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CREW GUNNERY

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TERMINAL OBJECTIVE

ACTION: Define the guidelines, allowable variations,and prerequisites for crew device and crew live fire gunnery.

CONDITIONS: In a classroom environment, given a writing instrument, and FM 3-22.1.

STANDARDS: The student will be able to list, define,and explain the allowable variations, and prerequsites for crew device and crew live fire gunnery.

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Safety: none

Risk assessment level: low

Environmental: trash

Evaluation: The student must attain a 80% or higher on a 20 question written examination.

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CREW DEVICE GUNNERY

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Enabling Learning Objectives

CREW DEVICE GUNNERY

• List the guidelines that apply to crew device gunnery.

• List the training devices associated with device gunnery.

• Explain the purpose of BT I.

• Explain the purpose of BT II.

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DEVICE GUNNERY

Scope

This matrix first trains collective device skills such as installing, boresighting, calibrating, aligning, and removing the device. Then it teaches gunnery skills in BT I--Crew Defense and BT II--Bradley Crew Proficiency Course) and in BT II (BCPC). The latter is a prerequisite for full-caliber live fire. All Bradley crews must perform BT II to standard within three months (four months for RC) before they fire full-caliber ammunition. Device gunnery is conducted in local training areas using MILES or PGS with LTID targetry. The tables train the crew to engage stationary and moving targets using all weapon systems, from both stationary and moving BFVs, day and night. The crew acquires and engages targets using power and manual controls, gunner and commander hand stations, integrated sight units, and the auxiliary sights (IBAS and CIV on the Bradley A3). M6 Linebacker crews use captive flight trainers and train in aerial engagements. M7 BFIST crews practice fire-mission tasks.

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ELO #1

ACTION: List the targetry guidelines that apply to crew device gunnery.

CONDITIONS: In a classroom environment,given a writing instrument,note paper and FM 3-22.1

STANDARDS: The student must gain the knowledge so that he can list and define the targetry guidelines that apply to crew device gunnery IAW FM 3-22.1 Ch. 8 pg.8-23/24.

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GUIDELINES

a.Evaluators rate all engagements and exercises as either trained ("T"), needs practice ("P"), or untrained ("U"), in accordance with Section I.

b.To engage targets in the offense, the BC must give battlesight fire commands. To engage targets in the defense, the crews must give precision fire commands. (Bradley A3 and ODS crews using the BELRF must do so as described in Chapter 6.)

c. All defensive engagements start with the firing vehicle in turret defilade. The vehicle moves to a hull defilade to engage the target(s). On ranges without correct defilade positions, units can simulate positions. In any of these positions, vehicles must move at least one vehicle length.

d.Crewmembers fire all offensive and retrograde engagements from a moving BFV using the stabilization system. If the firing vehicle's stabilization system fails, the crew reports this immediately to the control tower or OIC. The engagement terminates, and the vehicle conducts no offensive engagements until the system is corrected.

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e. The BFV exposure time matrixes in Section I prescribe total target exposure times.

f. When the target array consists of more than one target, simultaneous target exposure is used. A simultaneous target exposure occurs when all targets for the task are presented at the same time, requiring crews to use proper engagement techniques.

g. If moving targets are unavailable, a stationary frontal target of the same type and at the same range is used. If a stationary target is used, evaluators compensate by omitting one target condition.

h. Scaled targets equipped with LTIDs may be used with PGS and MILES (Chapter 7).

i. Bradley A3, ODS, and other BFV variants with applique will each fire one day and one night engagement. Then, during BTs I and II, each will use digital communications equipment to send a (digital) message.

GUIDELINES

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ELO #2

ACTION: List the training devices associated with crew device gunnery.

CONDITIONS: In a classroom environment,given a writing instrument,note paper and FM 3-22.1

STANDARDS: The student must gain the knowledge so that he can list and define the training devices associated with crew device gunnery IAW FM 3-22.1 Ch. 8.

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TRAINING DEVICES

MILES, PGS, TSV, SUBCAL- (S.S.S.)

LTID, RETRO

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ELO #3

ACTION: Explain the Purpose of BT I Crew Defense

CONDITIONS: In a classroom environment,given a writing instrument,note paper and FM 3-22.1

STANDARDS: The student must gain the knowledge so that he can explain the purpose of BTI Crew Defense IAW FM 3-22.1 Ch. 8.

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BRADLEY TABLE I, CREW DEFENSEPg 8-24

The crew defense table allows the driver to integrate into the crew's coordination by moving the vehicle to and from firing positions during day and night engagements (Draft Table 8-11). This table trains the crew to engage targets with training devices. It introduces them to training in a gunnery environment during day and night. Crew defense consists of ten engagements. These ten engagements run during the day and again at night. 

