Function

Single Physical Activity Session

NO bioavailability Blood Flow

Anti-inflammatory

Myokine( IL-6)

Inflammatory Stress( TNF-alpha)

Antioxidant Defense(SOD)

Insulin Resistance

Visceral Fat ( TNF-alpha)

SystemicInflammation

( CRP)

Habitual Physical Activity

Insulin Resistance