027 Reproductive.ppt

7/27/2019 027 Reproductive.ppt

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Difference between Meiosis and Mitosis


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Meiosis I

Interphase Prophase I Metaphase I Anaphase I Telephase I


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Meiosis II

Prophase II Metaphase II Anaphase II Telephase II


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Male

ReproductiveSystem


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Reproductive Anatomy of the HumanMale.

External:

- penis

- scrotum

Internal:

- gonads

- accessory sex glands and ducts.

Human reproduction involves intricate

anatomy and complex behavior


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Male Reproductive System


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Testes


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External structure of the

penis:

glans penis

prepuce(foreskin)

There is no verifiablehealth benefit to

circumcision.


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Circumcision

foreskin glans penis urethral opening

suturesshaft

corona


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The penisis composed of three layers of

spongy erectile tissue.

During sexual arousal the erectile tissue fillswith blood from arteries.

The resultant increased pressure seals off the

veins that drain the penis.

The engorgement of the peniswith blood causes an erection.

urethra


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Testesare the male gonads.

seminiferous tubules- form sperm

Leydig cells (interstitial cells)-produceandrogens (ex. Testosterone, ABP).


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Testes are located in the scrotum,

outside the body cavity.

This keeps testicular temperature coolerthan the body cavity.

The testes develop in the body cavity and

descend into the scrotum just before birth.


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Sperm Pathway

Prostatic urethra

Membranous

urethra


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Semen

Seminal fluid is thick, yellowish, and

alkaline.

It contains mucus, fructose, a coagulating

enzyme, ascorbic acid, and

prostaglandins.

Accessory glands:

1.seminal vesicle

2.prostate gland

3.bulbourethral gland


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Seminal Vesicle

Seminal vesicle:

A pair of glands that secrete a liquid

component of semen into the vas deferens.

Secretion is alkaline

Contains fructose, asorbic acid, coagulating

enzyme, prostaglandin


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Prostate gland:

Location- surrounds and opens into the urethra where it

leaves the bladder.

Secretion- slightly alkaline fluid that activates the spermand prevents them from sticking together

Prostate problems are common in males over 40.

Prostate cancer is one of the most common cancers

in men.

Prostate


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Bulbourethral gland (Cowpers gland):

Location- paired glands that lie beneath the prostate

Secretion- a thick, clear alkaline mucous that drains into

the membranous urethra. Function- It acts to wash residual urine out of the urethra

when ejaculating semen-- raises pH; neutralizes acidity of

urine.

Bulbourethral

gland


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Ejaculationpropels sperm from the

epididymis to the vas deferens. The vas deferens run from the scrotum and

behind the urinary bladder.

Here each vas deferens joins

with a duct from the seminal

vesicle to form an ejaculatory

duct.

The ejaculatory ducts open into the urethra.

The urethra drains both the excretory and

reproductive systems.

Ejaculation


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A male usually ejaculates about 2 5 mLof semen; each milliliter containing about

50 130 million sperm.

Bulbourethral fluid also carries somesperm released before ejaculation.

This is one of the reasons why the

withdrawal method of birth control has a

high failure rate.

Ejaculate


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Spermatogenesis


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Mature Spermatozoa

tail

mitochondria

nucleus

acrosomehead

S i if T b l


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Seminiferous Tubules


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spermatogonium

1spermatocyte

2

spermatocyte

Spermatids

Sertoli/

sustenacular cell

Spermatozoa

Interstitial

cells

Seminiferous Tubules


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Sperm

Maturation &Development


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Hormones Involved in

Spermatogenesis

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Interstitial Cell Stimulating Hormone (ICSH=LH)

Testosterone

Inhibin

ABP


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Hypothalamus

Anterior Pituitary

GnRH

FSH

ICSH

Hormonal Control of

Spermatogenesis


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Interstitial Cells

ICSH

Testosterone

Hormonal Control of

Spermatogenesis


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Sertoli Cells

Testosterone

Spermatogenesis

FSH

Inhibin

Hormonal Control of

Spermatogenesis


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Feedback Inhibition

InhibinActs on anterior pituitary

Inhibits FSH production

TestosteroneActs on hypothalamus

Inhibits GnRH production

Hormonal Control of

Spermatogenesis


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Some Other Effects of

Testosterone

muscle and bone growth

facial and pubic hair growth

thickening of vocal cords growth of pharyngeal cartilage

hair follicle effects

stimulates sebaceous glands Increased BMR


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Vasectomy

Female


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Female

Reproductive System


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cervix

vagina

uterine tube

Ovary

uterus

Bladder

urethra

clitoris

l. minora

l. majora

Female Reproductive System


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Internal reproductive:

Vagina

Cervix

Fallopian tube

(uterian

tube/oviducts)

Fimbrae

Ovary

Uterus

- Endometrium

- Myometrium

- Perimetrium cervixvagina

fimbriae

uterine tube

ovary

uterus

endometrium

myometrium

perimetrium

Fi b & F ll i T b


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Fimbrae & Fallopian Tube


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Oogenesis in the Ovary

Oogenesis


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OogenesisOvary- contains 400,000 oocytes; release

about 500 in a lifetime

Ovary- under influence of FSH. The

follicles mature every 28 days

Primary follicle produces estrogens

And primary oocyte completes its 1stdivision produces 2ndary oocyte and

polar body


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Oogenesis Aprox 1/2 way through the 28 day cycle the

follicle reaches the mature Vesticular orGraffian follicle stage.


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Oogenesis

Estrogen levels rise and release LH and FSH

and triggers ovulation.


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Oogenesis The 2ndary oocyte travels down the uterine

tube to the uterus. If fertilized by sperm, it will produce a zygote

Ovum in uterine tube


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Ectopic Pregnancy


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Ovarian Cyst


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Endometriosis


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Oogenesis


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Hormones Involved in the

Female Reproductive Cycle

Gonadotropin Releasing Hormone (GnRH)

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Estrogen

Progesterone

Inhibin Relaxin


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Hypothalamus

Anterior Pituitary

GnRH

FSHLH

Female Hormonal Cycle


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Follicle Cells

LH

Estrogen

FSH

Female Hormonal Cycle


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The Uterine

Cycle


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Hormone

Fluctuation



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Estrogen

breast development external genitalia growth

bone growth

fat deposition

Increase protein anabolism

Decrease blood cholesterol

Facilitate calcium uptake

Promotes hydration of skin

Feminizes brain

Menopause: cessation of ovarian and


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Menopause: cessation of ovarian and

menstrual cycles.

Usually occurs between ages 46 and 54.Due to ovaries decreased responsiveness

to gonadotropins.

Menopause affects:

changes in sexual desire

triggers mood swings

causes debilitating hot flashes

may lead to bone and heart problems

short-term memory loss

insomnia

M l d


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Are present in both males andfemales.

Are not a component of the

reproductive system.Contain epithelial tissue that secrete

milk.

Milk drains into a series ofducts opening at the nipple.

Mammary glands.


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Mammary Gland


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Lifes Greatest Miracle

http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/miracle/program.html

INQUIRY


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INQUIRY

1. Where are sperm cells formed within the

testes?2. What portion of the sperm contains 23

chromosomes?

3. What 3 accessory glands produce seminal

fluid?

4. What is the term for the primary humansex organs?

5. What structure is formed following

ovulation?

6. What hormones are produced from thecorpus luteum?

7. List several effective means for preventing

conception.

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027 Reproductive.ppt