00 IPNI Biofertilizers Report 110125

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ASummaryoftheStatusofBiofertilizersInternationalPlantNutritionInstitute(IPNI)

January25,2011Thisreportisasummaryofthestatusofuse,knowledgebase,andoutlookforbiofertilizersin

variousregionsoftheworldpreparedbythestaffofIPNI.Themajorityofthecontentis

availableonlineviathehyperlinksincludedinthetext.Foradditionalinformation,contact

eithertheresearcherslistedinthevarioussourcesorthestaffofIPNIwhosecontact

informationisavailableontheIPNIwebsite(http://www.ipni.net/).

RegionalCoverage:Region Page

NorthAmerica 1

Brazil 4

SouthernCone

4

Africa 5

Russia 5

SouthAsia 5

China 6

SoutheastAsia 6

Region:NorthAmericaStaffobservations:Generalsituationwiththemajorbiofertilizerclasses:RHIZOBIA:Rhizobia,principallyBradyrhizobiumjaponicum,havebeenusedasinoculantsfor

soybeansfordecades.Inoculationhasthehighestchanceofproducingasignificantyield

responsewhenappliedtosoilswithnoprevioushistoryofsoybeanproduction.Marketgrowth

inthissectorisnotexpectedtobegreatasinoculationisamaturepractice.

MYCORRHIZAE:Mycorrhizalinfectionofagronomiccropsistheusualconditioninproduction

agriculture.Mycorrhizaecanformsymbioticrelationshipswithhostplants,providing

phosphorusandzincinexchangeforcarbohydrates.Brassicasandsugarbeetaretheagronomic

cropsthatarenothostsformycorrhizalfungi.Nativespeciesofmycorrhizaehavedeveloped

overthemillenniathatsurvivewellunderlocalconditions.Tobeeffective,mycorrhizal

inoculantsmust

outperform

locally

adapted

species.

Mycorrhizal

infections

on

host

plants

by

nativefungalpopulationshavebeenshowntobereducedafter1)aseasonoffallowor2)

floodedsoilconditions.Reducedinfectionratesinthecropfollowingtheseconditionshave

beendemonstratedandrectificationhastraditionallybeenthroughtheapplicationofhigher

thannormalPrates,preferablybandedneartheseedatplanting.Nativefungalpopulations

andhostinfectionratesusuallyreturntonormalinsubsequentseasons. Formycorrhizal

inoculantstobecomeawidelyusedbestmanagementpractice,situationsfavoringhigher


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IPNI.StatusofBiofertilizers.January25,2011.

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probabilitiesofcropresponsewillneedtobeclearlydefined.Marketoutlookisundetermined,

althoughgovernmentalfundingagencieshaveandarecontinuingtoprovidelargegrantsfor

research.

PLANTGROWTHPROMOTINGRHIZOBACTERIA(PGPR):Rootcolonizingbacteriaarebeing

examinedthatprovidebenefitstoplantdevelopment.Benefitsdemonstratedunderlaboratory

andgreenhouse

conditions

include:

1)

reduced

negative

effects

of

plant

pathogens

and

2)

enhancecropnutritionthroughincreasedavailabilityofN,PandFe.Likemycorrhizae,efficacy

oftheseproductsdependsgreatlyontheabilityofPGPRtocompetewithlocallyadapted

strainsalreadypresentinsoils.Fieldstudiesinvestigatingefficacyhavelargelybeen

inconclusive.Thisisanactiveareaofresearch.Littleguidancecurrentlyexistsfordefining

conditionswherePGPRwillhavethegreatestlikelihoodofeffectiveness.Marketoutlookis

thereforeunknown.

InsomeregionsofNorthAmerica,cropproductionisdominatedbycommoditycropssuchas

wheat,corn,soybean,andcotton. Forages(hay,silageandpasture)arealsoanimportant

componentoftheoverallproductionintheregion. Theuseofbiofertilizers/microbial

inoculantsisrelativelyinsignificantintheseregionssincemostcommoditycropsarerelatively

lowvalueandfarmersarethuslesslikelytousethembecauseofpricesensitivity. The

exceptionwouldbetheinoculationoflegumecropswithrhizobiabacteria.Insuchregions,no

realsurgeintheuseofbiofertilizersisexpectedintheforeseeablefuture.

