Chapter 9 Biology Study Guide

**Answer all questions in preparation for your upcoming quizzes and test. Answers will be provided in class.**

REMINDER: GLYCOLYSIS QUIZ WED. 10/30, KREBS CYCLE QUIZ FRI. 11/1

9.11. Where do organisms get energy? (Found in 9.1.1)

Organisms get their energy from food.

2. What is cellular respiration? (Found in 9.1.2)Cellular respiration is the process that releases energy from food in the presence of oxygen

3. What is the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration? (Found in 9.1.3)Photosynthesis removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, and cellular respiration puts it back. Photosynthesis releases oxygen into the atmosphere, and cellular respiration uses that oxygen to release energy from food.

4. Vocabulary you should know: calorie, cellular respiration, aerobic, anaerobic

9.21. Describe what happens during glycolysis. (Found in 9.2.1)

During glycolysis, 1 molecule of glucose, a six carbon compound, is transformed into two molecules of pyruvic acid, a three carbon compound.

2. Describe what happens during the krebs cycle. (Found in 9.2.2)During the Krebs cycle, pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions.

Chapter 9 Biology Study Guide

3. Explain how high energy electrons are used by the electron transport chain. (Found in 9.2.3)The electron transport chain uses the high-energy electrons from glycolysis and the krebs cycle to convert ADP to ATP.

4. Identify how much ATP cellular respiration generates. (Found in 9.2.4)Cellular respiration generates 36 ATP in total.

5. Vocabulary you should know: Glycolysis, NAD+, Krebs cycle, matrix

KREBS CYCLE (PICTURED BELOW)

Chapter 9 Biology Study Guide

9.31. Explain how organisms get energy in the absence of oxygen. (Found in 9.3.1)

In the absence of oxygen, fermentation releases energy from food molecules by producing ATP. (Compare and Contrast Alcoholic Fermentation to Lactic Acid Fermentation).

2. Identify the pathways the body uses to release energy during exercise. (Found in 9.3.2)For short, quick bursts of energy, the body uses ATP already in muscles as well as ATP made by Lactic Acid Fermentation. For exercise longer than about 90 seconds, cellular respiration is the only way to continue generating a supply of ATP.