Design Computing

03. Autodesk Revit & BIM Features

3/19/2015Digital Design I | HOM3034 | Spring 2015 | Every Thursday 2:00 p.m. – 5:50 pm

Jin Kook Lee, Ph.D. 02-2220-2645 | designit@hanyang.ac.krAssistant Professor, Space & Design IT Lab.Department of Interior Architecture Design, Hanyang University

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What to do today: 12 files submission: 7 jpg & 2 files & 2 rvt files

Lecture: BIM-enabled building design approach using Revit

1. Lab Exercise 1: Wall Object – Exterior and Interior wall in Revit and its property “screen shot”

2. Lab Exercise 2: Door & Window Object – Door/Window in Revit and its property “screen shot”

3. Lab Exercise 3: Stair Object and others – Components in Revit “screen shot”

4. Lab Exercise 4: Space Object – Room in Revit and its property “screen shot”

5. Lab Exercise 5: Floor Object – Floor in Revit and its property “myName_LE5_L5.rvt”

6. Lab Exercise 6: Section view “screen shot”

7. Lab Exercise 7: Building Elevation – How to create an entire building floors in elevation view “screen shot”

8. Lab Exercise 8: Editing each floor (Elaborated) “myName_LE7_CHE_bldg.rvt”

Preview: Various BIM Applications

9. Lab Exercise 9: Schedule – Room schedule in Revit “screen shot”

10. Lab Exercise 10: Exporting Revit model – Geometry models & IFC “FBX file and IFC file” from your CHE bldg.

11. Lab Exercise 11: My Revit Design Project your Revit file

Review: Building Information Modeling Approach

Quotes in Architectural Design

“Architecture is the art of how to waste space.”

- Philip Johnson

“All architecture is shelter, all great architecture is the design of space that contains, cuddles, exalts, or

stimulates the persons in that space.”

- Philip Johnson

“Architecture is music in space, as it were a frozen music”

- Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph von Schelling

“Architecture is the will of an epoch translated into space.”

- Mies van der Rohe

We design spaces! Do you?

Do you design “lines” or “spaces”?Do you design “geometric shapes” or “building objects”?

What you design for?1. Walls

2. Windows, doors

3. Ceiling, slab, column

4. Furniture, any design elements

5. Space, filled with all above

What you really design in conventional CAD systems? (AutoCAD, 3dsMAX, etc)

- Two parallel lines representing a “wall”

- A series of lines representing the geometry of the bottom footprint of “walls”

- A 900mm line and an arc that representing a “door”

- A 900 X 1800 X 50 3d box object with a wood map, representing a “table top”

- A series of geometric shapes representing your image of “design”

Back to fundamentals:

Why don’t we design “Space” and “Walls” rather than “line” and “polygons”?

This approach is already implemented in recently developed BIM tools.

BIM tools are still the means of design, but totally different approach.

CAD evolves into BIM Not just evolving from 2d to 3d

GUID (Globally Unique ID)

Name: “Office”

Zone Name: “Leasing Spaces”

Space Number: 250

Floor, Spatial Topology

NET Area, Height, Volume...

Relations, Topology Data

3D Geometry Data

Space Object Instance contains “information”

“Rectangular Shape” in a CAD model

“Space Object” in a BIM model

“Office” Labeled Polygon

Label Text: “Office”

Layer Label Text:

“Level 1”

2D or 3D Dummy

Geometry

Evolve into BIM

Standard Names, Standard Area, Required Area

Basic Rentable Area

ANSI/BOMA Category

Occupants Code

Energy Zone Type

Cost Estimate Data

Security Information

……

Geometry-oriented approach

Conventionally CAD systems only deal with “geometry”

Because people believed that geometric shape is all about design, at that

time.

Geometry is important, but it is a subset of a design.

