Text of 1 Adolescence Module 9. 2 Adolescence Adolescence Overview Physical Development Cognitive...
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1 Adolescence Module 9
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2 Adolescence Adolescence Overview Physical Development
Cognitive Development Social Development Emerging Adulthood Today
psychologists believe that development is a lifelong process.
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3 Adolescence Adolescence the transition period from childhood
to adulthood extending from puberty to independence Puberty the
period of sexual maturation when a person becomes capable of
reproduction
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4 Primary Sexual Characteristics During puberty primary sexual
characteristics the reproductive organs and external genitalia
develop rapidly. Ellen Senisi/ The Image Works
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5 Secondary Sexual Characteristics :the nonreproductive traits
such as breasts and hips in girls and facial hair and deepening of
voice in boys develop. Pubic and armpit hair in both sexes.
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6 Brain Development at adolescence, selective pruning of the
neurons begins. Unused neuronal connections are lost to make other
pathways more efficient.
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7 Frontal Cortex The frontal cortex lags behind the limbic
systems development. Hormonal surges and the limbic system may
explain teen impulsiveness. Remember how everything negative in Jr.
High was a disaster?
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8 Cognitive Development Adolescents ability to reason gives
them a new level of social awareness. 1.Their own thinking. 2.What
others are thinking. 3.What others are thinking about them. 4.How
ideals can be reached. They criticize society, parents, and even
themselves.
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9 Developing Morality Kohlberg (1981, 1984): formulated stages
of moral development. He posed moral dilemmassuch as Should a
person steal medicine to save a loved ones life? AP Photo/ Dave
Martin Link Where is morality at PBS 14:08Where is morality at
PBS
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Gilligans criticism Women score lower than men Kohlberg stages
derived from interviews with males. For males, advanced moral
thought revolves around rules, rights, and abstract principles. For
women, morality centers not on rights and rules but on
interpersonal relationships and the ethics of compassion and
care.
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Why is something immoral? Would be all right for a brother and
sister to have voluntary protected sex? Would it be all right for a
family to eat a pet dog that had been killed by a car? Would it be
all right to break a deathbed vow to visit your mothers grave?
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15 3 Basic Levels of Moral Thinking 1.Preconventional Morality:
Before age 9, children show morality to avoid punishment or gain
reward. 2.Conventional Morality: By early adolescence, social rules
and laws are upheld for their own sake. 3.Postconventional
Morality: Affirms peoples agreed-upon rights or follows personally
perceived ethical principles.
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Woman needs drug and cant afford it, man steals itshould he
have done this? 1 Should not steal because he will be jailed 2
Should steal because wife will repay him later 3 Should steal
because he loves his wife and has duty to care for her, she and
rest of family will approve 4 Should steal because he has a duty to
care for her or not steal because it is illegal. 5 Should steal
because life is more important 6 Should steal because of the
principle of preserving and respecting life
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24 Moral Action Moral action involves doing the right thing.
People who engage in doing the right thing develop empathy for
others and the self-discipline to resist their own impulses.
Learning to behave in moral ways requires 1. Consistent modeling 2.
Real life experience 3. Situational factors that support moral
actions Delay Gratification link at TEDDelay Gratification link at
TED 6:02
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25 Eriksons Stages of Psychosocial Development Approximate
ageStage Description of Task InfancyTrust vs. mistrust If needs are
dependably met, infants (1st year) develop a sense of basic trust.
ToddlerAutonomy vs. shame Toddlers learn to exercise will and (2nd
year)and doubt do things for themselves, or they doubt their
abilities. PreschoolerInitiative vs. guilt Preschoolers learn to
initiate tasks (3-5 years) and carry out plans, or they feel guilty
about efforts to be independent. ElementaryCompetence vs. Children
learn the pleasure of applying (6 years-inferiority themselves to
tasks, or they feel puberty) inferior. Mnemonic
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26 Eriksons Stages of Psychosocial Development Mnemonic link
Mnemonic link Approximate age StageDescription of Task Adolescence
Identity vs. roleTeenagers work at refining a sense of self by
(teens into confusiontesting roles and then integrating them to
20s)form a single identity, or they become confused about who they
are. Young Adult Intimacy vs.Young adults struggle to form close
relation- (20s to early isolation ships and to gain the capacity
for intimate 40s) love, or they feel socially isolated. Middle
Adult Generativity vs. The middle-aged discover a sense of contri-
(40s to 60s) stagnation buting to the world, usually through family
and work, or they may feel a lack of purpose. Late Adult Integrity
vs.When reflecting on his or her life, the older (late 60s and
despairadult may feel a sense of satisfaction or up) failure.
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27 Adolescence: Social Development Identity ones sense of self
the adolescents task is to solidify a sense of self by testing and
integrating various roles Intimacy the ability to form close,
loving relationships a primary developmental task in late
adolescence and early adulthood
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30 Parents and Peers are influential. Peers more than parents
sometimes
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33 Emerging Adulthood 18-25 During this time, young adults may
live with their parents and attend college or work.
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34 EXPLORING PSYCHOLOGY (7th Edition in Modules) David Myers
Aneeq Ahmad Henderson State University, James A. McCubbin, Ph.D.
Clemson University, Amy Jones, Garber edits Worth Publishers,
2008
