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1 Beyond 3G LTE/EPC (SAE ) LTE: Long Term Evolution SAE: System Architecture Evolution (Now EPC: Enhanced Packed Core)

1 Beyond 3G LTE/EPC (SAE ) LTE: Long Term Evolution SAE: System Architecture Evolution (Now EPC: Enhanced Packed Core)

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1

Beyond 3GLTE/EPC (SAE )

LTE: Long Term EvolutionSAE: System Architecture

Evolution (Now EPC: Enhanced Packed

Core)

2

Agenda

Quick overview 3GPP / 3G Technologies

Overview 4G Technologies

LTE/SAE Architecture

LTE/SAE Interfaces

LTE/SAE Protocols

3

What is 3GPP? 3GPP stands for 3rd Generation Partnership Project It is a partnership of 6 regional SDOs (Standards Development Organizations)

These SDOs take 3GPP specifications and transpose them to regional standards

ITU references the regional standards

Japan

USA

4

3G Technologies Overview

3GPP : UMTS Phase 1 (3GPP release 5) : HSDPA service, upto 10 Mbps Phase 2 : Uplink high-speed data, high-speed access for TDD Phase 3 : Capacity Improvements in UL and DL, above 10 Mbps

3GPP2 : cdma2000 CDMA2000 1x : upto 144 Kbps CDMA2000 1xEV-DO

high rate packet data (HRPD) service, separate carrier for data only upto 2.4 Mbps on the downlink, 153 Kbps on the uplink

CDMA2000 1xEV-DV All-IP architecture for radio access and core network, upto 3 Mbps

Next-Generation Cellular System (in about 2010) 100 Mbps full-mobility wide area coverage 1 Gbps low-mobility local area coverage

5

Introduction To 4G

4G is term of Fourth-Generation Communications System. End-to-end IP solution where voice, data and streamed multimedia

can be served to users on an "Anytime, Anywhere" basis at higher data rates than previous generations.

Support interactive multimedia, voice, video, wireless internet and other broadband services.

Limitation to meet expectations of applications like multimedia, full motion video, wireless teleconferencing

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High speed, high capacity and low cost per bit.

Global mobility, service portability, scalable mobile networks.

Seamless switching, variety of services based on Quality of Service (QoS) requirements

Better scheduling and call admission control techniques.

Ad hoc networks and multi-hop networks.

- cont’d

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Why Move Towards 4G?

Wider Bandwidth Difficult to move and interoperate due to different standards

hampering global mobility and service portability Primarily Cellular (WAN) with distinct LANs’; need a new

integrated network Limitations in applying recent advances in spectrally more

efficient modulation schemes Need all all digital network to fully utilize IP and converged video

and data

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Where Do We Want to Go?

Seamless Roaming Integrated “standard” Networks Mobile Intelligent Internet Onwards to (Ultra) Wideband Wireless IP

Networks

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-cont’d HSPA is the first progressive step toward delivering ‘triple

play’ (telephony, broadband and TV) in a mobile broadband environment

Likely acceptance of mobile broadband and mobile triple play will raise the need for evolved UMTS; therefore it is vital that operators ensure the long term evolution of 3G infrastructure

The 3GPP RAN Long Term Evolution (LTE) task force was created at end 2004, notably considering the ‘Super 3G’ proposal of NTT DoCoMo

The proposed RAN architecture, placing increasing functionality within the NodeB, will be based on IP routing with existing 3G spectrum, providing speeds up to 100 Mbps by using channel – transmission bandwidth between 1.25MHz and 20MHz

3GPP Evolved UMTS specifications should target availability of commercial products around 2008-2010

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4G Networks Advances

Seamless mobility (roaming) Roam freely from one standard to another Integrate different modes of wireless communications – indoor networks

(e.g., wireless LANs and Bluetooth); cellular signals; radio and TV; satellite communications

100 Mb/se full mobility (wide area); 1 Gbit/s low mobility (local area) IP-based communications systems for integrated voice, data, and video

IP RAN Open unified standards Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP)

