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Ch. 9Unit 3, Progressivism
SECTION 1, ORIGINS OF PROGRESSIVISM
Progressive Movement- aimed to restore economic opportunities and correct injustices in American life.
GOALS: Protecting social welfare Promoting moral improvement Creating economic reform Fostering efficiency
Protecting Social Welfare:
Goal: Soften some of the harsh conditions of industrialization Help poor through community centers,
churches, and social services Young Men’s Christian Association (YMCA)-
opened libraries, offered classes, built swimming pools and handball courts
Salvation Army- fed poor people in soup kitchens, cared for children, sent “slum brigades” to instruct poor immigrants
Florence Kelly- advocate for improving lives of women and children
Promoting Moral Improvement:
Goal: Wanted to see immigrants and poor city dwellers to uplift themselves by improving their personal behavior. Prohibition- banning of alcoholic
beverages▪ Women’s Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) ▪ Viewed alcohol as a source of problems▪ Entered saloons and sung, prayed, & urged
saloonkeepers to stop the sale of alcohol▪ Fought for more say for women (Suffrage
Movement)
Creating Economic Reform:
Goal: Questioning of the capitalist system and shift towards socialist ideas. Eugene V. Debs- organized the American
Socialist Party▪ focused on the uneven balance among big business, government, and ordinary people under capitalism.
Journalists began writing about the corrupt side of business and public life (muckrakers)
Fostering Efficiency:
Goal: Leaders placed controls in hands of experts and scientists to make society and the workplace more efficient. Lawyer Louis D. Brandeis (“Brandeis
brief”)- in legal argument focused on data to show the high costs of longer work hours for individuals and society
Scientific management- study of time and motion to see how quickly tasks can be performed within manufacturing
At the end of your online assignment
Which president was in power when women finally got the right to vote?
On the back of your quiz…
Who gained more rights as a result of state reforms?
Theodore Roosevelt
Background:Held state positions in New YorkAdvocated for war with Spain in 1898
Took his volunteer cavalry brigade, Rough Riders▪ Won acclaim at the battle at San Juan Hill in Cuba▪ Returned to the U.S. as a hero
He was never slotted to become president Ran with McKinley as Vice President McKinley won election and was assassinated
after only 6 mos.
Bold Actions:Youngest president to serve (42 years old) Used his popularity and personality to
advance programs Promoted the idea that the federal
government was responsible for the social welfare of citizens
Saw presidency as a “bully pulpit”- he could influence media and shape legislation
Focused on idea of a Square Deal If big business victimized workers, the
common people would be helped Term was used for his progressive reforms
Using Federal Power: 1902 Coal Strike
140,000 coal miners in Pennsylvania went on strike ▪ Demanded 20% raise, 9 hr work day, and the right to form a union▪ After 5 months, Roosevelt called both sides to the White House ▪ TR threatened to take over mines▪ Both sides agreed to arbitration, or a third party mediator▪Miners won 10% pay raise, 9 hr. work day, but could not strike for 3 years▪ This set precedent that if a strike threatened public welfare, the federal government was expected to intervene
Railroad Regulation 1887, Interstate Commerce Act ▪ Established to regulate railroads who were abusing their power▪ The commission had little power
1903, Roosevelt passed the Elkins Act▪ Shippers could not receive rebates from companies▪ Rates could not be changed without notifying public
1906, Roosevelt passed the Hepburn Act▪ Limited distribution of free railroad passes (form of bribery)▪ Gave ICC power to set maximum rates
The Business of Selling Pencils
1ST TIME How many pencils did
your receive for your money?
How many pencils were you able to sell?
Why did you choose one vendor over another?
Was it difficult or hard to sell the pencils?
Does it make a difference that they were all selling the same product?
2ND TIME
How easy or difficult was it for you to acquire pencils?
How did the vendor change his/her selling tactics?
What are some problems with this situation?
Political Cartoons and Trusts:
Identify any objects/words
Identify symbols and meaning
What perspective does the artist take? How do you know?
What is the overall message the artist is trying to portray?
WILLIAM
HOWARD TAFT
Election of 1912RepublicansWilliam Taft (incumbent- holder of the office)
Bull Moose Party- Progressive Party renamed for Roosevelt “strong as a bull moose”
WOODROW WILSON
DemocratsWoodrow WilsonPlatform: New Freedom- stronger antitrust legislation, banking reform, and reduced tariffs▪Supported small business, free market competition, and opposed monopolies
Split between Taft and Roosevelt weakened the Republican party
Wilson wins election!
Wilson’s New Freedom Financial Reforms
Antitrust ▪ “There can be no fair play between individuals and powerful institutions”▪ Clayton Antitrust Act (1914)- prohibited corporations from acquiring the stock of another if it would create a monopoly▪Allowed for labor unions- strikes, peaceful picketing, and boycotts legalized
▪ Federal Trade Commission (FTC)- a “watchdog”, given power to investigate possible violations and put an end to unfair practices
Federal Income Tax▪1913-Sixteenth Amendment- legalized federal income tax▪Tax individual earnings and corporate profits▪By 1917, government earned more on income tax than any other tariff
Women’s Suffrage Gained more strength with the help of college
educated women Took trolley tours and spoke publicly on the
cause Carrie Chapman Catt- President of NAWSA
focused on new tactics▪ Organization▪ Closing ties between workers (local, state, national)▪ Gaining wide base of support▪ Cautious lobbying▪ Ladylike behavior
Fierce patriotism women exuded during WWI made giving them the right to vote inevitable
August 1920- 19th Amendment gave women the right to vote
Civil RightsSimilar to Roosevelt and Taft, Wilson also retreated on the issue of civil rights
Many African American activists in the NAACP felt betrayed by Wilson’s choice of cabinet members and his lack of action
