普世宗教 (Universal religion)

Christianity 、 Islam 、 Buddhism, Hinduism, Judaism

VOCABULARY

Christian (adj.) A Christian nation. Christian beliefs say . . .

Muslim/Islamic (adj) A Muslim nation/An Islamic nation. Muslim beliefs say . . .

Buddhist (adj.) Hindu (adj.) Jewish (adj.)

Christian (n.) Christians usually go to church on Sunday.

Muslim (n.) Muslims pray five times a day.

Buddhist (n.) Buddhists visit temples to burn incense.

Hindu (n.) Hindus are vegetarians. Jew (n.) Jews do not eat pork.

So, we can say I am a ___(preferred) or I am _____

I am a Christian/I am Christian I am a Muslim/I am Muslim I am a Buddhist/I am Buddhist I am a Hindu/I am Hindu I am a Jew/I am Jewish

Syncretism [sn.krə.t.zm] = the blending of two or more religious/cultural customs to form a new religion/custom, or a very different version of the original religion/custom. There was a lot of syncretism as Buddhism

spread through China.

The proportion of religion in the world’s population

Christian33% Islam21% 、 Hindu 佔 14% Buddhist 佔 6%

Why we need to know about universal religion? 杭亭頓 Samuel P. Huntington ”

The clash of civilizations and the remaking of world order”文明的衝突與世界秩序的重建 (1997)

Religion in East Asia

Buddhism(originated in India ) Hinduism (originated from India’s Brah

manism )

Indian National Emblem&flag

Asoka

佛教傳播

Buddhism Buddhism was divided into three factions

First is Hīnayāna(1 、 4) Second is Mahāyāna(3) Third is Tibetan

Buddhism(5)1

2

3

4

5

North spread

1. Maurya dynasty 2. Kushan dynasty ，「犍陀羅

(Afghanistan ) 藝術」 (Gandhara Art)

犍陀羅藝術

樓蘭古城 kroraina

China

Into China:during the Han dynasty Became popular:Tang Dynasty

洛陽白馬寺

朝鮮 (Korea) 、日本 (Japan) Accepted Buddhism from China

唐朝鑑真和尚 東渡日本

西藏的佛教 Before Buddhism

spread into Tibet, the original religious belief of Tibet was traditional magic (Bon).

When Princess Wen Cheng married the Tibetan King, Chinese Buddhism was introduced into Tibet.

Scripture

南傳 (South spread) 1.ceylon10C., Buddhism and Hinduism coexist in

Java,Burma,Thailand and Cambodia.

阿努拉德普勒城內的查特比納羅摩佛塔 (4C)

緬甸

爪哇島

吳哥窟