Building object-oriented approach

Conceptual modeling of a building – for both human and computer

Building

Space

Floor

SpaceGroup

1..*

1

0..*

1..*

1

1

Site

1..*

1

1..*

1..*

1..*

0..*

Interior

Facilities

Building Data Model: a bit more elaborated model

Building

Space

Floor

SpaceGroup

1..*

1

Any group or

classification

of spaces

0..*

1..*

1

1

Other Structural ElementSite

Structure

Slab

Foundation

Roof

Beam

Ceiling

Column

Wall

Opening

Window

1..*

1

0..*

0..*

0..*

0..*

0..*

0..*

0..*

1

1

0..*

Geometry

Surface

Material …

0..*

1..*

1..*

1..*

0..*

1

1..*

0..*

One

One or more

Zero or more

B contains A / A is super class of B

B is made up of A (composition)

A B

A B

Major building elements for interior design

Dynamically Instantiatable Objects

Interior

Facilities

Geometry

Surface

Material …

Door

IFC: an actual building data (information) model for computers

IfcSpace

IfcBuildingStorey

[1:n] IfcRelAggregates

IfcBuilding

IfcSite

[1:n] IfcRelAggregates

[1:n] IfcRelAggregates

IfcSpatialStructureElement

IfcObject

IfcProduct

IfcRoot

IfcObjectDefinition

IfcElement

IfcBuildingElement

IfcBeam

IfcColumn

IfcSlab

IfcDoor

IfcRamp

IfcRoof

IfcWall

IfcBuildingBasementComponent

IfcAnnotation

IfcPort

IfcWallStandardCase

……

……

IfcBuildingBasementPart

……

IfcRelationship

IfcRelAssociates

IfcRelAssociatesClassification

IfcClassificationReference

Space Groups

653 Entities

Geometry

Relation

Properties ……

IfcGroup

IfcZone

Data Modeling Example:Building – Floor – Space entity & their properties example

Space

Geometry data

int id

String GUID

String name

String number

double area

double height

double volume

int numberOfDoor

Building Building

Floor Floor

Space[] adjacentSpace

Space[] directlyAccessibleSpace

double basicRsf

String department

String security

String bomaCategory

…

Building

Geometry data

int id

String fileName

int numberOf…

double area

double totalNetArea

double height

double elevationHeight

double volume

Site Site

Floor[] Floor

Floor firstFloor

String buildingType

String designPhase

String version

double buildingGrossArea

double structuredParkingArea

double mepArea

double skinArea

double externalWallArea

double biggestFloorArea

…

Floor

Geometry data

int id

String GUID

String name

double area

double totalNetArea

double height

double elevationHeight

double volume

Building Building

Space[] Space

int number

…

BIM is the way we should go.It takes advantages of advanced computing technologies,and it enables us to focus on design itself, not computing.

Solid Modeling in Revit

Basic 3d geometric modeling supported by Revit

Basic 3d geometric modeling supported by Revit

Basic 3d geometric modeling supported by Revit

Autodesk HomeStyler.com

- A web-based parametric modeling tool (& Mobile-based)

- Login using Google Account, and design your room

Autodesk HomeStyler – www.homestyler.com

Autodesk HomeStyler – www.homestyler.com

CAD vs. BIM

- Export your design in .DWG, and .RVT in HomeStyler.com

- Comparison between .DWG file and .RVT

HomeStyler Model is

not a simple CAD

but a simple BIM

This is a “Door” object

Not a rectangle geometry

File – Save As:

JPG, DWG, RVT

AutoCAD DWG file

Object: “Polylines block”

Properties:

Color, Layer, Linetype,

Position X, Y, Z…

Revit RVT file

Object: “Double-Panel Door”

Properties:

Sill height, Frame Type, Material,

Finish, Head height…

Your Design & idea

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architectural_drawing

ABSTRACT추상화 (抽象化)

Programming: Bubble Diagram

Sketch

Drafting by hand (1893) Architectural Symbols: Floor Plan, etc.

Traditional Communication in AEC-FM industry

Let computers do this abstract, visualization, symbolization, etc.

AutoCAD

- This is a geometric line object

- Only geometric properties

- Computer does NOT know this is

a “Door”

- Only “drawing” & “visualization”

- Any CAD tools can draw this wall,

using Rhino, 3ds Max, SketchUP,

even by this PowerPoint

Let computers do what we have done for new buildings

Revit (BIM)

- This is a door object

- Door related properties

- Computer does KNOW this is a

“Door”

- “drawing” & “visualization” are

one of uses of this model

- Only BIM authoring tools can

draw this “door”. Not by general

CAD tools for Jewelry, Textile,

Machine, etc.

