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RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, BANGALORE, KARNATAKA PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR DISSERTATION 1. NAME OF THE CANDIDATE AND ADDRESS MS. SILPA. S. DHARAN GOUTHAM COLLEGE OF NURSING, MANJUNATH NAGAR, WEST OF CHORD ROAD, RAJAJINAGAR, BANGALORE 560010. 2. NAME OF THE INSTITUTE GOUTHAM COLLEGE OF NURSING, MANJUNATH NAGAR, WEST OF CHORD ROAD, RAJAJINAGAR, BANGALORE 560010. 3. COURSE OF STUDY AND SUBJECT M.SC NURSING 1 YEAR PSYCHIATRIC NURSING 4. DATE OF ADMISSION TO COURSE 25/09/2010 5. TITLE OF THE TOPIC “A STUDY TO EVALUATE THE EFFECTIVENESS OF REIKI THERAPY ON REDUCTION OF DEPRESSION AMONG DEPRESSIVE PATIENTS IN SELECTED 1

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RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES,BANGALORE, KARNATAKA

PROFORMA FOR REGISTRATION OF SUBJECT FOR DISSERTATION

1. NAME OF THE

CANDIDATE AND

ADDRESS

MS. SILPA. S. DHARAN

GOUTHAM COLLEGE OF NURSING,

MANJUNATH NAGAR, WEST OF

CHORD ROAD, RAJAJINAGAR,

BANGALORE 560010.

2. NAME OF THE

INSTITUTE

GOUTHAM COLLEGE OF NURSING,

MANJUNATH NAGAR, WEST OF

CHORD ROAD, RAJAJINAGAR,

BANGALORE 560010.

3. COURSE OF STUDY AND

SUBJECT

M.SC NURSING

1 YEAR PSYCHIATRIC NURSING

4. DATE OF ADMISSION TO

COURSE

25/09/2010

5. TITLE OF THE TOPIC “A STUDY TO EVALUATE THE

EFFECTIVENESS OF REIKI THERAPY

ON REDUCTION OF DEPRESSION

AMONG DEPRESSIVE PATIENTS IN

SELECTED HOSPITAL AT

BANGALORE”.

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6. BRIEF RESUME OF THE INTENDED WORK

6.1 NEED FOR STUDY

“Depression is nourished by a lifetime of un grieved and un forgiven hurts”.

Depression is more than just the ‘’blues’’ being ‘’down in the dump’’

or experiencing temporary feeling, sadness in the time to time in our lives. It

is a serious condition that affects a person’s mind and body impacts all

aspects of everyday life. The World Health Organization has predicted that

Depression is the 4th leading contributor to the global burden of disease in

2000. By the year 2020, Depression projected to reach 2nd place of ranking of

DALYS [ Disability adjusted life years] calculated for all ages , both sexes.

Depression estimated to affect 340 million people globally.1

World Health Organization, statistics says that Depression is common,

affective about 340 million people in world wide. Depression is the number

one occupation disease of the 21st century . At its worst, Depression can lead

to suicide atargic fatality associated with the loss of about 850000 lives every

year. In a year nearly 13 million and 14 million people are experiencing

Depressive disorder. 97% people Depression are due to their work, home life

and relationships. Depression among the youth has increased from 2% to12%

in the last five years. Globally 3 out of every 5 visits to the Doctor are for

stress related depression problems. 10% of women experiencing post partum

Depression after birth of a child. 16% adult are affecting in an year. 6 million

elderly people suffer from Depression in world wide.2

NHANES [National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey ] the

prevalence of Major Depressive Disorder [MDD] was significantly greater in

White individuals compared with African Americans[10.4%,7.5%].3

National Institute Of Mental Health ( NIMH) explains this from the

research studies done Americans approximately 6.5% women are suffering

from Depression in every year. Male population 3.3% that will suffer from a

Major Depressive Disorder,4% of childrens also suffering from Depression

combained totaling of 5.3% Americans are suffering from Depression.4

In United States,8.3% of adolescents suffer from Depression and 7

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million women are clinically Depressed and 2.5% of childrens are suffering

from Depression in every year.5

In Countries, prevalence rate of Depression lowest rates are reported

Asian and Southeast Asian Countries. For eg, Taiwan reports less than 2% and

Korea 3% Western Countries typically report higher rates, such as Canada7%,

Newzealand11% and France16%.Also, Countries plagued by protracted civil

war, such as Bosnia and Northern Ireland, reports higher rates of Depression.6

In India the studies have been found that over all prevalence of

Depression was 15% higher in females in 16.3% and in males 13.9% .