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BT - ICREW DEFENSE

ACTION: Engage and destroy stationary and moving targets from a defensive position during the day and night.

CONDITION: Given a MILES /PGS equipped Bradley in a defensive position, suitable engagement area with LTID/RETRO equipped targets, during day and night.

STANDARD: during the day the crew must achieve a minimum of a “P” rating on 7 of 10 engagements with 1 of the 7 being an NBC engagement.

during the night the crew must achieve a minimum of a “P” rating on 7 of 10 engagements with 1 of the 7 being an NBC engagement.

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ELO #4

ACTION: Explain the Purpose of BT II Bradley Crew Proficiency Course

CONDITIONS: In a classroom environment,given a writing instrument,note paper and FM 3-22.1

STANDARDS: The student must gain the knowledge so that he can explain the purpose of BTII (BCPC) IAW FM 3-22.1 Ch. 8.

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BT II, BRADLEY CREW PROFICIENCY COURSEPg.8-26/30

The BCPC introduces crews to moving BFV engagements. This table develops the driving skills of the driver, while the crew engages targets on the move. Crews engage moving and stationary targets from a moving and stationary BFV. The BCPC consists of six day engagements and six night engagements.

• Draft Table 8-12A applies to the ODS and below.• Draft Table 8-12B applies to the ADA Linebacker.

• Draft Table 8-12C applies to the A3.• Draft Table 8-12D applies to the BFIST.

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BT - IIBRADLEY CREW PROFICIENCY COURSE

ACTION: Engage and destroy stationary and moving targets from a stationary Bradley during the day and night.

CONDITION: Given a MILES /PGS equipped Bradley in a defensive position, suitable maneuver and engagement area with LTID/RETRO equipped targets, during day and night.

STANDARD: The crew must achieve a minimum of a “P” rating on 9 of 12 engagements with 1 of the 9 being a TOW engagement 1 of the nine being a NBC engagement and 2 of the 9 being night engagements.

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CREW LIVE FIRE TABLES

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Enabling Learning Objectives

CREW LIVE FIRE GUNNERY

• List the targetry guidelines.

• List the ammunition requirements.

• List the allowable variations.

• List the prerequisites for full caliber crew live fire gunnery.

• Explain the purpose of BT V.

• Explain the purpose of BT VI.

• Explain the purpose of BT VII.

• Explain the purpose of BT VIII.

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CREW LIVE-FIRE GUNNERY

Scope

Crew live-fire gunnery trains and evaluates single vehicle crews' abilities to engage stationary and moving, single and multiple targets with turret-mounted weapon systems. This training is conducted during day and night or other limited visibility conditions from stationary and moving firing vehicles using full-caliber ammunition. Each series of actions and engagements replicate potential battlefield conditions. Assessments of preliminary and device gunnery identify weaknesses to improve on during crew gunnery

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ELO # 5

ACTION: Explain the table development guidelines for crew live fire gunnery tables

CONDITIONS: In a classroom environment,given a writing instrument,note paper and FM 3-22.1

STANDARDS: The student must gain the knowledge so that he can explain the table development guidelines for crew live fire gunnery tables IAW FM 3-22.1 Ch. 8.

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Table Development

a. Crew gunnery evaluation procedures and standards meet the requirements described in Chapter 8. Crew gunnery tables follow:

• BT V, Crew Practice 1.

• BT VI, Crew Practice 2.

• BT VII, Crew Practice 3.

• BT VIII, Crew Qualification.

b. All crews will fire at a minimum BT II and VII prior to BT VIII, which must be fired IAW the standards in this manual.

c. Division commands must provide range scenarios for BT VIII, Crew Qualification. They specify battlecarry and most dangerous versus least dangerous targets, based on threat analysis or training emphasis.

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d. The crew must fire all offensive and retrograde engagements from a moving BFV using its stabilization system.

e All defensive engagements begin with the firing vehicle in the turret-defilade position, which the crew then moves to a hull-down position to engage the target(s). On ranges where the crew cannot do this, or when they have no defilade positions, the crew simulates the positions for training purposes. Whether in a real or simulated defilade position, the vehicles must move at least one vehicle length.

f BT VIII, Crew Qualification, has a total of four swing tasks: two for day plus two for night. Using swing tasks lets the commanders and master gunners adjust the number of tasks fired (day or night) to match available light conditions. For example, during a season with more hours of darkness than daylight, they might use four day tasks and six night tasks. They cannot switch swing tasks. The commanders can only move them between day and night scenarios--they cannot substitute any other task for them.

