033 Molecules of Cells

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    BIOLOGYCONCEPTS & CONNECTIONS

    Fourth Edition

    Copyright 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings

    Neil A. Campbell Jane B. Reece Lawrence G. Mitchell Martha R. Taylor

    From PowerPointLectures forBiology: Concepts & Connections

    CHAPTER 3The Molecules of Cells

    odules 3.!! " 3.20

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    Proteins re in!o"!ed in

    # ce""u"r structure

    # mo!ement

    # defense

    # trns$ort

    # communiction

    %mm"in hir is com$osed of structur"$roteins

    En'mes re(u"te chemic" rections

    PROTEINS

    3.11 Proteins are essential to the structures andactivities of life

    #igure 3.!!

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    Proteins re the most structur""' ndfunction""' di!erse of "ife)s mo"ecu"es

    # Their di!ersit' is *sed on different

    rrn(ements of mino cids

    3.1 Proteins are !ade fro! "ust # $inds of a!inoacids

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    Ech mino cid contins+

    # n mino (rou$

    # cr*o,'" (rou$

    # n - (rou$. which distin(uishes ech of the /0

    different mino cids

    Amino

    group

    Carboxyl (acid)

    group#igure 3.!2$

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    Ech mino cid hs s$ecific $ro$erties

    Leucine (Leu)

    #igure 3.!2B

    Serine (Ser) Cysteine (Cys)

    HYDROPHO!C HYDROPH!L!C

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    Ce""s "in1 mino cids to(ether *' deh'drtion

    s'nthesis

    The *onds *etween mino cid monomers rec""ed $e$tide *onds

    3.13 A!ino acids can %e lin$ed %& 'e'tide %onds

    Amino acid Amino acid Dipeptide

    De"ydration

    synt"esis

    Carboxyl

    group

    Amino

    group

    P#P$!D#

    O%D

    #igure 3.!3

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    2 $rotein. such s "'so'me. consists of$o"'$e$tide chins fo"ded into uni3ue sh$e

    # The sh$e determines the $rotein)s function

    #2 $rotein "oses its s$ecific function when its$o"'$e$tides unr!e"

    3.1( Overvie)* A 'rotein+s s'ecific sha'edeter!ines its function

    #igure 3.!%$ #igure 3.!%B

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    3.1, A 'rotein+s 'ri!ar& structure is its a!ino acidse-uence

    3.1 Secondar& structure is 'ol&'e'tide coilin/ orfoldin/ 'roduced %& h&dro/en %ondin/

    #igure 3.!&, !'

    Amino acid

    Hydrogenbond

    Alp"a "elix

    Pleated s"eet

    Primary

    structure

    Secondarystructure

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    3.10 Tertiar& structure is the overall sha'e of a'ol&'e'tide

    3.1 2uaternar& structure is the relationshi'a!on/ !ulti'le 'ol&'e'tides of a 'rotein

    #igure 3.!(, !)

    Polypeptide

    (single subunit

    o& transt"yretin)

    $ranst"yretin' it" &our

    identical polypeptide subunits

    $ertiary

    structure

    uaternary

    structure

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    Pu"in( mde im$ortnt contri*utions to ourunderstndin( of $rotein structure nd function

    3.1 Tal$in/ A%out Science* 4inus Paulin/contri%uted to our understandin/ of theche!istr& of life

    #igure 3.!*

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    Nuc"eic cids such nd 4N2 nd -N2 ser!e sthe *"ue$rints for $roteins

    The' u"timte"' contro" the "ife of ce""

    N5C4EIC ACI6S

    3.# Nucleic acids are infor!ation7rich 'ol&!ers ofnucleotides

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    The monomers of nuc"eic cids re nuc"eotides

    P"osp"ate

    group

    Sugar#igure 3.20$

    # Ech nuc"eotide is com$osed of su(r.$hos$hte. nd nitro(enous *se

    %itrogenousbase (A)

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    The su(r nd $hos$hte form the *c1*onefor the nuc"eic cid

    Sugar*p"osp"ate

    bac+bone

    %ucleotide

    #igure 3.20B

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    4N2 consists of two$o"'nuc"eotides twisted

    round ech other in dou*"e he"i,

    #igure 3.20C

    # The se3uence of the

    four 1inds ofnitro(enous *ses in4N2 crries (enetic

    informtion %itrogenousbase (A)

    ase

    pair

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    Stretches of 4N2 mo"ecu"e c""ed (enes$ro(rm the mino cid se3uences of $roteins

    # 4N2 informtion is trnscri*ed into -N2.

    sin("e5strnded nuc"eic cid

    # -N2 is then trns"ted into the $rimr'structure of $roteins