Successor to “SS7”; replacement for TCP Maintain several data streams within a single connection

Service Location Protocol (SLP) Automatic resource discovery Make all networked resources dynamically configurable through IP-based

service and directory agents

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3G To 4G Transition

3.5 G Evolved radio Interface IP based core network

4G New Air Interface Very high bit rate services Convergence of Wireline, Wireless, and IP worlds

12

4G Vision

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3G Evolution and Vision

3G Evolution Long Term VisionEvolution

3G Beyond 3G

Time

All-IP

Network

Long Term Vision

Time

Present

Network

IP based

MM networkAll-IP

Network

Phase 2

Phase 1

Phase 0 Phase 3

AN first evolution path

CN first evolution path

Evolution PhaseEvolution Phase

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4G Vision

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4G Vision 4G will be a fully IP-based integrated system of

systems and network of networks wired and wireless networks (e.g.: computer, consumer electronics, communication technology…)

Providing 100 Mbit/s and 1 Gbit/s, respectively, in outdoor and indoor environments

End-to-end quality of service High security Offering any kind of services anytime, anywhere Affordable cost and one billing

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Wireless Access Evolution

BroadbandBroadband

New ServicesNew Services

EfficiencyEfficiency

Broadband

Subscribers

Voice

CoverageCoverage

MobilityMobility

Voice QualityVoice Quality

PortabilityPortability

CapacityCapacity

BroadbandBroadband

Network Network SimplificationSimplification

Cost of Cost of OwnershipOwnership

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Two Key technologies are evolving to meet the Wireless Broadband Requirements

802.11n(smart antennas)802.11Mesh extns.

Lo

cal A

rea

Fix

ed

Wid

e A

rea

Mo

bile

Co

vera

ge/

Mo

bili

ty

Met

ro A

rea

No

mad

ic

802.16(Fixed LOS)

802.16a/d(Fixed NLOS)

802.11b/a/g

Mobile Industry

Fixed Wireless Industry

4G Air Interfaces

Data Rates (kbps)100,000 +

3GPP2CDMA

2000-1X

HRPDA1x

EVDO

1x EVDV Rel. C

1x EVDVRel. D

GSM UMTS HSPAGPRS EDGE LTE 3GPP

MOBILE BROADBAND

DSL ExperienceDial Up

Higher Data Rate / Lower Cost per Bit

802.16e(Mobile WIMAX)

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Intro To LTEstudied and developed in 3GPP is an evolution of 3G into an evolved radio

access referred to as the Long-Term Evolution (LTE) and an evolved packet access core network in the System Architecture Evolution (SAE).

4G Technology Broadband Wireless Triple Play (Voice, Video & Data) All IP-Network Integrated Technology True high-speed mobile data Full-motion HD video anywhere Stream any content Mobile peer2peer & Web 2.0 Common core for all access technology Centralized IMS services Common applications across access technology Spectrum flexibility 1.25 to 20MHz for re-use in existing spectrum End-2-End QoS Allow prioritization of different class of service All-IP vision: base stations become an access router

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3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE)

3GPP (LTE) is Adopting: OFDMA in DL with 64QAM All IP e2e Network Channel BWs up to 20 MHz Both TDD and FDD profiles Flexible Access Network Advanced Antenna Technologies UL: Single-Carrier FDMA (SC-FDMA), (64QAM optional) 4 x Increased Spectral Efficiency, 10 x Users Per Cell

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LTE (Long Term Evaluation)

Supply Bandwidths from 1.25-20 MHz

Subcarriers spacing 15kHz.

Bit rate up to 100Mbps, and by using MIMO the speed should reach 350Mbps !

SC-FDMA for U.L. & OFDM for D.L.

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3G Evolution LTE / SAE Radio Side (LTE – Long Term Evolution)

Improvements in spectral efficiency, user throughput, latency Simplification of the radio network Efficient support of packet based services: MBMS, IMS, etc. Evolved-UTRA

The air interface, Evolved-UTRA (E-UTRA) is used by UMTS operators in deploying their own wireless networks. The E-UTRA system uses OFDMA for the downlink and Single Carrier FDMA for the uplink. It uses MIMO with a maximum of four antennas per station.

