*1847909074*

CHEMISTRY 0620/31

Paper 3 Theory (Core) May/June 2021

1 hour 15 minutes

You must answer on the question paper.

No additional materials are needed.

INSTRUCTIONS ● Answer all questions. ● Use a black or dark blue pen. You may use an HB pencil for any diagrams or graphs. ● Write your name, centre number and candidate number in the boxes at the top of the page. ● Write your answer to each question in the space provided. ● Do not use an erasable pen or correction fluid. ● Do not write on any bar codes. ● You may use a calculator. ● You should show all your working and use appropriate units.

INFORMATION ● The total mark for this paper is 80. ● The number of marks for each question or part question is shown in brackets [ ]. ● The Periodic Table is printed in the question paper.

IB21 06_0620_31/3RP© UCLES 2021 [Turn over

This document has 16 pages. Any blank pages are indicated.

Cambridge IGCSE™

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1 (a) Theelectronicstructuresoffiveatoms,A,B,C,DandE,areshown.

A B C D E

Answerthefollowingquestionsabouttheseelectronicstructures. Eachelectronicstructuremaybeusedonce,morethanonceornotatall.

Statewhichelectronicstructure,A,B,C,D or E,represents:

(i) anatominGroupIIofthePeriodicTable

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) anatomwithaprotonnumberof13

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) anatomthatformsastableionwithasinglenegativecharge

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iv) anatomofanon-metalthatformsagiantcovalentstructure

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(v) anatomofametalusedinfoodcontainers.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Completethetabletoshowthenumberofelectrons,neutronsandprotonsinthevanadiumatomandcalciumionshown.

numberofelectrons

numberofneutrons

numberofprotons

51V23 23

48Ca2+20 28

[3]

[Total:8]

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2 Thetableshowsthemassesofsomeoftheionsin1000cm3offruitjuice.

nameofion formulaofion massofionin1000cm3

offruitjuice/mg

NH4+ 43

calcium Ca2+ 79

chloride Cl – 135

lithium Li+ 1

magnesium Mg2+ 80

nitrate NO3– 35

phosphate PO43– 120

potassium K+ 575

sodium Na+ 120

SO42– 105

(a) Answerthesequestionsusingonlytheinformationinthetable.

(i) Statewhichnegativeionhasthehighestmassin1000cm3offruitjuice.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Givetheformulaeoftheionsinammoniumsulfate.

................................................................and............................................................... [1]

(iii) Calculatethemassofsodiumionsin200cm3offruitjuice.

mass=..............................mg[1]

(b) Describeatestforlithiumions.

test .............................................................................................................................................

observations.............................................................................................................................. [2]

(c) Ionsoftheelementpotassium,K,arepresentinmostfertilisers.

Statethenamesoftwootherelementsthatareinmostfertilisers.

1 .................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................. [2]

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(d) Orangejuiceisacidic.

DrawacirclearoundthepHoforangejuice.

pH 4 pH 7 pH 10 pH 13 [1]

(e) Somesoilsareacidic.

Givethenamesoftwocompoundsthatareusedtomakesoilslessacidic.

1 .................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................. [2]

(f) Hydrogenchlorideisanacidicgasproducedwhenconcentratedhydrochloricacidevaporates.

(i) Describethearrangementandseparationofthemoleculesinhydrogenchloridegas.

arrangement.......................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

separation...........................................................................................................................

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(ii) Alongglasstubeissetupasshown.

long glass tube

cotton wool soaked inconcentrated hydrochloric acid

damp blue litmus paper

Atfirst,thebluelitmuspaperdoesnotturnred. Afterashorttime,thelitmuspaperturnsred.

Explaintheseobservationsusingthekineticparticlemodel.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

.......................................................................................................................................[3]

[Total:15]

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3 ThetableshowssomepropertiesoffourGroupIelements.

element meltingpoint/ °C

boilingpoint/ °C

atomicradius/nm

sodium 98 883 0.191

potassium 63 760

rubidium 39 0.250

caesium 29 671 0.272

(a) (i) Completethetablebypredicting: ● theboilingpointofrubidium ● theatomicradiusofpotassium.

