1

Chapter Overview

Installing New Hardware Installing Updates Managing Client Access Licenses Troubleshooting Boot Problems

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Installing New Hardware

This is a common maintenance task that administrators perform.

Many hardware devices can be installed by using Add/Remove Hardware in Control Panel.

The procedures for installing various hardware devices are similar, regardless of the type of device being installed.

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Understanding the Hardware Installation Process

Installing hardware is a two-part process: Install the physical device. Install a device driver in the computer.

A device driver is a software component that provides the interface between the piece of hardware and the operating system.

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Understanding the Hardware Installation Process (Cont.) The hardware device and the device

driver must be configured to use the same hardware resources.

There are four hardware resource types: Interrupt requests (IRQs) Input/output (I/O) port addresses Direct memory access (DMA) channels Memory addresses

Configuring the driver and the hardware can be a difficult process.

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Using Plug and Play Plug and Play allows Microsoft Windows

2000 to automatically detect new hardware and install the appropriate device driver with little or no user intervention.

Plug and Play capabilities: Detects the new hardware Assesses devices already installed on the

computer and the resources they use Configures both the hardware device and the

driver to use available resources

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Installing Non–Plug and Play Hardware

When the hardware you want to install does not support Plug and Play, you can install device drivers manually by using the Add/Remove Hardware Wizard.

To start the wizard, open Control Panel and then double-click Add/Remove Hardware.

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The Add/Remove Hardware Wizard: Choose a Hardware Task

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The Add/Remove Hardware Wizard: Choose a Hardware Device

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The Add/Remove Hardware Wizard: Select a Hardware Type

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The Add/Remove Hardware Wizard: Select a Device Driver

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Configuring System Resource Settings You can use Device Manager to view or

modify the system resources used by a device driver.

Device Manager displays The resources used by a device The settings of those resources Whether resource conflicts are present

Device Manager is accessed in the Hardware tab in the System application in Control Panel.

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The Device Manager Window

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The Resources Tab for a Hardware Device in Device Manager

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The Device Manager Status Display

There are three Device Manager status indicator icons: Normal icon: the device is operating

properly. Icon with !: the device is incorrectly

configured or drivers are not functioning properly.

Icon with stop sign: the device is disabled because of resource conflicts.

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Driver Signing

Windows 2000 drivers and operating systems are digitally signed by Microsoft.

Sometimes applications overwrite existing operating system files as part of their installation process.

By verifying the digital signatures on Windows 2000 system files, you can determine if they have been altered.

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Configuring Driver Signing

To configure how the computer responds to unsigned files, click Driver Signing in the Hardware tab in the System application.

There are three file signature verification settings: Ignore: enables all files to be installed Warn: displays a warning message before

permitting an unsigned file to be installed Block: prevents the installation of unsigned files

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Monitoring and Troubleshooting Driver Signing

You can also use Windows 2000 System File Checker (SFC), a command-line utility, to check the digital signature of files.

The syntax of the SFC utility is Sfc [/scannow] [/scanonce] [/scanboot] [/cancel] [/quiet] [/enable] [/purgecache] [/cachesize=x]

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Using the File Signature Verification Utility

Use the Windows 2000 File Signature Verification utility (Sigverif.exe) to determine if any files are not digitally signed.

You can configure the File Signature Verification Utility to examine system files only or nonsystem files as well.

To use it, click Start, point to Run, type sigverif, and press Enter.

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Lesson Summary Windows 2000 supports Plug and Play. Use the Add/Remove Hardware Wizard to

install most hardware devices. Use Device Manager to view or modify the

system resources used by a device driver. Configure driver signing by using the

Hardware tab in the System application. Use SFC or the File Signature Verification

utility to verify the digital signature of driver files.

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Installing Updates

Applications and operating systems must be updated.

Microsoft provides three different methods for obtaining and installing updates: Install Windows 2000 service packs. Apply hotfixes. Use the Windows Update Web site.

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Installing Windows 2000 Service Packs

A service pack is a collection of software patches with a single installation program that has been tested and found to be stable.

