Ⓒ Richard Mayberry

Glycolysis

Kreb’s CycleElectron Transport

Breakdown of Glucose

C6H12O6

GLUCOSE

‘C6’ C6~P

ATP ADP

ATP gives a phosphate to the glucose.

C6H12O6

GLUCOSE

‘C6’ C6~P P~C6~P

ATP ADPATP ADP

A second ATP gives another phosphate to

the glucose.

C6H12O6

GLUCOSE

‘C6’ C6~P P~C6~P

ATP ADPATP ADP

C3~PPGAL

C3~PPGAL

The 6 carbon sugar splits into 2 PGAL’s.

C6H12O6

GLUCOSE

ATPADP

‘C6’ C6~P P~C6~P

C3~PPGAL

ATPADP

C3~PPGAL

C3~PPGA

C3~PPGA

NAD takes a hydrogen from each PGAL and releases enough energy for 2 ATP’s.

NAD NADH

NAD NADH

ADP+P ATP

ADP+P ATP

C6H12O6

GLUCOSE

ATPADP

‘C6’ C6~P P~C6~P

C3~PPGAL

ATPADP

C3~PPGAL

C3~P

C3~P

ADP+P

ADP+P

ATP

ATP

PGA

PGA

NAD

NAD

NADH

NADH

Pyruvic Acid

C3

Pyruvic Acid

C3

ADP removes the phosphate from each PGA to produce Pyruvic Acids.

ADP ATP

ADP ATP

Cytoplasm Mitochondrial Matrix

C3

Pyruvic Acid

O

CO2

C2

Acetyl

C3

Pyruvic Acid

O

CO2

C2

Acetyl

Oxygen takes away carbon dioxide as the molecules enter the

mitochondrion.

Cytoplasm Mitochondrial Matrix

C2

Acetyl

C2

Acetyl

Kreb’sCycle

C4

Acid

CoA

CoAC2

CoA ‘escorts’ each acetyl into the Kreb’s Cycle.

C2-CoA

NAD

NADH

C4

Acid

Mitochondrial Matrix

Kreb’sCycle

C6CitricAcid C6

C5

C5

C4

C4

C4

NAD

NADH

FAD

FADH

NAD

NADH

NAD

NADH

O

CO2

O

CO2

ADP+P

ATP

C2

C4

Acid

(C 2+C 4

)

Acid

C4

Acid

Picks apart each acetyl.

NAD

NADH

CoA

C2CoA

C4

Acid

Mitochondrial Matrix

Kreb’sCycle

C6CitricAcid C6

C5

C5

C4

C4

C4

NAD

NADH

FAD

FADH

NAD

NADH

NAD

NADH

O

CO2

O

CO2

ADP+P

ATP

C2

C4

Acid

CoA

C2CoA

(C 2+C 4

)

Acid

C4

Acid X 2

NAD

NADH

Enzyme A

Enzyme B

Enzyme C

Enzyme D

Cri

stae

NADH

NAD

HADP+P

ATP

H

H

H

ADP+P

ATP

ADP+P

ATP

Enzyme A

Enzyme B

Enzyme C

Enzyme D

NADH

NAD

HADP+P

ATP

H

H

H

ADP+P

ATP

ADP+P

ATP

Enzyme A

Enzyme B

Enzyme C

Enzyme D

(10x)

H

H

ADP+P

ATP

ADP+P

ATP

Enzyme A

Enzyme B

Enzyme C

Enzyme D

FADH

FAD

H2x

H

Enzyme B

Enzyme C

Enzyme D

H H`H

HH H

H2O

O

6x

C6H12O6 + 6 O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O

Everything else is ‘recycled’.

Glycolysis: 4 ATP’s

NADH’s: 30 ATP’sKreb’s Cycle: 2 ATP’s

FADH’s: 4 ATP’s

Total Potential : 38 ATP’s

40 ATP’s-2 ATP’sActivation Energy:

C6H12O6

GLUCOSE

ATPADP

‘C6’ C6~P P~C6~P

C3~PPGAL

ATPADP

C3~PPGAL

C3~P

C3~P

ADP+P

ADP+P

ATP

ATP

PGA

PGA

NAD

NAD

NADH

NADH

Pyruvic Acid

ADP ATP

C3

Pyruvic Acid

ADP ATP

C3

Pyruvic Acid

C3C3~PPGAL

C3~P

ADP+P ATP

PGA

NAD NADH ADP ATP NADH

C3Lactic Acid

H

NADH

Pyruvic Acid

C3C3~PPGAL

C3~P

ADP+P ATP

PGA

NAD NADH ADP ATP

CO2

C2H5OHEthyl Alcohol

H