Network Side (SAE – System Architecture Evolution)

Improvement in latency, capacity, throughput Simplification of the core network Optimization for IP traffic and services Simplified support and handover to non-3GPP access technologies

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+ True high-speed mobile data

+ Full-motion HD video anywhere

+ Stream any content

+ Mobile peer2peer & Web 2.0

+ Quadruple play

+ Faster email access

+ Instantaneous web pages

EDGE

EVDO-AHSDPA

LTEFiber

ADSL-2+

ADSL

Mbps

40-100MbpsFiber like speed on mobile

Faster

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+ Spectral efficiencyBetter utilization of spectrum available

+ Low frequency, Advanced Receivers and Smart AntennaFor improved coverage and reduced cost of ownership

+ Increased CapacityMuch higher user and sector throughput for lower individual cost service delivery

+ Simpler RAN, IP Core & Centralized service deliveryFewer nodes & interfaces (Node-B/RNC/Gateway) One Network & IMS for all access technologies

+ Connect to legacy coresExisting network asset investment protection

+ 3GPP/2 Market tractionEconomy of scale

LTE VoIP cost*

UMTS rel.99 voice call cost$

10%

3GPP subscribers 85% market share

Predicted LTE VoIP voice call cost* - Sound Partners Limited Research

Lower Cost

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10-5msec latencyHighly Responsive Multimedia

+ Improved user experience

+ Fast VoIP call set-up

+ Instantaneous web pages

+ Streaming fast buffering

+ Online mobile gamingEDGE

EVDO-AHSDPA

LTEFiber

ADSL-2+

ADSL

More Responsive

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LTE Key agreements 2 main issues have been investigated:

The physical layer The access network internal architecture

Physical layer Downlink based on OFDMA

OFDMA offers improved spectral efficiency, capacity etc Uplink based on SC-FDMA

SC-FDMA is technically similar to OFDMA but is better suited for uplink from hand-held devices

(battery power considerations) For both FDD and TDD modes

(User Equipment to support both) With Similar framing + an option for TD SCDMA

framing also Access Network consideration

For the access network it was agreed to get rid of the RNC which minimized the number of nodes

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Expectations for 3GPP Evolution End User

Ubiquitous mobile access Easy access to applications & services Appropriate quality at reasonable cost Long battery life Enhanced security

Network Operators QoS and security management Flexibility in network configuration Reduced cost of equipment Maximized usage and sharing capabilities Single authentication

Manufacturer/Application Developer Reduced cost of equipment Access to global market Programmable platforms

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3G Long Term Evolution RAN

Long term target peak data rates Up to 100 Mbps in full mobility, wide area deployments Up to 1 Gbps in low mobility, local area deployments

Long term spectral efficiency target: In a single (isolated) cell, up to 5-10 bps/Hz In a multi-cellular case, up to 2-3 bps/Hz

Reaching the peak data rate targets by gradual evolution of existing 3GPP (UTRAN) and alternate access

means (e.g. WLAN) by new access techniques

CN Seamless integrated network Broadband and multiple bearer service capability Interworking between 3GPP mobile network and other networks Ad-hoc networking approach

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3GPP LTE and SAE

Goal of LTE Significantly increased peak data rates, scaled linearly

according to spectrum allocation Targets:

Instantaneous downlink peak data rate of 100Mbit/s in a 20MHz downlink spectrum (i.e. 5 bit/s/Hz)

Instantaneous uplink peak data rate of 50Mbit/s in a 20MHz uplink spectrum (i.e. 2.5 bit/s/Hz)

29

3GPP LTE and SAE

In the Core network: The LTE effort to meet the technical and performance

requirements requires a reduction in the number of network nodes involved in data processing and transport. This has resulted in new System Architecture Evolution (SAE) which becomes the core network architecture of 3GPP's future LTE wireless communication standard.

