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Everything in your body is Everything in your body is a protein, or is MADE by a a protein, or is MADE by a
protein!protein!
InsulinActin & Myosin
Melanin
Elastin
Keratin
Hemoglobin
Heparin
4 letters in RNA’s genetic “alphabet” A C U G
20 letters in protein’s polypeptide “alphabet”
How to get between the two? Translation!
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Begin in the middle and work your way out
ExampleExample:
U A C
Tyrosine!Tyrosine!
p303 in your book 5
CAG Glutamine
AAA Lysine
GGA Glycine
GGU Glycine
UUC Phenylalanine
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AUG Methionine OR “start”
UAAUAG UGA “Stop” codons Act like the period at the end of a
sentence.8
We know HOW to put it together, but what will actually assemble that protein?
The ribosomeribosome is our protein assembly factory!
ribosomeribosome
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Ribosome.avi
During translation, the cell uses information from mRNA to produce proteinsproteins
“Knowing” which codon goes to each amino acid is the job of tRNAtRNA
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Each tRNA molecule has the following: Amino acid Amino acid attached to
one end Region of three unpaired
bases at other end▪ (What would you call the opposite
of a codon?)▪ Anticodon!
▪ Anticodon bases are complementary to one of the mRNA codons
AnticodonAnticodon11
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On the ribosome, the tRNA begins binding to its appropriate site on the mRNA
ribosome
amino acid
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The next tRNA molecule binds to the next codon on the mRNA
The ribosome now links those two amino acids with a peptide bond
The ribosome also breaks the first tRNA-aa bond
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ribosomeribosome
mRNAmRNA
tRNAtRNA
proteinprotein
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The polypeptide (protein) chain continues to grow until a stop codon is reached (UAG, UGA, UAA)
When it reaches a stop, the polypeptide chain is released into the wild
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I wonder how much $$ the government spent so I can eat bamboo
for 14 hours…
ribosomeribosome
mRNAmRNA
tRNAtRNA
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