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4531/2 Fizik Kertas 2 Set A 2011 2 ½ jam PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH MELAKA TENGAH LATIH TUBI PROGRAM PERKONGSIAN PINTAR ( CO ) BIDANG SAINS DAN MATEMATIK SEKOLAH MENENGAH DAERAH MELAKA TENGAH SPM 2011 LAH BERASRA FIZIK KERTAS 2 Dua jam tiga puluh minit JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU 1

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4531/2FizikKertas 2Set A20112 ½ jam

PEJABAT PELAJARAN DAERAH MELAKA TENGAH

LATIH TUBI PROGRAM PERKONGSIAN PINTAR ( CO )BIDANG SAINS DAN MATEMATIK

SEKOLAH MENENGAH DAERAH MELAKA TENGAH

SPM 2011LAH BERASRA

FIZIK

KERTAS 2

Dua jam tiga puluh minit

JANGAN BUKA KERTAS SOALAN INI SEHINGGA DIBERITAHU

1

2

3

Section A[60 marks]

Answer all questions in this section

1.

(a) (i) Name the measuring instrument B. [1 mark] ____________________________________________________________

(ii) What is the function of the measuring instrument A in the circuit? [1 mark]

____________________________________________________________

(b) Diagram 1.2 shows an electrical meter.

4

A

B

Diagram 1.1

Diagram 1.12

(i) The instrument has zero error, what is the zero error? [1 mark]

____________________________________________________________

(ii) What is the accuracy of the electrical meter ? [1 mark]

____________________________________________________________

2. Diagram 2 shows the velocity-time graph for the motion of a car.

(i) What is meant by velocity? [1 mark]

____________________________________________________________

(ii) What is the total displacement traveled by the car? [3 marks]

____________________________________________________________

(iii) What is the average velocity of the car along the journey? [2 marks]

____________________________________________________________

5

0 6 18 24Time/s

Velocity / ms-1

4

Diagram 2

3. The Diagram 3 shows three non-mixing liquids place in an enclosed tank.

a) State two factors that affect the pressure in liquid? [2 marks]

______________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________

b) i) Calculate the pressure due to the liquid at point X. [1 mark]

_______________________________________________________________

ii) Calculate the pressure due to the liquid at point Y. [1 mark]

______________________________________________________________ iii) Calculate the pressure due to the liquid at point Z. [1 mark]

______________________________________________________________

c) When the enclosed tank is dropped from a high place, what is the pressure of X, Y, and Z? Explain your answer. [2 marks]

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

6

X

Y

Z

2m

1m

1m

ρ = 0.8 X 103kgm-3

ρ = 1.0 X 103kgm-3

ρ = 1.1 X 103kgm-3

Diagram 3

4. Diagram 4 shows a bar magnet being dropping to solenoid. The bar magnet will pass through the solenoid. The poles of the bar magnet are as shown in diagram. P and Q are the polarity of the solenoid.

a) State Lenz’s Law. [1 mark]

_____________________________________________________________

b) State the polarity of the poles of the solenoid. [2 marks]

P: _____________________________________________________________

Q : _____________________________________________________________ c) Draw the direction of the induced current , I in Diagram 4 [1 mark]

d) State two ways to increase the magnitude of the induced current. [2 marks]

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

e) Describe the changes in the deflection of the galvanometer pointer when the magnet has just passed through solenoid. [1 mark]

_______________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________

7

Diagram 4

5)

The Diagram 5 show two metal blocks P and Q of the same mass are being heated at the same rate. The heater power is 30w The heat capacity of P is 8.97X102 Jkg-10C -1and Q is 3.85X102 Jkg-10C -1. The two metal blocks are 2kg and heated from room temperature 270C . After 15minute heated, the temperature P is 60 0C.

a) What is meant by the statement heated at the same rate? [1 mark]

________________________________________________________________

b) State three similarities for the block P and Q. [3 marks]

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

c) Calculate the amount of the heat supplied after 15minute? [2 marks]

________________________________________________________________

d) What is the specific heat capacity of P ? [2 marks]

________________________________________________________________

8

P Q

Diagram 5

6. Diagram 6 shows a step-down transformer.

(a) (i) Suggest one suitable metal to be used as metal X in the transformer.