MostofthebiofertilizersshowingupinwesternNorthAmericahavebeenlargelydiscredited,

althoughnewmaterialsandideaskeeppoppingup.Weknowofnocurrentresearchinthe

westernpartofNorthAmericaonthistopic,thoughtherehavebeenmanyattemptstouse

materials(variousrhizobacteria,yeasts,freelivingN2fixerssuchasazospirillum),butno

consistentresults. TheexceptionistheuseofHumicAcids,wherethegrowthintheuseof

theseproducts

is

growing

rapidly.

The

humic

materials

are

widely

used

and

promoted,

althoughrecentresearchinCaliforniashowsnopositivebenefits.

StaffreportseveralbiofertilizerproductscirculatingthroughoutsoutheasternNorthAmerica.

Manyarebeingmarketedbysmallfertilizerdealers,butsomeofthebigdealersalsohandlethe

materials. Noonereallyhasagoodfeelforhowwidespreadtheirusageisasproductscome

andgosorapidlyfromthemarketthattheyarehardtokeepupwith. Whentheyareused,

theyareusedmainlyasasprayadjuantforliquidfertilizersolutions. Acouplethathavebeen

evaluatedrecentlyareSuperbioAgblendandAccomplish.Themostwidespreadcommercial

useappearstobeintheturfandorganicmarketsinFlorida.Weareawareofnoresearchinthe

region

demonstrating

efficacy.

Microbialinoculantsareaninterestingareaofstudy,butitisdifficulttopredictefficacyfor

productsotherthantherhizobialinoculantsforlegumes(e.g.soybeans,cloversandalfalfa).

Additionalinformation: Adatabaseofresearchonbiofertilizersandothernonconventionalproducts

maintainedbytheuniversitiesinthenorthcentralregionofNorthAmerica.


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http://extension.agron.iastate.edu/compendium/index.aspx

Sourcesofadditionalinformationonmycorrhizalinoculation

o FungalEcologyandBiologyLab(FEABL),UniversityofMontana

http://dbs.umt.edu/research_labs/rilliglab/

o InternationalCultureCollectionofVesicularArbuscularMycorrhizalFungi,West

VirginiaUniversity

http://invam.caf.wvu.edu/collection/generalinfo/generalinfo.htm

o MycorrhizalFungi/NurseryCropPhysiologyLaboratory,TexasA&MUniversity

http://aggiehorticulture.tamu.edu/faculty/davies/ResearchHomepg.html

SourcesofadditionalinformationonPGPRs.

o Dr.LouiseNelson,UniversityofBritishColombiaOkanaganhttp://soilmicrobialecology.ok.ubc.ca/Group_Site/Faculty/Entries/2010/6/26_Louise_Nelson%2C_Ph.D..html

Canada'sfertilizerregulatorysystemhasefficacydatarequirementsforbiofertilizers

andotherproducts. Alistofregisteredproductscanbefoundat

http://active.inspection.gc.ca/scripts/database/fereng_submit.asp?lang=e&CName=all&

TCategory=1 Theefficacydatarequirementsforregisteringsuchproductscanbefoundat

http://www.inspection.gc.ca/english/plaveg/fereng/tmemo/t4108e.shtml Vessey.Plantgrowthpromotingrhizobacteriaasbiofertilizers. Article01at

http://info.ipni.net/biofertilizers

Gambinoetal.DeterminationplanthormoneinfertilizersHPLCJAOAC2008. Article02

athttp://info.ipni.net/biofertilizers

Karnock.Golfcoursemanagementpromisesofbiostimulants2000. Article03athttp://info.ipni.net/biofertilizers

Kelting.HumatebiostimulantnotconsistentgrowthpromotioninhazelnutJEnviron

Hort1997.