[2]

(ii) DescribethetrendinthemeltingpointoftheGroupIelementsdownthegroup.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Deducethephysicalstateofpotassiumat60°C. Explainyouranswer.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Caesiumisaradioactiveelementwithaprotonnumberof55.

(i) Defineprotonnumber.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(ii) Stateoneindustrialuseofradioactiveisotopes.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Sodiumhydride,NaH,reactswithiron(III)oxide.

(i) Balancetheequationforthisreaction.

Fe2O3+3NaH→.....Fe+.....NaOH [2]

(ii) Explainhowthisequationshowsthatiron(III)oxideisreduced.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

[Total:10]

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4 Thestructureofmalicacidisshown.

C

CH

O OH

HO

CH

C

H

O OH

(a) (i) Onthestructuredrawacirclearoundthealcoholfunctionalgroup. [1]

(ii) Deducetheformulaofmalicacidtoshowthenumberofcarbon,hydrogenandoxygenatoms.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) WhenmalicacidisheateditformscompoundF.

ThestructureofcompoundFisshown.

C

CH

O OH

C

C

H

O OH

ExplainwhycompoundFisdescribedasunsaturated.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) CompoundFcanformpolymers.

(i) Statethemeaningofthetermpolymer.

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Statethenameofthepolymerformedwhenetheneispolymerised.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

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(d) Ethanoicacidisacarboxylicacid.

Describetheobservationsmadewhendiluteethanoicacidreactswith:

magnesium................................................................................................................................

litmussolution............................................................................................................................ [2]

(e) ThegraphshowshowthepHchangeswhendiluteethanoicacidisaddedslowlytoaqueoussodiumhydroxide.

14

12

10

8

6

4

20 10 20

volume of diluteethanoic acid added / cm3

30 40

pH

(i) DeducethepHoftheaqueoussodiumhydroxidebeforetheadditionofdiluteethanoicacid.

pH=..............................[1]

(ii) DeducethevolumeofdiluteethanoicacidaddedwhenthepHisneutral.

..............................cm3 [1]

[Total:10]

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5 (a) Calciumoxideismadebythethermaldecompositionofcalciumcarbonate.

(i) Statethemeaningofthetermthermal decomposition.

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Describeatestforcalciumions.

test ......................................................................................................................................

observations....................................................................................................................... [2]

(b) Carbondioxideisproducedwhendilutehydrochloricacidreactswithcalciumcarbonate.

CaCO3 + 2HCl →CaCl 2 + CO2 + H2O

(i) Completethediagramtoshowhowtomeasurethevolumeofcarbondioxideproducedduringthisreaction.

dilutehydrochloric acid

calcium carbonate [2]

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(ii) Describetheeffectofeachofthefollowingontherateofreactionofdilutehydrochloricacidwithcalciumcarbonate.

● Theconcentrationofhydrochloricacidisdecreased.

Allotherconditionsstaythesame.

.............................................................................................................................................

● Thetemperatureisincreased.

Allotherconditionsstaythesame.

............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(c) CarbondioxideisalsoformedwhenthehydrocarbonC3H8iscompletelycombusted.

(i) Statethemeaningofthetermhydrocarbon.

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) ThehydrocarbonC3H8iscalledpropane.

Namethehomologousseriesthatpropanebelongsto.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(iii) Nametwosubstancesformedbytheincompletecombustionofpropane.

................................................................and............................................................... [2]

[Total:13]

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6 Thisquestionisaboutwater.

(a) Thewaterinriversoftencontainspollutantssuchasacids.

DescribehowuniversalindicatorpapercanbeusedtodeterminethepHvalueofthewater.

....................................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [2]

(b) Thediagramshowssomeofthestagesinwatertreatment.

impurewater

aerationtank

mixingtank

chlorineair

purifiedwaterfilter

(i) Airisblownthroughtheaerationtank.

Namethetwogasesthatmakeupmostoftheair.

................................................................and............................................................... [2]

(ii) Afteraeration,thewaterstillcontainslargeinsolubleparticles.