Table Development

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Table Development (cont).

g. BT VIII crew qualification scenarios must contain at least‑-

(1) M2A2 ODS and Below.

• One day AP- and one night AP-type target at 800 meters or less.

• One day AP- and one night AP-type target at 1,400 to 1,600 meters.

(2) M2A3 Bradleys.

•One day AP- and one night AP-type target at 800 meters or less.

•One day AP- and one night AP-type target at 1,600 to 2,000 meters.

(3)Lateral Dispersion for M2A3 or M3A3 Bradleys. Each of the following must have at least 27 degrees dispersion between targets, not to include the commander's engagement (rule of thumb, 25 meters dispersion for each 100 meters):

•One-day multiple engagement.

•One-night multiple engagement.

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h. BTs I, II, and V thru VIII must include--

• One engagement under digital conditions in the day phase.

• One engagement under digital conditions in the night phase.

i. All defensive engagements begin with the firing vehicle in the turret-defilade position and then move to a hull-defilade position to engage. This does not apply to Stinger and 25-mm aerial engagements. On ranges that prohibit this, or that have no defilade positions, units use simulated positions. Vehicles must move at least one vehicle length in any of these positions.

Table Development (cont).

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Table Development (cont).

Minimum targetry requirement

BT VIII crew qualification scenarios must contain at least‑-(1) M2A2 ODS and Below.

• One day AP- and one night AP-type target at 800 meters or less. • One day AP- and one night AP-type target at 1,400 to 1,600

meters.(2) M2A3 Bradleys.

• One day AP- and one night AP-type target at 800 meters or less. • One day AP- and one night AP-type target at 1,600 to 2,000

meters.(3) Lateral Dispersion for M2A3 or M3A3 Bradleys. Each of the

following must have at least 27 degrees dispersion between targets, not to include the commander's engagement (rule of thumb, 25 meters dispersion for each 100 meters):

• One-day multiple engagement.• One-night multiple engagement.

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h. BTs I, II, and V thru VIII must include--

• One engagement under digital conditions in the day phase.

• One engagement under digital conditions in the night phase.

i. All defensive engagements begin with the firing vehicle in the turret-defilade position and then move to a hull-defilade position to engage. This does not apply to Stinger and 25-mm aerial engagements. On ranges that prohibit this, or that have no defilade positions, units use simulated positions. Vehicles must move at least one vehicle length in any of these positions.

Table Development (cont).

Minimum targetry requirement

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TARGETRYPg 8-32/33

All gunnery qualification tables must use full-scale targets!

a.All ranges and targets must comply with TC 25-8

b.When a target array includes multiple targets, the trainer can expose them simultaneously to test the crew's mastery of proper engagement techniques. For the A3 hunter-killer engagement, the third target is not read into the scenario. It is presented 10 to 15 seconds after the initial target presentation. The purpose of this task is to have the commander use his CIV to locate and identify targets at the same time that the gunner engages other targets.

c.For offensive and retrograde engagements, total target-exposure time is set using the BFV exposure-timing matrix (Draft Tables 8‑4 through 8‑8). The master gunner uses the individual target conditions and range to determine the specific target's exposure time.

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d. Target exposure time begins when the target is fully exposed. Total target-exposure time does not include target lift time.

e. For defensive engagements, total target exposure time for all targets is 50 seconds. Draft Table 8‑3 helps in establishing the armored engagement exposure time. However, the BFV cannot remain exposed beyond the BFV exposure timing matrixes in accordance with Chapter 9.

f. For area target engagements, area targets will measure 100 meters wide and 50 meters deep, and will be divided into eight 25-meter-square blocks.

TARGETRY cont.

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(1) RPG or ATGM team targets include three E-type silhouettes placed on line or in a wedge formation. They must not be more than 5 meters apart or 10 meters deep.

(2) Unarmored targets within 900 meters can be designated as coax point targets. However, these targets must have unique designs that the crew can easily identify. For example, they might have a recognizable silhouette or thermal image. This reduces confusion as to the ammunition type to use.

g. For area targets in coaxial machine gun engagements, target arrays consist of seven E-type silhouettes placed on line or in a column or wedge formation. Targets must not be more than 5 meters apart nor extend beyond 30 meters in width or 20 meters in depth. 

TARGETRY (cont)Pg. 8-33

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ELO # 7

ACTION: List the ammunition requirements for Crew Live-Fire tables.

CONDITIONS: In a classroom environment,given a writing instrument,note paper and FM 3-22.1

STANDARDS: The student must gain the knowledge so that he can define the ammunition requirements for crew live fire gunnery tables IAW FM 3-22.1 Ch. 8.

