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   i   @  u  p  m .  e  s

Universidad Politécnica de Madrid

Architecture of a WSN Topologies

© entro de !lectr"nica#ndustrial

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Wireless Sensor Net%or&s

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#ntroduction

,Wireless Sensor Net%or&s can -e created in verdi/erent %as

, Topolog is the 0art1 of organi2ing the net%or&  The topolog is esta-lished - a protocol of topolog -uilding

or - phsical speciali2ation of the nodes.  This information is used - the routing protocol 3routing is the

techni4ue of selecting the nodes -et%een the source and the

destination5

,WSNs are especial6 -ecause7 3the are %ireless5 a %ireless net%or& is 8at in the sense that each node can

access to all the nodes under its communication range.

ma -e ver dense6 resulting in man connection possi-ilities.

,9ne of the main characteristics of a WSN is that it hasno infrastructure.

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N9;! S!T

 The main issue a-out the topolog is7

,o-ustness ?atenc

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N9;! S!T

 The main issue a-out the topolog is7

,

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N9;! S!T

 The main issue a-out the topolog is7

,

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N9;! S!T

 The main issue a-out the topolog is7

,

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 Tree

!ach node is in a di/erent level and each node onl cancommunicate %ith its parent and children

A pro-lem is that if one node fails6 its descendants can do it too6unless the net%or& recompose automaticall

9ther pro-lem is the -ottlenec&s creation6 speciall close to the-ase station.

Main advantagesC

?o% po%er consumption ?o% memor re4uirements for routing ?o% processing re4uirements once the net%or& has -een

created

Root

Tree topology

High Scalability -

High communication capabilities -

Low power consumption +Communication symmetry -

Low memory requirements +

Low processing requirements +

HW homogeneity =

Low cost +

Low latency =

Compatibility with other deployment methods =

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Star

Eer %idel used in 0infrastructured1 net%or&s 3WiFi5

Gottlenec&6 no spatial scala-ilit6 high po%er6 not ver appropriate

for WSNs Main advantagesC

9ne router6 man nodes Widel e@tended 3WiFi tpe5

Star topology

High Scalability -

High communication capabilities -

Low power consumption -Communication symmetry -

Low memory requirements +

Low processing requirements +

HW homogeneity =

Low cost ~

Low latency ~

Compatibility with other deployment methods -

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Mesh

Mesh topolog !ach node is autonomous and is connected to

other nodes n such a %a that data can -e sent-et%een an t%o nodes

IigGee can -e mesh  This tpe of topolog is useful in WSNs6 mainl to

carr out distri-uted processingesh topology

High Scalability -

High communication capabilities +

Low power consumption -

Communication symetry +

Low memory requirements -

Low processing requirements -

HW homogeneity +

Low cost +Low latency -

Compatibility with other deployment methods +

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Gac&-one

esh topology

High Scalability +

High communication capabilities -

Low power consumption +

Communication symmetry =

Low memory requirements +Low processing requirements +

HW homogeneity =

Low cost +

Low latency -

Compatibility with other deployment methods +

Backboneelement

A -ac&-one is a linear net%or& of nodes

 The nodes %ithin the -ac&-one deal %ith the net%or&

processing and the traJc management Gottlenec&s6 li&e in the tree.

More simple nodes can -e connected to the -ac&-one

StarC it is a -ac&-one %ith one node in the 0-ac&1

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0lustered1

esh topology

High Scalability   +High communication capabilities   -

Low power consumption   =Communication symmetry   +Low memory requirements   +Low processing requirements   +HW homogeneity   -Low cost   +Low latency   -Compatibility with other deployment methods   =

Clusterheads

 The net%or& is organi2ed in groups called clusters

Some nodes have special characteristics locall

!ach group is controlled - a cluster head ?ocal referee reate more sta-le routing ta-les  The organi2e the traJc -efore reaching the sin&  The donKt need special

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9verla

Similar to clustered, but with physical hierarchy 

 Therefore6 the nodes %ith special functions are more

po%erful #n these cases6 the cluster heads can create a so called

meta net%or&6 more relia-le -ecause the nodes are morepo%erful

Clusterheads with

special hardware

esh topology

High Scalability +High communication capabilities +Low power consumption -Communication symmetry +Low memory requirements +Low processing requirements +HW homogeneity =Low cost -Low latency +Compatibility with other deployment methods -

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Pu-lic garden

WSN topolog proposalC an e@ample

Eirtual fence in a school )'' @ B)' m

!ach -o*girl has a WSNnode

 There are o-stacles3trees6 plants6 others5

%e have nodes %ithdi/erent sensors 3%hichones=5 and others %ithactuators 3%hich ones=5

 The responsi-les of theschool ma also havenodes and sensors

-uilding

plaground

  r  o  a   d

fenceMain entrance

   ;  o

   N  o   t  e  n   t  e  r

#> L Usound 3presence5 radioGac&-one topolog

>adio6 #;6 sound actuator63accelerometer5 L mesh

>adio6 #;6 star topolog

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Summar

Mesh Tree Backbone JIK Clustered Overla

High Scalability   - = + = + +

High communication capabilities   + - - - - +

Low power consumption   - + + + = -

Communication symetry   + - = = + +

Low memory requirements   - + + + + +

Low processing requirements   - = + = = +

HW homogeneity   + = = = - =

Low cost   + + + + + -

Low latency   - = - = = +

Compatibility with other deployment methods   + = + = = -