Conventional Design Computing

Drafting

Modeling

Rendering

Animation

… Visualizations

Focusing on geometric shapes

Let computers do what we have drawn

New direction of Design Computing: Information Modeling

Focusing on information

Let computers do what we have done

Difference between geometric drawing and information modeling

Two representations

are very close.

Computationally,

very different.

So, what is actual building design?

Vertex

(Point)

Edge

(Line)

Face

(Surface)

Shell

(Space)

Geometric Modeling

e.g. 3ds Max Design

Design

Parametric Modeling

e.g. Revit

Part

(Component,

Family, Object)

Design

(could be a part of

bigger design)

Geometry-centered, some parametrics

For editing: update vertex, edge, polygon

Object-oriented modeling & design

For editing: update information

Topology

(Geometry)

Parametric Modeling in Revit

Parametric & Feature-based Modeling

Features are defined to be parametric shapes associated with attributes

such as intrinsic geometric parameters (length, width, depth etc.), position and orientation,

geometric tolerances, material properties, and references to other features.

Features also provide access to related production processes and resource models. Thus,

features have a semantically higher level than primitive closed regular sets. Features are

generally expected to form a basis for linking CAD with downstream manufacturing

applications, and also for organizing databases for design data reuse.

Parametric Modeling

Parametric modeling uses parameters to define a model (dimensions, for

example). Examples of parameters are: dimensions used to create model

features, material density, formulas to describe swept features, imported

data (that describe a reference surface, for example). The parameter may

be modified later, and the model will update to reflect the modification.

Typically, there is a relationship between parts, assemblies, and

drawings. A part consists of multiple features, and an assembly consists

of multiple parts. Drawings can be made from either parts or assemblies.

Related to parameters, but slightly different are Constraints. Constraints

are relationships between entities that make up a particular shape. For a

window, the sides might be defined as being parallel, and of the same

length. Parametric modeling is obvious and intuitive. But for the first three

decades of CAD this was not the case. Modification meant re-draw, or add

a new cut or protrusion on top of old ones. Dimensions on engineering

drawings were created, instead of shown. Parametric modeling is very

powerful, but requires more skill in model creation. Parametric modeling

also lends itself to data re-use.

Refer to Wikipedia

History of computer-aided design is a history of understanding what is design

The design is a drawing of the product e.g. Geometric drafting in 2D

The design is a surface model of the product e.g. Geometric surface modeling in 3D

The design is a 3D model of the product e.g. Solid modeling

The design is an editable 3D model of the product e.g. Parametric modeling

The design is the integrated representation of

all the compositional, analytical and fabrication

representations of the product

(Geometry is just one part of the model) e.g. Product Data Modeling, Building Information Modeling

H

W

D

Parameters:H, W, D

+ Information

Information Modeling

This class

Non-uniform Design of Buildings

Free-form 3d shapes

Parametric Modeling (Parametric Design)

Feature-based modeling (Section profile + Path = Sweeping, Blend sweep…)

Non-uniform Design, Parametric Design, and BIM

Inevitable trend in recent AEC-FM industry

Case Study: Gansam Architects and Partners

신사동 페이토빌딩, 해군안보전시관, 프라자호텔 리모델링

Pheyto Building

BIM-enabled various curtain

panel designs

Angled curtain wall mullions:

parametric modeling

required

Constructible design, even in

early phase of design

Republic of Korea Navy

2009.08 Design Competition model

Republic of Korea Navy: Design Process

Maya (obj/iges file)

Rhino (sat file)

Revit

Mass surface panel design by Revit:

- Parametric modeling

- Pre-fabricated exterior panels

Remodeling project:Plaza Hotel

Before

After

Under the construction

Remodeling project:Plaza Hotel

Remodeling Project + BIM

Non-uniform exterior panel design

using Parametric modeling process

Each panel’s geometry controlled by

parametrics

Remodeling project:Plaza Hotel

An early Pilot Project using BIM

Pilot Project using BIM

Jeremy Nicholas (2007) LRL In-House BIM USAR Projects

• Raleigh-Durham – Training Building

Generated Floor Plan

Exterior Wall

Columns and Foundation

Second Floor Girders

Second Floor Beams

First Floor Interior Elements

Mechanical Systems

Second Floor Interior Partitions

Roof Trusses

Exterior Entrances & Roof Finishes

Review: Autodesk Revit, its BIM Approaches

and its Use Scenarios for Interiors

Autodesk Revit 2014, as of 2014 (2015 will be released soon)

How to “model” a building in Autodesk Revit?