Article

04

athttp://info.ipni.net/biofertilizers

JournalofBiofertilizers&Biopesticides. http://www.omicsonline.org/jbfbphome.php

Companypromotionalmaterialso http://www.organicsa.co.za/Products/Fertilizer/fertilizer.htmlo http://www.agrofill.com/o http://www.microlifefertilizer.com/resource.htmo http://www.prosoil.com/index.htmlo http://www.ecocatalysts.com.au/

Regionalcontacts:

University

scientists

who

study

microbial

inoculants

and

microbial

ecology

in

depth.

o KariDunfield:UniversityofGuelph(http://www.uoguelph.ca/ses/users/dunfield)o JaniceTheiss:CornellUniversity

(http://gradeducation.lifesciences.cornell.edu/faculty/individual5412)

o JoannWhalen:McGillUniversity(http://nrsstaff.mcgill.ca/whalen/)

o RhaeDrijber:UniversityofNebraska(http://agronomy.unl.edu/web/agronomy/drijber)


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Region:BrazilStaffobservations:ThereportreferencedbelowwaspreparedbyIPNIBrazil.Itisbasedonquestionsandanswers

forobjectiveness.Muchofthecontentinthisreportisbasedon informationfromcompanies

workingwith

biofertilizers

in

Brazil.

IPNI

Brazil

does

not

endorse

technical

information

on

these

products unless it is published or is our own research. In case of any doubt please do not

hesitatetocontactIPNIinBrazil.

Additionalinformation: ProchnowandCasarin.BiofertilizersinBrazil. Article05athttp://info.ipni.net/biofertilizers

Region:SouthernConeStaffobservations:Regarding

information

on

the

use

of

inoculants

in

Argentina,

Paraguay,

Bolivia

and

Uruguay,

mostofthesoybeancropsareinoculatedwithBradyrhizobiuminoculants.Itisestimatedthat

70%oftheareaisbeinginoculated.Thisisalargesoybeanmarketofmorethan30millionha.

InArgentina,asummaryof708experimentsbetween1990and2006,hasshownayield

differenceof7.5%betweeninoculatedandnoninoculatedtreatments. Toamuchlesser

extent,newinoculantsorbiofertilizershavebeenreleasedinthelastyears,mostofthem

growthpromoterssuchasPseudomonassp.andAzospirillumbrasilense.Theseproductsarerecommendedmainlyforwheatandmaize,Responsesarequietvariablebut,inresponsive

situations,yieldincreasesareof49%.

Additionalinformation:

SoybeanRizobia InoculationHasaPositiveContributiontoArgentineGrainProduction

(Arecentposter). Article06athttp://info.ipni.net/biofertilizers

The importance of BNF for soybean production in Argentina. 2004. Perticari, A. 22nd

LatinAmerican Conference on Rhizobiology 1st Brasilian Conference on Biological

NitrogenFixation.Brasil.

EffectofthebacterialconcentrationofAzospirillumbrasilense in the inoculumand itsplantregulatorcompoundsincropyieldofcorn(ZeamaysL.)inthefield.2009.Puente,M.,Garca,J.andPerticari,A.WorldJ.Agricult.Sciences5(5):604608.

Fieldinoculationofwheat(TriticumaestivumL.)andcorn(ZeamaysL.)withAzospirillumbrasilenseinthePampasregion,Argentina.2004.DazZorita,M.;Balia,R.;

Fernndez

Canigia,

M.;

Penna,

C.

and

Perticari,

A.

22nd

Latin

American

Conference

onRhizobiology 1stBrasilianConferenceonBiologicalNitrogenFixation.Brasil.

Region:AfricaInformationsources:

KenGiller.BiologicalNitrogenFixation(BNF)inAfrica.Acurrentresearchproject.Article07athttp://info.ipni.net/biofertilizers


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JoyceJefwa.BenefitsandpotentialuseofArbuscularMycorrhizalFungi(AMF)inbanana

andplantain(musaspp.)systemsinAfrica.Acurrentresearchproject. Article08athttp://info.ipni.net/biofertilizers

Region:RussiaStaffobservationsIncludedinstaffreviewpapersbyDrs.IvanovaandNosov.

Additionalinformation: Ivanova.BiofertilizersinCentralRussiaregion. Article09athttp://info.ipni.net/biofertilizers

Nosov.EfficiencyofbiofertilizersinSouthernandEasternRussia. Article10athttp://info.ipni.net/biofertilizers

Region:SouthAsiaStaffobservations:BiofertilizershavereceivedspecialattentioninaridzonesofIndia,andinhorticultural,

medicinal,andoilseedcrops.