Services are provided by IMS core One node to provide the SGSN and GGSN functionality Mobility Management Entity and User Plan Entity might be

collocated in the Access Gateway entity but this is still an open point

Full architecture provided with two nodes IMS

30

3GPP LTE and SAE

SAE focus is on: enhancement of Packet Switched technology to

cope with rapid growth in IP traffic higher data rates lower latency packet optimised system

through fully IP network simplified network architecture distributed control

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LTE Architecture

eNB eNB

eNB

MME/UPE MME/UPE

S1

X2

X2

X2

EPC

E-UTRAN

Evolved Packet Core

MME/UPE = Mobility Management Entity/User Plane Entity

eNB = eNodeB

33

eUTRAN (LTE) interfacesLogical view

MME/GW

S1-CS1-C S1-C

X2 X2

eNode BeNode B eNode B

EvolvedPacketCore

EvolvedUTRAN

34

Key LTE radio access features

LTE radio access Downlink: OFDM Uplink: SC-FDMA

Advanced antenna solutions

Diversity Beam-forming Multi-layer transmission (MIMO)

Spectrum flexibility Flexible bandwidth New and existing bands Duplex flexibility: FDD and TDD

20 MHz1.4 MHz

TX TX

SC-FDMA

OFDMA

35

3GPP LTE and SAE

System Architecture Evolution Looking at the implications for the overall

architecture resulting from: 3GPP’s (Radio Access Network) LTE work 3GPP All-IP Network specification (TS22.978) the need to support mobility between

heterogeneous access networks

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3GPP LTE and SAE SAE architecture

MME – Mobility Management Entity UPE – User Plane EntityAS – Access SystemRed indicates new functional element / interface

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SAE Componenets Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN) - to provide connections

for GERAN and UTRAN Networks Serving Gateway - to terminate the interface toward the 3GPP

radio-access networks PDN Gateway - to control IP data services like routing,

addressing, policy enforcing and providing access to non-3GPP access networks

Mobility Management Entity (MME) - to manage control plane context, authentication and authorization

User Plane Entity (UPE) - to manage user contexts, ciphering, packet routing and forwarding, and mobility

3GPP anchor - to manage mobility for 2G/3G and LTE systems SAE anchor - to manage mobility for non 3GPP RATs Policy Control and Charging Rules Function (PCRF) - to

manage Quality of Service (QoS) aspects

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Interfaces

S1-MME: The S1-MME interface provides the control plane protocol between the LTE RAN and MME.

S1-U: The S1-U interface provides a per bearer user plane tunneling between the LTE RAN and Serving GW. It contains support for path switching during handover between eNodeBs. S1-U is based on the GTP-U protocol that is also used for Iu user plane in the Rel-7 architecture.

S3: The S3 interface enables user and bearer information exchange for inter 3GPP access network mobility in idle and/or active state. It is based on the GTP protocol and the Gn interface as defined between SGSNs.

S4: The S4 interface provides the user plane with related control and mobility support between GPRS Core and the 3GPP Anchor function of Serving GW and is based on the GTP protocol and the Gn reference point as defined between SGSN and GGSN.

S5: The S5 interface provides user plane tunneling and tunnel management between Serving GW and PDN GW. It is used for Serving GW relocation due to UE mobility, and if the Serving GW needs to connect to a non-collocated PDN GW for the required PDN connectivity. There are two variants of the S5 interface, one based on the GTP protocol and one IETF variant based on Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIP).

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Interfaces contd. S6a: The S6a interface enables transfer of subscription and authentication

data for authenticating/authorizing user access to the evolved system (AAA interface) between MME and HSS.

S7: The S7 interface provides transfer of (QoS) policy and charging rules from PCRF to Policy and Charging Enforcement Function (PCEF) in the PDN GW. The interface is based on the Gx interface.