Modeling walls, columns, doors, spaces, floors – not points, lines, surfaces

- But it doesn’t mean Revit has no geometry editing tools. It still has powerful tools.

Designing a building object, based on several pre-defined object families

- System Family: pre-defined building objects in Revit

- User Family (Custom Objects): any kind of user-defined building objects

Each object’s geometry is parametrically editable

- A wall’s “width”, “height” and “thickness”, NOT “length” of the lines

All objects have related each other – Parametric “Constraints”

- E.g.: All walls in Level 1 have a “constraint” to the bottom of Level 2

We just implemented this on BIM tools, much smarter than OSNAP in AutoCAD

One of Lab Exercises

- Modeling CHE building in Revit

- Exporting into 3dsMAX (FBX format)

Project means a Revit project file

Family is a basic unit of building design object in Revit

Families are one of: System Family or Custom Family

Users can create their own customized building design objects

Load project template file / system family files

If your Revit has missing Template or System Families, locate them as following:

Setting Default Template in Metric units:

Click left-top R icon – Click Options – File locations – Default template file:

C:\ProgramData\Autodesk\RVT 2014\Templates\US Metric\DefaultMetric.rte

Setting and loading System Families via:

C:\ProgramData\Autodesk\RVT 2014\Libraries\US Metric\ ~ a lot of system families

*.rvt files are Revit Project files

*.rte files are Revit Template files

*.rfa files are Revit Family files

Revit interface basics1. Start a command

Clicking icons in Ribbon interface

2. Choose an option from the associated temporary tab

Editing, modifying in an additional Ribbon tab

3. Do something in the model view window

Property Window

The Type Properties dialog gives you access to the parameters associated

with the element you’ve selected.

Project Browser

Like Windows Explorer – Navigate information associated with current

project

Revit Key Features

Exporting building’s geometry in DWG, DWF, FBX formats

Exporting building information model in IFC format Interoperability

Space-oriented building modeling: Mass Object, Space Object

Extracting auto-generated 2d plans: Floor plans, elevations, sections, 3d views

Modeling building objects & geometry in advanced Parametric Modeling techniques

Supporting .NET based plugin development (well defined API)

Supporting collaborative working environment (centralized Revit model, cloud-based)

Supporting various visualization tools

Building mass modeling in Revit

Modeling “building mass object” in Revit

Turning into Revit building objects such as walls, floors, curtain walls

Space Object modeling in Revit

No need to draw wall lines for creating spaces - Space object in BIM tools

Auto-detecting Space Boundary using surrounding wall objects

Space Objects can be modeled even without walls for the early concept

design

One of most important

object in Revit is –

Space object

(“Room” in Revit)

Modeled and Rendered in Revit, using Mental Ray (Also compatible with 3ds MAX)http://oubaas.deviantart.com/art/Revit-render-test-84446464

http://www.revitcity.com/forum_files/26537_banking_hall_1.jpg

Modeled and Rendered in Revit, using Mental Ray (Also compatible with 3ds MAX)

Recommended: Use Revit & MAX for better photo-realistic rendering images

Revit:

MAX:

Rendered by Mental Ray on Revit – Photo-realistic rendering

http://grevity.blogspot.kr/2011/09/beam-me-up-scotty.html

Rendered by Mental Ray on Revit – Photo-realistic rendering

http://grevity.blogspot.kr/2011/09/beam-me-up-scotty.html

http://grevity.blogspot.kr/2011/09/beam-me-up-scotty.html

Next Class

Revit & BIM

Lab Exercises: - Modeling and Rendering by Autodesk Revit