Microsoft service packs are cumulative. There are two types of Microsoft service

pack downloads: Express installation Network download

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Testing and Evaluating Service Packs

Before you deploy a service pack on your network Read the documentation supplied with the

service pack Familiarize yourself with the issues the

service pack addresses Test the service pack on a single computer

and monitor it for a few days

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Slipstreaming

Is the process of streamlining the service pack installation for new network workstation deployments by integrating the service pack into the Windows 2000 distribution files

Works only on new Windows 2000 installations, not on existing computers running Windows 2000 on the network

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Deploying Service Packs

Ways to automate the installation of service packs on existing computers running Windows 2000: Microsoft Windows Installer Service: works

with Group Policy to deploy a software installation package

Microsoft Systems Management Server (SMS): a network management product used to distribute software

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Applying Hotfixes

Hotfixes are software updates released between major service pack releases.

They typically address a single problem or issue.

They are not as fully tested as service packs.

Format: Q######_XXX_YYY_ZZZ_LL.EXE

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Using Windows Update

You can also keep computers running Windows 2000 updated by using the Windows Update Web site at http://www.microsoft.com/windowsupdate/.

At this site, you can download an applet that will scan your computer and display available product updates for that computer.

You can update only the computer on which you access the site.

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The Windows Update Web Site

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Verifying Update Installations

Sometimes you need to determine whether a computer has had a particular service pack or hotfix installed.

Microsoft provides two tools for this purpose: Winver.exe Add/Remove Programs

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The About Windows Dialog Box Use Winver.exe to display the About Windows

dialog box, which displays the version of the operating system and latest service pack installed.

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The Add/Remove Programs Tool Use Add/Remove Programs to display a list

of installed hotfixes.

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Removing Service Packs and Hotfixes

There are two ways to uninstall a Windows 2000 service pack: Use Add/Remove Programs in Control Panel. Run the service pack's uninstall program

(Spuninst.exe) from the command prompt. To uninstall a Windows 2000 hotfix, use

Add/Remove Programs.

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Lesson Summary A Microsoft service pack is a cumulative

collection of software patches with a single installation program.

You can deploy service packs to a large group of computers by using Windows Installer Service or SMS.

Hotfixes are software updates released between major service pack releases.

You can uninstall service packs and hotfixes.

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Managing Client Access Licenses

A client computer requires a license to access a computer running Windows 2000 Server.

Administrators must ensure that their organization has sufficient licenses for its software products.

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Understanding Windows 2000 Licensing Modes When you purchase an operating system,

it comes with a license to run that operating system on one computer.

With a client access license (CAL) assigned, a client computer running any operating system can access and use resources on a computer running Windows 2000 Server.

You can configure a computer running Windows 2000 Server to use CALs in either of two modes: Per Server or Per Seat.

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Understanding Windows 2000 Licensing Modes (Cont.) Per Server licensing mode

CALs are purchased and assigned to a particular server and can be used by any client computer.

The server permits only as many simultaneous connections to the server as it has licenses. 

Per Seat licensing mode A CAL is purchased and assigned to every

client computer. A client computer with a CAL can access one or

more computers running Windows 2000 Server simultaneously and still use only one CAL.

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Choosing a Licensing Mode You specify the licensing mode when you install

Windows 2000 Server. Per Server licensing is usually best on a single-

server network. When there are multiple Windows 2000 servers

on a network, evaluate the number of concurrent connections.

How many concurrent connections per server are needed?

How many client computers connect to any server? If the number of concurrent connections is less than the

number of clients, use Per Server. If not, use Per Seat.

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Choosing a Licensing Mode (Cont.)

If you do not know which mode to use, choose Per Server. You cannot legally change from Per Seat

mode to Per Server mode. Legally, you can change from Per Server

mode to Per Seat mode one time only.

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Using the Windows 2000 Licensing Tools

For Per Server mode, use the Licensing tool in Control Panel to manage licenses on individual Windows 2000 servers.

For Per Seat mode, use the Licensing Manager (in the Administrative Tools program group) to manage licenses on a site license server for all Windows 2000 servers in an enterprise.