Depressed mood is the most common problem of Depression that is 30.8%

tiredness, 30.0% while more severe symptoms such as Suicidal thoughts

[12.4%] speech and motor retardation is 12.4% were less common. The

prevalence of Depression was higher in low income group [5.9%] Prevalence

of Depression is also higher among Divorced 26.5% and Widowed 20%

compared to currently married that is 15.4%. 15% Employees in India are

under stress.7

In Karnataka Statistics says that the prevalence rate of Depression was

11.2% and the overall prevalence of Depressive Disorders among the elderly

of 60 yrs and above was found to 21.7%. The prevalence rate of Depression

among males and females were 19.9% and 22.6% respectively.8

In Bangalore the Garden City of India. Where 9.1% peoples are

estimated to be suffer from Depression. The study findings shows that 25%

men in the Bangalore were Depressed, but only 18% of women were

Depressed and in college age population 20.7%. 9

Reiki therapy is refered to as the ‘’universal life force’’. To bring over

all healing to the body, mind, and spirit. Reiki therapy can help patients

suffering from Depression in several ways. Depression often causes, stress,

fatigue and painful physical symptom that Reiki therapy can help patient learn

to relax and find ways to lower stress levels. Relaxation Techniques can bring

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about a general sense of well being that can ease Depression symptoms.10

A study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of Reiki therapy in

reducing Depression in Depressive patients. The study, reports and claims

regarding the use and efficacy of Reiki are enumerated and evaluated with the

aim of trying to establish whether Reiki has been used and there for could be

used to treat Depression patients. Depression is a most common mental health

problem, with higher prevalence rates in women and men. The study

concluded that Depression seems to be among the most common conditions

for which patients seeks alternatives like Reiki therapy.11

Considering the above facts and review of literature, investigator felt

that Reiki therapy will reduce the Depression among Depressive patients .So

the researcher has interested to see the effectiveness of Reiki therapy to reduce

Depression among Depressive patients.

6.2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE

Review of literature is key step in research process. The typical

purpose of analytical a review existing literature is to generate research

question to identify what is known and what is un known about the topic. The

major goal of review of literature is to develop a strong knowledge base to

carry out research scholarly activity.

The extensive review of literature has been done and organized

according to the following three aspects.

1. Studies related to Depression.

2. Studies related to Reiki therapy.

3. Studies related to effectiveness of Reiki therapy in Depressive patients.

1. Studies related to depression:

A Study was conducted to determine the prevalence rate of

Depression. The Study sampled 8449 people between the age group of 15 and

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40 years. The study design controlled for age, gender, educational level and

marital status, allowing researchers to pinpoint differences that could be

accounted to by race/ ethinicity. Based on their responses to the DSM-IIITR

Questionnaire. Depressed subjects were characterized as Major Depressive

Disorder[MDD],Chronic Dysphoric Mood [CDM] Dysthmic Disorder [DD].

Though prevalence of MDD significantly greater in White individuals

compared with African Americans [10.4%,7.5%] DD[7.5%,5.7%] & CDM

[13.5%,7.6%] than White participants .Recurrent Depression was more

common in White participants [18.2%]than in African American participants

[13.3%]. The study was concluded that the Depression is an major life

threatening disease seen in the population.12

A Study was conducted among 627 elderly individuals of 60 years and

above in the rural area of Udupi Taluk. The objectives was to determine the

prevalence of Depression and to study correlates of Depression

Among elderly. In this study, the prevalence of Depression among elderly

population was determined to be21.7%. The prevalence in the age group of 80

years and above and those individuals who had a history of death in the family

with in the sixth months were found to be 34.4% and 52.4% respectively. The

study concluded that these two correlates were indepently associated with

Depressive disorders in elderly population.13

2. Studies related to Reiki therapy.

A study was conducted to examine the effectiveness of Reiki as a

mechanism for reducing stress and achieving relaxation and involved an

examination of physiological and biochemical effects patients after receiving

30 minutes of Reiki. Random sampling was used for 23 people in a state of

good health. Biological indicators related to the response of stress reduction

includes ; anxiety, degree of salivation and cortisol, blood pressure, galvanic

response epidermal,(GSR), muscle tension and skin temperature. Data were

collected before during and immediately after the session. Comparing before

and after measures, anxiety was significantly reduced, t(22)=2.45 p=0.02

salivary IgA levels rose significantly t(19)=2.33,p=0.03,however,salivary

cortisol was not statistically significant .There was a significant drop in

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systolic blood pressure(SBp) ,f(2,44)=6.60P<0.01.Skin temperature increased