________________________________________________________________[1 mark]

(ii) Explain the reason for your answer in 6(a) (i) . [1 mark]

________________________________________________________________

(iii) The number of turns on the primary coil is 2000 and on the secondary coil is 125. Calculate the output voltage of the transformer. [2 marks]

________________________________________________________________

(b) The Diagram 6.2 shows three identical bulbs of "12 V, 24 W", each connected in series to the secondary coil of a transformer. The input voltage is 240 V from the mains supply.

9

Diagram 6.1

Diagram 6.2

The primary coil has 3600 turns and secondary has 540 turns . The three bulbs are lighted with normal brightness.

(i) What is meant by normal brightness? [1 mark]

________________________________________________________________ (ii) What is the output voltage of the transformer? [1 mark]

________________________________________________________________ (iii) ) If the transformer is 100% efficient, calculate the current in the primary coil. [2 marks]

________________________________________________________________

7. The following Diagram 7.1 shows a simple wave motion.

a) (i) What is meant by a wave motion? [1 marks]

____________________________________________________________

(ii) State whether the wave is a transverse wave or a longitudinal wave.[1 mark]

____________________________________________________________ (iii) Give a reason for your answer in (a)(ii). [1 mark]

____________________________________________________________

10

Diagram 7.1

(iv) If the wave has a frequency of 1 Hz, mark on the diagram the distance, D, travelled by the wave in 2 second. [1 mark]

b) The following Diagram 7.2 shows water waves being generated by a linear dipper oscillating in a ripple tank with a deep area and a shallow area as indicated.

(i) State two changes when the wave moves toward the shallow area. [2marks]

____________________________________________________________ ____________________________________________________________ (ii) If the frequency of the oscillating linear dipper is 9 Hz, the wavelength of the

waves in the deep area is 9 cm and the wavelength of the waves in the shallow area is 4 cm, calculate

the speed of the waves in the deep area and

____________________________________________________________

the speed of the waves in the shallow area

____________________________________________________________[2marks]

8) Diagram 8.1 and diagram 8.2 show two circuits consisting of a semiconductor diode, an ammeter and a dry cell each.

11

Diagram 7.2

(a) Name an example of a pure semiconductor. [1marks]

____________________________________________________________

(b) (i) Compare the connections of the diodes in Diagram 8.1 and Diagram 8.2. [1mark]

____________________________________________________________

(ii) Compare the ammeter readings in Diagram 8.1 and Diagram 8.2. [1mark]

____________________________________________________________ (c) State two difference that cause the difference in the ammeter reading in

Diagram 8.1 and Diagram 8.2. [2marks]

____________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________

(d) State the function of a diode. [1mark]

____________________________________________________________

12

Diagram 8.1 Diagram 8.2

(e) Diagram 8.3 shows a full-wave bridge rectifier. The a.c. supply has a frequency of 50Hz

(i) when the polarity of the a.c. supply voltage is positive at A, state the two diodes which are forward biased. [1mark]

________________________________________________________

(ii) When the polarity of the a.c. supply voltage is negative at A, state the two diodes which are forward biased. [1mark]

_________________________________________________________

(iii) Using the axes in Diagram 8.4, sketch the voltage-time graph across resistor R. [2marks]

(iv)) On Diagram 8.5, sketch the voltage-time graph across the resistor if a capacitor is connected across resistor R, parallel with the resistor.