Thefilterismadeupoffinesandandstones.

Explainhowthefilterhelpspurifythewater.

.............................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................... [2]

(iii) Explainwhychlorineisusedinwatertreatment.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(c) Anhydrouscobalt(II)chlorideisusedtotestforwater.

Statethecolourchangeinthistest.

from................................................................to................................................................ [2]

[Total:9]

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7 (a) Moltenlead(II)bromideiselectrolysedusingcarbonelectrodes.

(i) Statetheproductsofthiselectrolysisat:

thenegativeelectrode........................................................................................................

thepositiveelectrode.......................................................................................................... [2]

(ii) Statethenameofanothersubstancewhichcanbeusedasaninertelectrode.

....................................................................................................................................... [1]

(b) Whenaqueousmagnesiumchlorideiselectrolysedusingcarbonelectrodes,hydrogengasisproducedatthenegativeelectrode.

Complete thedot-and-crossdiagram toshow theelectronarrangement inonemoleculeofhydrogen.

[1]

[Total:4]

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8 ThisquestionisaboutelementsinthePeriodicTable.

(a) Thetableshowssomepropertiesoffiveelements,P,Q,R,SandT.

element meltingpoint/ °C

densitying/cm3

electricalconductivityofthesolid

atomicradius/nm

P 1535 7.86 verygood 0.125

Q –7 3.12 doesnotconduct 0.114

R 1495 8.90 verygood 0.126

S –157 0.0035 doesnotconduct 0.110

T 839 1.54 verygood 0.174

Useonlytheelementsshowninthetabletoanswerthisquestion.

Statewhichtwooftheelements,P,Q,R,SandT,arecovalentmolecules. Givetworeasonsforyouranswer.

elements..............................................................and..............................................................

reason1.....................................................................................................................................

reason2..................................................................................................................................... [3]

(b) ElementTisontheleft-handsideofthePeriodicTable. Suggestwhetheritsoxideisacidicorbasic.

Giveareasonforyouranswer.

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

(c) KryptonisanelementinGroupVIIIofthePeriodicTable.

Explain,usingideasaboutelectronicstructure,whykryptonisunreactive.

....................................................................................................................................................

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

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(d) SodiumisanelementinGroupIofthePeriodicTable.Ironisatransitionelement.

Ironhasahighermeltingpointandhigherboilingpointthansodium.

GivetwootherwaysinwhichthepropertiesoftransitionelementsdifferfromthepropertiesofGroupIelements.

1 .................................................................................................................................................

2 ................................................................................................................................................. [2]

(e) Thetablecomparesthereactivityoffourmetalswithdilutehydrochloricacid.

metal reactionwithdilutehydrochloricacid

calcium reactsveryrapidly

copper noreaction

iron reactsrapidly

nickel reactsslowly

Putthefourmetalsinorderoftheirreactivity. Puttheleastreactivemetalfirst.

least reactive most reactive

[2]

(f) Hotironreactswithsteam.Thereactionisreversible.

Completetheequationbywritingthesymbolforareversiblereactioninthebox.

3Fe+4H2O Fe3O4 + 4H2 [1]

(g) Steelisanalloyofiron.

Statethemeaningofthetermalloy.

.............................................................................................................................................. [1]

[Total:11]

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Permission to reproduce items where third-party owned material protected by copyright is included has been sought and cleared where possible. Every reasonable effort has been made by the publisher (UCLES) to trace copyright holders, but if any items requiring clearance have unwittingly been included, the publisher will be pleased to make amends at the earliest possible opportunity.

To avoid the issue of disclosure of answer-related information to candidates, all copyright acknowledgements are reproduced online in the Cambridge Assessment International Education Copyright Acknowledgements Booklet. This is produced for each series of examinations and is freely available to download at www.cambridgeinternational.org after the live examination series.

Cambridge Assessment International Education is part of the Cambridge Assessment Group. Cambridge Assessment is the brand name of the University of Cambridge Local Examinations Syndicate (UCLES), which itself is a department of the University of Cambridge.