and elecro myo graph (EMG) decreased during the treatment, these study

suggested that both biochemical and physiological changes in the direction of

relaxation.14

A study was conducted to examine the effects of Reiki on fatigue,

pain, anxiety and overall quality of life. this study was a counter balanced

cross over trial of 2 conditions.(1) in Reiki condition, participants received 5

consecutive daily sessions, followed by a 1 week wash out monitoring period

of no treatment, then 2additional Reiki sessions and finally 2 weeks of no

treatment, and (2) in the rest condition participants were rested for

approximately 1 hour each day for 5 consecutive days, followed by a 1 week

wash out monitoring period of no scheduled resting and additional week of no

treatment. In both conditions participants completed questionnaires

investigating Cancer- related fatigue(Functional Assessment of Cancer

Therapy Fatigue Subscale[FACT-F]) and overall quality of life (Functional

Assessment of Cancer Therapy, General version [FACT-G]) before and after

all Reiki or resting sessions. They also completed a visual analog scale

[Edmonton Symptom Assessment System[ESAS] assessing daily tiredness,

pain and anxiety before and after each session of Reiki or rest. 16 patients

(13women) participated in the trial.8 were randomized to each order of

conditions (Reiki then rest; rest then Reiki ) They were screened for ESAS

tiredness item, and those scoring greater than 3 on the 0 to 10 scale were

eligible for the study. Fatigue on the FACT-F decreased with the Reiki

condition (P=.05) over the course of all 7 treatment. In addition participants in

the Reiki condition experienced significant improvement in quality of

life(FACT-G) compared to those in the resting condition(p<.05)on daily

assessment (ESAS) in the Reiki condition . pre session versus post session 5

scores indicated significant decrease in tiredness(p<.001), pain(p<.005),and

anxiety (p<.01) which were not seen in the resting period. The study

suggested that Reiki therapy has an positive effect on Cancer related fatigue,

pain, anxiety and overall quality of life.15

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3. Studies related to effectiveness of Reiki therapy in Depressive patients.

A Study was conducted the effectiveness of Reiki therapy in

Depression. The research design used in this study was pretest\ posttest

treatment and wait list control design.76 self selected participants from

general population were selected. They were randomly divided in to two

groups. one was received Reiki therapy another group was not received. Zung

Self – Rating Depression scale was used for measuring Depression. 82% of

patients were reduced Depression and 18% of patients are still like that. The

study concluded that Reiki therapy effective for treating Depression.16

A Study was conducted to evaluate the effect of Reiki in Depression

patients. 20 participants were randomly assigned to either an experimental or

wait list control group. The pre and post test measures by Beck Depression

Inventory Scale. The research design included an experimental component to

examine changes in these measures and a descriptive component [semi

structured interview] to elicit information about the experience of having

Reiki treatment. There was76% reduction occur in experimental group and

24% have no changes. The study concluded that a significant differences

were observed between the experimental and control groups on

measurement.17

A Study was conducted for Long term effects of Reiki therapy on

Depression.45 participants with symptoms of Depression volunteered for this

study. Participants were randomly assigned to one of three groups; Hands on

(touch)Reiki, Distance (non touch) Reiki, and Distance Reiki placebo. The

study suggested that Reiki therapy have an significant reduction in

Depression. participants were not received aware of which group would be

receiving placebo Reiki.12 Reiki masters, and three second degree Reiki

practioners were chosen to conduct the one to one and one- half hour sessions.

Each participants received one treatment weekly for 6 weeks. Three tests,

designed to measure levels of Depression, were administered each participants

before and after the series of 6 sessions.1 year later, the participants retook the

three tests. After testing was completed, the control placebo group received

another 6 weeks of Reiki treatments, this time with actual Reiki, and three test

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were administered to this group again findings of the study demonstrated that

there were no changes in the control\ placebo group until they received 6

session of actual Reiki a year after the first 6 placebo sessions. Both the hands

on and the distance Reiki were effective in relieving symptoms of

Depression. The study concluded that Reiki therapy have an long term effects

in reduction of Depression.18

6.3 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

A study to evaluate the effectiveness of Reiki therapy on reduction of

Depression among Depressive patients in selected hospital at Bangalore.