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AMMUNITION

25mm GUN

• 8 rounds of TPDS-T per AP point target.

• 20 rounds of TPDS-T per aerial point target.

• 8 rounds of TP-T per HE point target.

• 25 rounds of TP-T per HE area target.

COAXIAL MACHINE GUN

• 50 rounds of 7.62mm per coax point target.

• 100 rounds of 7.62mm per coax area target.

NOTE: When crews are provided only one type of 25mm ammunition, the designated amount of ammunition, based on scenario target types, must be uploaded into the appropriate ready boxes (AP or HE ready box).

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ELO # 8

ACTION: List the Allowable Variations for Crew Live Fire Gunnery.

CONDITIONS: In a classroom environment,given a writing instrument,note paper and FM 3-22.1

STANDARDS: The student must gain the knowledge so that he can list the Allowable Variations for crew live fire gunnery tables IAW FM 3-22.1 Ch. 8.

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CREW LIVE-FIRE ALLOWABLE VARIATIONS

Pg. 8-33

Leaders may change their targets and firing tables as follows:

a. Division commanders may add friendly targets to BT VIII, Crew Qualification.

b. Division commanders may dictate more engagements on BT VIII using 27 degrees of dispersion between targets, not including the commander's engagement for M2A3 or M3A3 vehicles. Or, battalion or squadron commanders may--

• Modify BT I and BTs V thru VII to improve on weak areas.• Modify the number of tasks fired on BTs V through VII.• Add friendly targets to BTs V through VII.• Add smoke and obscurants on BTs V through VII.

c.To improve unit weaknesses, company commanders may modify the types of tasks to fire on BTs I or V through VII.

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d. When they have no moving targets, trainers use a stationary frontal target of the same type and at the same range. When they have no stationary targets, evaluators compensate by omitting one of the target's conditions.

e. If the firing vehicle's stabilization system fails, the crew reports it immediately to the control tower or OIC. He terminates the engagement, and the vehicle conducts no more offensive engagements until the system is corrected.

f. BTs V through VIII list the minimum number of engagements that the crew must fire to achieve training goals. Any engagements added to the firing tables will pertain to unit's METL and depend on ammunition availability.

CREW LIVE-FIRE ALLOWABLE VARIATIONS

(cont.)

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ELO # 9

ACTION: List the Prerequsites for Crew Live Fire Gunnery.

CONDITIONS: In a classroom environment,given a writing instrument,note paper and FM 3-22.1

STANDARDS: The student must gain the knowledge so that he can list the Prerequsites for crew live fire gunnery tables IAW FM 3-22.1 Ch. 8.

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CREW LIVE-FIRE GUNNERY PREREQUSITES

PREREQUISITES:

Crewmembers (11B, 12B, 13F, 14R, and 19D) must meet certain prerequisites before participating in crew gunnery. They must—

a. Qualify on BGST within the previous three months (four months for RC).

b. Qualify on BT II within the previous three months (four months for RC). 

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ELO # 10

ACTION: Explain the Purpose of BT V Crew Practice 1.

CONDITIONS: In a classroom environment,given a writing instrument,note paper and FM 3-22.1

STANDARDS: The student must gain the knowledge so that he can explain the Purpose BT V Crew Practice 1 IAW FM 3-22.1 Ch. 8.

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BT - VCREW PRACTICE 1

Pg. 8-34

BT V, Crew Practice 1, introduces crews to a live-fire gunnery environment (Draft Table 8‑13). This table uses the 7.62-mm coax machine gun, in the single-shot mode, as a subcaliber device replicating main gun engagement. Due to the limited engagement range of the coax, half-scale targets are placed at half the engagement distance;for example, when a 1,200-meter engagement requirement exists, a half-scale target is placed at 600 meters. Gunners must use the actual straight-line distances when engaging targets (600 meters for a replicated 1,200-meter target).

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BT - VCREW PRACTICE 1

ACTION: Engage and destroy stationary and moving targets from a stationary and moving Bradley during the day and night.

CONDITION: Given a Bradley, using the coax machine gun with single shot adapter as a sub-caliber device, authorized allocation of ammunition, suitable live fire range with targets, during day and night.

STANDARD: The crew must achieve a minimum of a “P” rating on 7 of 10 engagements with 1 of the 7 being an NBC engagement and 2 of the 7 being night engagements.

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ELO # 11

ACTION: Explain the Purpose of BT VI Crew Practice 2.

CONDITIONS: In a classroom environment,given a writing instrument,note paper and FM 3-22.1

STANDARDS: The student must gain the knowledge so that he can explain the Purpose BT VI Crew Practice 2 IAW FM 3-22.1 Ch. 8.