S8a: The S8a interface is the roaming interface in case of roaming with home routed traffic. It provides user plane with related control between the Serving GW in the VPLMN and the PDN GW in the HPLMN. It is based on the GTP protocol and the Gp interface as defined between SGSN and GGSN. S8a is a variant of S5 for the roaming (inter-PLMN) case. There is also an IETF variant of called S8b that is based on Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIP).

S10: The S10 interface between MMEs provides MME relocation and MME to MME information transfer.

S11: The S11 interface is the interface between MME and Serving GW. SGi: The SGi interface is the interface between the PDN GW and the

packet data network. Packet data network may be an operator external public or private packet data network or an intra operator packet data network, e.g. for provision of IMS services. This interface corresponds to Gi and Wi interfaces and support any 3GPP or non-3GPP access.

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OFDM Characteristics High peak-to-average power levels Preservation of orthogonally in severe multi-path Efficient FFT based receiver structures Enables efficient TX and RX diversity Adaptive antenna arrays without joint equalization Support for adaptive modulation by sub-carrier Frequency diversity Robust against narrow-band interference Efficient for simulcasting Variable/dynamic bandwidth Used for highest speed applications Supports dynamic packet access

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Ch.1

Ch.2 Ch.3 Ch.4 Ch.5 Ch.6 Ch.7 Ch.8 Ch.9 Ch.10

Ch.3 Ch.5 Ch.7 Ch.9

Ch.2 Ch.4 Ch.6 Ch.8 Ch.10

Ch.1

Conventional multicarrier techniques

Orthogonal multicarrier techniques OFDM

50% bandwidth saving

frequency

frequency

A

B

Traditional FDM Signal and OFDM

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OFDMA Symbol Structure

The OFDMA symbol structure consists of three types of sub-carriers as shown in Figure.

Data sub-carriers for data transmission Pilot sub-carriers for estimation and synchronization purposes Null sub-carriers for no transmission: DC carriers

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All Sub carrier need to Orthogonal

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Duplexing Technique FDD/TDD

Multiple Access Method TDMA/OFDMA

OFDM Symbols allocated by TDMA Sub-Carriers within an OFDM Symbol allocated by OFDMA

DiversityFrequency, Time, Code (CPE and BS), Space Time Coding, Antenna Array

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FDD (Frequency Division Duplexing ) Uses One Frequency for the DownLink, and a Second Frequency for the UpLink.

TDD (time Division Duplexing) Uses the same frequency for the Downlink and the Uplink.

In any configuration the access method is OFDMA/TDMA .

F2 - Frequency band

UpLink

F1 - Frequency band

DownLink

FDD

F1 - Frequency band

UpLink

F1 - Frequency band

DownLink

TDD

Duplexing - Principles

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LTE Time Line

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LTE/SAE Technology Life Cycle• LTE (Long Term Evolution), a 3GPP concept, defines a long-term evolution for radio

access technology.

• SAE (System Architecture Evolution), a 3GPP concept, defines a long-term evolution for

core network.

• LTE and SAE have been approached independently, however by enhancing each

other, they are no more separable today.

2006 2007 2009 2010 20152008

Initial study completed

Standard aimed

to be finalized

Trial start

Commercial deployment start

Year

Mass deployment

Standard aimed

to be developed

Source: 3GPP &UMTS-Forum

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3G- R’993G- R’99HSPAHSPA

HSPA EvolutionHSPA Evolution

LTELTE

2002 2005 2008/2009 2009

384 kbps 3.6 Mbps 21/28/42 Mbps ~150 MbpsPeak rate

2007

7/14 Mbps

Mobile broadband speed evolution

LTE EvolutionLTE Evolution

2013

1 Gbps

Target

Other CDMA Mobile WiMAX GSM/GPRS/EDGE WCDMA HSPA LTE

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 20130

1 000

2 000

3 000

4 000

5 000

6 000

7 000

Reported Subscriptions (million)

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Wireless Broadband Main vendor strategies

Vendor HSPA LTEEV-DO

UMB

Mobile

WiMAX

Support Focus

Cooperation with Huawei

Sold to ALU 2006

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Thank You For Your PassionQ & A