6.4 OBJECTIVES OF THE PROBLEM

1. To assess the existing level of Depression among Depressive patients in

selected hospital at Bangalore.

2. To determine the effectiveness of Reiki therapy on reducing Depression

among Depressive patients in experimental and control group.

3. To find out the association between interventional scores with selected

demographic variables among experimental and control group.

4.

6.5 OPERATIONAL DEFINITIONS

Evaluate : It refers to the process of evaluating the subjects and rating it

based on its important features.

Effectiveness : It refers significant difference between pre and post

interventional scores on Depression after administering Reiki therapy.

Reiki therapy: It refers to a gentle non invasive methods of hands on healing

that provides balance to the physical, emotional, spiritual and mental issues in

life.

Depression: Refers to an emotional state of mind characterized by feeling of

gloom and inadequacy, leading to withdrawal. It is measured by modified

Beck Depression Inventory Scale.

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6.6 HYPOTHESIS

H1: There will be a significant difference between the pre and post

interventional scores regarding the Depression among Depressive patients of

experimental group of after administering Reiki therapy.

H2: There will be a significant difference between pretest and posttest scores

regarding Depression among Depressive patients of control group.

H3: There will be a significant difference between pre and post

interventional scores in Reiki therapy on reducing Depression among

Depressive patients of experimental and control group.

H4: There will be a significant association between interventional scores with

their selected demographic variables among experimental and control group.

6.7 ASSUMPTIONS

1. It is assumed that Depression patients may have inadequate knowledge

regarding Reiki therapy.

2. It is assumed that Depression may reduced after giving Reiki therapy

6.8 DELIMITATIONS

1. The study is delimited to Depression patients only.

. 2. The study is delimited to 40 patients only.

3. The study is delimited to only selected hospital at Bangalore.

7. MATERIALES AND METHODS

7.1 SOURCE OF DATA The subject who diagnosed as Depressive

patients admitted in selected hospital at

Bangalore.

7.2 METHODS OF COLLECTION OF DATA

7.2.1 SAMPLING CRITERIA

INCLUSION CRITERIA

1. The study includes Depression patients

of both gender.

2. The patients who are available during

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the period of study.

3. The patients who are able to

understand Kannada and English.

EXCLUSION CRITERIA 1. The patients who are not willing to

participate in this study

2. The geriatric depressive patients.

7.2.2 RESEARCH DESIGN The research design adopted for the present

study is True Experimental Design Pretest

and posttest control group design.

7.2.3 VARIABLES UNDER THE

STUDY-

1. INDEPENDET VARIABLE

Reiki therapy

2. DEPENDENT VARIABLE

Reduce the Depression among

Depressive patients.

3. DEMOGRAPHIC VARIABLE

Age, Gender, Socio economic status,

Occupation, education, dietary pattern,

alcoholism, smoking, marital

status ,Duration of hospital stay, family

history of psychiatric diseases

7.2.4 SETTING Study will be conducted in psychiatric wards

of selected hospital at Bangalore.

7.2.5 SAMPLE TECHNIQUE The technique adopted for the present study

is simple random sampling by using lottery

method without replacement, 20

experimental group and 20control group.

7.2.6 SAMPLE SIZE The sample size consist of 40 depression

patients (experimental group 20,control group

20)

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7.2.7 TOOLES OF RESEARCH Section 1: Structured self administered

questionnaire will be developed by researcher

to assess demographic variables among

depressive patients.

Section 2:Modified Beck Depression

Inventory Scale is used to assess the

Depression.

7.2.8 COLLECTION OF DATA 1.A Prior formal permission will be obtained

from Hospital authority.

2.Informed consent will be obtained from

subjects after explaining the purpose of the

study.

3. Structured self administered questionnaire

is used to collect the demographic variables.

4.Modified Beck Depression Inventory Scale

used to assess pretest scores among

experimental group and control group.

5.Administering Reiki therapy for the

experimental group for 30 minutes once per

day for one week. No treatment for control

group.

6.Post test will be conducted after 7 days with

same scale among experimental group and

control group.

7.BeckDepression Inventory Scale used to

assess pretest scores among experimental and

control group .