Additionalinformation: Abookentitled"BiofertiliserStatistics"publishedbytheFertilizerAssociationofIndia

(Price:Rs.350)hasrelevantinformationforIndiainoneplace.BiofertilizerStatistics

India(200607). Article11athttp://info.ipni.net/biofertilizers

FAOarticleon"GreeningAgricultureinIndia"thatstartswithpotentialdemandfor

biofertilizersinIndiaetc.:http://www.fao.org/DOCREP/ARTICLE/AGRIPPA/658_en

03.htm

SomemorebiofertilizerstatisticsfromGovt.ofIndia:

http://fert.nic.in/production/bio_fertilizers.asp

TworeviewsonpromotingbiofertilizersinIndianagriculture

o PromotingBiofertilizersinIndiaAgri. Article12athttp://info.ipni.net/biofertilizers

o NeedofBiofertilizersinIndia. Article13athttp://info.ipni.net/biofertilizers

Aresearchpaperhighlightingthepositiveeffectofusingbiofertilizersasfertilizersina

medicinalplant,andmakinganothersignificantstatement"suchincreasedeffectshave

beenfoundtobefurtherenhancedsignificantlyduetodualorothercompatible

mixturesofinoculantsresultingfromtheirstrongsynergisticrelationshipsamong

themselves".

Biofertilizer

Effect

on

Yield

and

Nutr

Content

of

a

Medicinal

Plant.

Article

14athttp://info.ipni.net/biofertilizers

BiofertilizerproductionunitsinIndia.http://www.dacnet.nic.in/ncof/PRODUCTIONUNIT.htm

Listofsomebiofertilizermanufacturersandsuppliers,witharesearchlabinPune

producingnine(9)differentkindsofbiofertilizers:

http://www.indiaagronet.com/indiaagronet/Technology_Upd/niku_bio%20res%20lab2.

htmANDhttp://www.indianindustry.com/pesticides/1116.html


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AnewspaperreportonIndianBiofertilizerIndustry'smarketanditspotential: India's

BioFertilizerFirmsonHigh. Article15athttp://info.ipni.net/biofertilizers

BiofertilizerpricesinIndia:http://www.indianprices.com/fertilizerprice.html

Region:ChinaStaffobservations:InChina,inanarrowsense,biofertilizersaredefinedasmicrobefertilizersormicrobe

inoculatepreparations. Inabroadsense,theyaredefinedastypesofbiologicalpreparations

madebybiologicaltechnologythathavespecialfertilizereffectsorstimulatoryeffectoncrops.

Chinahasover300biofertilizerproducingenterpriseswithannualproductoutputofabouthalf

milliontones.ThebiofertilizerapplicationareainChinahasreached167millionhectaresat

present.Staffhavenotseenevidencethatanybiofertilizers,beyondthestandardRhizobium

inoculants,workwellinChina.

Additionalinformation:

Cheng.IssuesrelatedtodevelopmentofbiofertilizersinChina.Thispaper,byProf.GE

fromCAASwhowastheleaderinthisfieldforyearsandservedasthedirectorinMOA's

BiofertilizerInspectionandQualityControlCenterforseveralyears,isinChinese.The

ChinaprogramstafftranslatedthemainpointsofthepaperintoEnglish. Article16athttp://info.ipni.net/biofertilizers

FiveofthemostcomprehensivereviewpapersareincludedherethatremaininChinese

forthosethatcanreadthelanguage. Article17athttp://info.ipni.net/biofertilizers

Region:SEAsiaInformationsources:

CurrentStatusandFutureDirectionofCommercialProductionandUseofBioFertilizers

inJapan:http://www.agnet.org/library/eb/600/

CurrentStatusofBioFertilizersandBioPesticidesDevelopment,Farmer'sAcceptance

andTheirUtilizationinKorea:http://www.agnet.org/library/eb/601/ BioFertilizersandBioPesticidesResearchandDevelopmentatUplb,Philippines:

http://www.agnet.org/library/eb/602/

CurrentStatusofBioFertilizersDevelopment,Farmers'AcceptanceandUtilization,and

FuturePerspectiveinTaiwan:http://www.agnet.org/library/eb/603/

Documents

00 IPNI Biofertilizers Report 110125