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Gro

up

The

Perio

dic

Tabl

e of

Ele

men

ts

1 Hhy

drog

en1

2 He

heliu

m4

III

IIIIV

VV

IV

IIV

III

3 Lilit

hium 7

4 Be

bery

llium

9

atom

ic n

umbe

r

atom

ic s

ymbo

l

Key

nam

ere

lativ

e at

omic

mas

s

11 Na

sodi

um23

12 Mg

mag

nesi

um24

19 Kpo

tass

ium

39

20 Ca

calc

ium

40

37 Rb

rubi

dium

85

38 Sr

stro

ntiu

m88

55 Cs

caes

ium

133

56 Ba

bariu

m13

7

87 Frfra

nciu

m–

88 Ra

radi

um –

5 B boro

n11 13 Al

alum

iniu

m27 31 Ga

gallium70 49 In indium

115

81 Tlthallium

204

6 Ccarbon

12 14 Si

silicon

28 32 Ge

germanium

73 50 Sn tin 119

82 Pb

lead207

22 Tititanium

48 40 Zrzirconium

91 72 Hf

hafnium

178

104

Rf

rutherfordium

–

23 Vvanadium

51 41 Nb

niobium

93 73 Tatantalum

181

105

Db

dubnium

–

24 Cr

chromium

52 42 Mo

molybdenum

96 74 Wtungsten

184

106

Sg

seaborgium

–

25 Mn

manganese

55 43 Tctechnetium

– 75 Re

rhenium

186

107

Bh

bohrium

–

26 Fe iron

56 44 Ru

ruthenium

101

76 Os

osmium

190

108

Hs

hassium

–

27 Co

cobalt

59 45 Rh

rhodium

103

77 Iriridium

192

109

Mt

meitnerium

–

28 Ni

nickel

59 46 Pd

palladium

106

78 Pt

platinum

195

110

Ds

darmstadtium

–

29 Cu

copper

64 47 Ag

silver

108

79 Au

gold

197

111

Rg

roentgenium

–

30 Zn zinc 65 48 Cd

cadmium

112

80 Hg

mercury

201

112

Cn

copernicium

–

114 Fl

flerovium

–

116

Lvlivermorium

–

7 Nnitrogen

14 15 Pphosphorus

31 33 As

arsenic

75 51 Sb

antimony

122

83 Bi

bismuth

209

8 Ooxygen

16 16 S sulfur

32 34 Se

selenium

79 52 Tetellurium

128

84 Po

polo

nium

–

9 Fflu

orin

e19 17 Cl

chlo

rine

35.5

35 Br

brom

ine

80 53 Iio

dine

127

85 At

asta

tine

–

10 Ne

neon 20 18 Ar

argo

n40 36 Kr

kryp

ton

84 54 Xe

xeno

n13

1

86 Rn

rado

n–

21 Sc

scan

dium

45 39 Yyt

trium 89

57–7

1la

ntha

noid

s

89–1

03ac

tinoi

ds

57 Lala

ntha

num

139

89 Ac

lant

hano

ids

actin

oids

The

volu

me

of o

ne m

ole

of a

ny g

as is

24

dm3 a

t roo

m te

mpe

ratu

re a

nd p

ress

ure

(r.t.p

.).

actin

ium

–

58 Ce

ceriu

m140

90 Th thorium

232

59 Pr

praseodymium

141

91 Pa

protactinium

231

60 Nd

neodymium

144

92 Uuranium

238

61 Pm

promethium

– 93 Np

neptunium

–

62 Sm

samarium

150

94 Pu

plutonium

–

63 Eu

europium

152

95 Am

americium

–

64 Gd

gadolinium

157

96 Cm

curium

–

65 Tb terbium

159

97 Bk

berkelium

–

66 Dy

dysprosium

163

98 Cf

californium

–

67 Ho

holmium

165

99 Es

einsteinium

–

68 Er

erbium

167

100

Fm fermium

–

69 Tm thulium

169

101

Md

mendelevium

–

70 Yb

ytterbium

173

102

No

nobelium

–

71 Lu lutetium

175

103 Lr

lawrencium

–