8.Duration of data collection will be 30 days.

7.2.8 METHOD AND DATA

ANALYSIS AND

PRESENTATION

The investigator will obtain data using

descriptive and inferential statistics and the

plan of data analysis will be as follows.

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1.Organize the data in a master sheet and a

computer.

2.Frequencies and percentage for the

analyses of background data.

3.Assessment of pretest by using data

sheet ,mean and standard deviation

4..Effectiveness of interventional program

analyzed by ’’t’’ test.

5.Association with demographic

variables analyzed by ‘ χ2 ’ (chi- square)

7.3 DOES THE STUDY ENQUIRE ANY INVESTIGATION OR

INTERVENTION TO BE CONDUCTED ON PATIENTS OR OTHER

HUMAN OR ANIMALS ? IF SO DESCRIBE BRIEFLY.

Yes, the study requires Reiki therapy as an invention to reduce

Depression among Depressive patients in selected Hospitals at Bangalore.

7.4 HAS THE ETHICAL CLEARENCE BEEN OBTAINED FROM YOUR

INSTITUTION IN CASEOF 7.3?

Yes, informed consent will be obtained from the institution authorities

and subjects . Privacy ,confidentiality and anonymity will be guarded .

Scientific objectivity of the study will be maintained with honesty and

impartiality.

LIST OF REFERENCES:

1. Murray C.J and Lopez A.D, Global burden of disease study, Lancet

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2000, Page No.1498-1504.

2. The WHO, World Mental Health Consortium, Prevalence and Severity

of depression,2006, Page No.2581-2590.

3. Nguyen T and Flack C, Third National Health and Nutritional Survey,

Comparative prevalence of Depression by race / ethnicity, Newyork

2004.

4. Bethesda MD ,Dept of Health and Human Services, National Institute

of Mental Health ,U.S 2001.

5. Nierenberg A.A, Fava M, Illness Beliefs and Prevalence of Depressed

American Patients , J Nerv Ment Disc 2004, Page No.324-327.

6. Sethi B.B ,and Sharma M, Depressive Disorders in the Developing

World, Int J Soc Psychiatry 2002.Page No.217-222.

7. Nandi D.N and Ajmany S, The incidence of Mental Disorders in one

year in a rural community in India , Indian J Psychiatry 2006,Page

No.79-87.

8. Ramachandhran V. Menon and Sarada M ,Arunagiris Socio cultural

factors in Depression,Indian J Psychiatry2002, PageNo.268-273.

9. Berardi D and Leggieri G ,Depression in Primary Care- as National

Wide Epidemiological Survey2002, Page No.397-400.

10. Sasikala G, Nightingale Nursing Times, Volume 6,September 2010,

Page No. 34-36.

11. Zuleikha Ahmed ,Effectiveness of Reiki on Depression, Alternative

Therapies in Health and Medicine, October 2003.

12. Neauh N and Sonawalla S, Screening for Major Depression in Asian

Americans , A Comparison of the Beck and Chinese Depression

Inventory ,AC-a Psychiar Scand 2002, Page No.252-257.

13. Nandi P.S and Banerjee G, A Study of Psychiatric Morbidity of elderly

population of rural community, Indian J Psychiatry 2003,Page No.122-

129.

14. Wardell D and Engebreston J,Biological Correlates of Reiki Touch

Healing, J Advanced Nursing2001, Page No.439-445.

15. Alberta and Tsang KL ,Department of Psychology, University of

Calgary, Integr Cancer Ther 2007.

16. Vera A. Poter Phd Holos University Graduate Seminary,Reiki Effects

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on Depression.

17. Richeson NE and Spross Ja, College of Nursing and Health

Professionals, University of Southern Maine, Portland, U.S.A 2010.

18. Shore and Adina G ,Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicines

2004, Page No.42-48.

19. Polit D.F.et.al,Nursing research principles and methods,3rd edition,J.B.

Lippincott Company,Philadelphia,2003,Page No:30-35.

20. Sundar Rao P.S.et.al.,An Introduction to biostatics,3rd edition,Practice

Hall of India Limited,New Delhi,1996, Page No:98-106.

21. http://EZIneArticles.com/?expert=Haroldcortez inJune2008.

22. http://www.happymoods.info\incidence and Depression –prevalence.

23. http://www.cureresearch.com/d/depression/ stas-Country.htm.

24. http://www.veraporter.com/research.htm/.

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