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BT - VICREW PRACTICE 2

Pg. 8-36

BT VI, Crew Practice 2, is the first table that requires the crew to fire with full-caliber ammunition using the 25-mm gun and the 7.62-mm coax burst techniques (Draft Tables 8‑14). Elements are fired from a baseline position. BT VI uses combat ranges to train BFV crew 25-mm and 7.62-mm coax engagement techniques during daylight and darkness against stationary and moving targets and against point and area targets.

 

BT VI‑-Crew Practice 2.• Draft Table 8-14A applies to the ODS and below.• Draft Table 8-14B applies to the ADA Linebacker.• Draft Table 8-14C applies to the A3.• Draft Table 8-14D applies to the BFIST.

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BT - VICREW PRACTICE 2

ACTION: Engage and destroy stationary and moving targets from a stationary Bradley during the day and night.

CONDITION: Given a Bradley, authorized allocation of ammunition, suitable live fire range with targets, during day and night.

STANDARD:The crew must achieve a minimum of a "P" rating on five of seven engagements (six of eight for A3) with one of the five (six) being an NBC engagement, one of the five (six) being a night engagement

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ELO # 12

ACTION: Explain the Purpose of BT VII Crew Practice 3.

CONDITIONS: In a classroom environment,given a writing instrument,note paper and FM 3-22.1

STANDARDS: The student must gain the knowledge so that he can explain the Purpose BT VII Crew Practice 3 IAW FM 3-22.1 Ch. 8.

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BT - VIICREW PRACTICE 2

Pg. 8-36

BT VII, Crew Practice 3, is the first table that requires the BFV crew to conduct offensive engagements with full-caliber ammunition at combat ranges (Draft Tables 8‑15). BT VII trains the Bradley crew to engage moving and stationary targets during daylight and darkness from a stationary and a moving firing vehicle.

BT VII‑-Crew Practice 3.• Draft Table 8-15A applies to the ODS and below.• Draft Table 8-15B applies to the ADA Linebacker.• Draft Table 8-15C applies to the A3.• Draft Table 8-15D applies to the BFIST

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BT - VIICREW PRACTICE 3

ACTION: Engage and destroy stationary and moving targets from a stationary Bradley during the day and night.

CONDITION: Given a Bradley, authorized allocation of ammunition, suitable live fire range with targets, during day and night.

STANDARD: The crew must achieve a minimum of a “P” rating on 6 of 8 engagements with 1 of the 6 being an NBC engagement and 2 of the 6 being night engagements.

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ELO # 11

ACTION: Explain the Purpose of BT VIII Crew Qualification.

CONDITIONS: In a classroom environment,given a writing instrument,note paper and FM 3-22.1

STANDARDS: The student must gain the knowledge so that he can explain the Purpose BT VIII Crew Qualification IAW FM 3-22.1 Ch. 8.

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BT - VIIICREW QUALIFICATION

Pg. 8-36

BT VIII, Crew Qualification, is a single-vehicle qualification table (Draft Tables 8‑16). It evaluates the crew's ability to acquire and engage targets in various firing conditions. Units are encouraged to fire on ranges that can accommodate dual scenarios. However, firing vehicles must not assist each other with acquiring targets. Firing crewmembers (excluding battalion and company master gunners) do not conduct inspections (reconnaissance) of range targetry during crew qualification. Crews may receive a range orientation of the downrange area and limit markers, but no targets are presented. The range briefing does not contain task sequences or describe where the crew will fire particular tasks. If the unit conducts BT VIII on the same range as BT VII, then the range scenarios (target arrays) in BTs VII and VIII must differ.

BT VIII‑-Crew Qualification.• Draft Table 8-16A applies to the ODS and below.• Draft Table 8-16B applies to the ADA Linebacker.• Draft Table 8-16C applies to the A3.• Draft Table 8-16D applies to the BFIST

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BT - VIIICREW QUALIFICATION

ACTION: Engage and destroy stationary and moving targets from a stationary Bradley during the day and night.

CONDITION: Given a Bradley, authorized allocation of ammunition, suitable live fire range with targets, during day and night.

STANDARD:The crew receives a distinguished, superior, or qualified rating based on the criteria shown in Draft Table 8-10.

 

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SUMMARY

51

TERMINAL OBJECTIVE

ACTION: The student will gain the knowledge so that he will understand the guidelines, allowable variations,and prerequisites for crew device and crew live fire gunnery.

CONDITIONS: In a classroom environment, given a writing instrument, and FM 3-22.1.

STANDARDS: The student will be able to list, define,and explain the allowable variations, and prerequsites for crew device and crew live fire gunnery.

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CREW GUNNERY