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Using the Licensing Tool in Control Panel

The Licensing tool manages licenses for a single Windows 2000 server operating in Per Server mode.

You can use this tool to Add or remove CALs Configure replication of licensing

information Change the licensing mode from Per Server

to Per Seat

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The Choose Licensing Mode Dialog Box

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Using the Licensing Manager The Licensing Manager manages licenses

for an entire enterprise. You can use this tool to

View the Per Server and Per Seat licenses for the site

View usage statistics Add or remove Per Seat CALs on any site license

server Add or remove Per Server CALs for any server Change the licensing mode of any server Configure the replication of licensing information

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The Windows 2000 Licensing Manager

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Lesson Summary A CAL enables a client computer to access

and use resources on a computer running Windows 2000 Server.

There are two Windows 2000 licensing modes: Per Server and Per Seat.

Use the Licensing tool to manage licenses on individual Windows 2000 servers in Per Server mode.

Use the Licensing Manager tool to manage licenses on a site license server for Windows 2000 servers in Per Seat mode.

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Troubleshooting Boot Problems The consequences of boot problems on

a network can be serious, especially when they occur on a network server.

There are several methods for troubleshooting boot problems: Boot a computer running Windows 2000 in

Safe mode. Use the advanced boot options. Create a parallel installation. Use the Recovery Console.

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Using Safe Mode

In Safe mode, only the essential operating system files and drivers are loaded, providing basic access to the computer while allowing you to repair a malfunctioning driver.

To boot a computer running Windows 2000 in Safe mode, press F8 during the operating-system selection phase of the boot process, and then select Safe Mode.

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Using Advanced Boot Options

In addition to the Safe mode options available, the Advanced Options Menu offers the following options: Enable Boot Logging Enable VGA Mode Last Known Good Configuration Directory Services Restore Mode Debugging Mode Boot Normally

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Creating a Parallel Installation This method involves installing a second

copy of Windows 2000 on the computer that has the boot problem. To do this:1. Try to install the second instance of

Windows 2000 into another partition, or at least into a different folder.

2. Then boot to the secondary copy of Windows 2000 and perform repairs.

A parallel installation lets you access drives formatted with the NT file system (NTFS).

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Using the Recovery Console

This Windows 2000 command-line interface can be used to Start and stop services Read and write data on a local drive,

including drives formatted with the NT file system (NTFS)

Format hard disks

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Installing and Starting the Recovery Console You need access to the Windows 2000 Server installation

files, either on a CD-ROM or on the network. To install the Recovery Console:

1. Click Start, and then click Run.2. Click Browse, and then navigate to the \I386 folder on the

Windows 2000 Server CD-ROM or network share.3. Select the Winnt32.exe program file, and then click Open. 4. Add the /cmdcons parameter to the Winnt32.exe command

line, and then click OK. 5. In the Windows 2000 Setup dialog box (which prompts you to

install the Recovery Console), click Yes, and then click OK. To start the Recovery Console, select it from the Please

Select The Operating System To Start menu during the boot process.

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Running the Recovery Console from CD-ROM If a computer does not have the

Recovery Console installed on it, you can run the Recovery Console directly from the installation CD-ROM.1. Insert the Windows 2000 Server CD-ROM in

the CD-ROM drive, and then restart the computer.

2. In the Windows 2000 Server Setup screen, type R.

3. In the Windows 2000 Repair Options screen, type C to start the Recovery Console.

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Using the Recovery Console

The Recovery Console looks like a standard Windows 2000 command prompt and uses many of the same commands.

After you finish using the Recovery Console, type exit at the command prompt, and then press Enter.

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Lesson Summary In Safe mode, only essential operating system

files and drivers are loaded, providing basic access to the computer while allowing you to repair a malfunctioning driver.

A parallel installation is a second copy of Windows 2000 installed on the same computer in a different folder or partition.

The Recovery Console is a command-line interface that enables you to perform basic maintenance and troubleshooting tasks without loading the complete operating system.