[2marks]

13

Voltage / V

Time / ms10 20 30 40 500

Voltage / V

Time / ms10 20 30 40 500

Diagram 8.3

Diagram 8.4

14

Diagram 8.5

Section B [20 marks]

Answer any one in section B

9.) Diagram 9 shows a ball placed onto smooth incline plane at point P. The ball is rolling down over the incline plane caused by gravitational potential energy. Point Q and point R are at the middle of the incline plane and at the ground respectively.

a) What is meant by gravitational potential energy? [1mark]

b) (i) Using Diagram 9, compare the height of the ball, the gravitational potential energy of the ball, the velocity of the ball and the kinetic energy of the ball at point P and point Q.

Deduce the relationship between the kinetic energy and the gravitational potential evergy of the rolling ball. [5marks]

(ii) Name the physical principle involved in (b) (i) . [1mark]

c) Explain what happens to the velocity of the ball when it reaches point R on the ground. [3marks]

15

Diagram 9

d) Based on the physical principle above, you are required to design a roller skate track.

Using appropriate physics concept, explain the design of the roller skate track so that it can be used to oscillate skate board continuously.

Your answer should include the following aspects :(i) Shape of the track(ii) Slope of the track(iii) Surface of the track(iv) Safety (v) Material of the track . [10marks]

10.) Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2 show the graph of radioactivity for two difference sources.

Diagram 10.1

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Diagram 10.2

a) What is meant by radioactivity ? [1mark]

b) Using Diagram 10.1 and Diagram 10.2, compare initial radioactive mass, rate of radioactive decay and time elapsed for the two sources. [3marks]

c) State the relationship between the fraction of radioactive source that remains and the time elapsed to deduce a relevant physics concept. [2marks]

d) The proton number of uranium (U) is 92. Uranium-236, one of the uranium radioisotopes, decay to Thorium-234 (Th) by emitting an alpha particle.

(i) Write the nuclear equation expressing the alpha decay of [2marks]

(ii) Briefly describe the change which occurs in the nucleus of Uranium-236 during the decay. [2 marks]

236 U92

17

e) A doctor wants to detect the presence of blockages in the blood vessels By injecting a suitable radioisotope as tracer into the blood stream of the patient, a doctor should be able to identify the part of body that not receiving enough blood.

Using your knowledge on radioactivity and Diagram 10.3, explain on the following aspect :

(i) The state of the radioisotope (ii) Type of radiation of the radioisotope use as a tracer.(iii) Half-life of the radioactive material.(iv) Equipment used to detect the radioactive radiation from the flowing

blood in the vessels flow in the patient.(v) How the detection system works. [10 marks]

18

Diagram 10.3

Section B [20 marks]

Answer any one in section B

11. a) Diagram 11 shows a portable snack box that can keep the snack inside the box cold or warm. The box is able to maintain the temperature of snack for a long time.

Diagram 11Table 11 shows the characteristics of materials which could be used to make the snack container.__________CharacteristicMaterial

Density Specific heat capacity

Melting Point

Thermal conductivity

A 3000 800 1500 HighB 2000 600 900 LowC 1500 1400 200 LowD 800 1600 30 LowE 2750 550 1000 High

Table 11(i) What is meant by specific heat capacity? [1mark]

(ii) Your are required to investigate the characteristics of the materials in Table 11 which could be used to make the snack container in Diagram 11. Explain the suitability of each characteristic in Table 11. Hence, determine which material is most suitable to be used to make the snack container. Justify your choice. [10marks ]

b) 400g of hot water at 800C is poured into a plastic cup and is allowed to cool down to room temperature of 300C.(i) Sketch a temperature-time graph for the cooling process of the hot water. [3 marks]

(ii) Determine the amount of heat lost from the hot water. The specific heat of water is 4200Jkg-1K-1. [3 marks]

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(iii) Hot water is poured into a glass which has a small crack. It is observed that the size of the crack increases. Explain this observation. [3 marks]

12 (a) Diagram A illustrates an electric bell operated by battery.

(i) What is meant by the term electromagnet? [1mark]

(ii) Explain why the hammer repeatedly strikes the bell when the switch is closed. [6marks]

(iii) Explain why the bell also works when a low voltage a.c. is used instead of the d.c. supply. [3 marks]

20

(b) Diagram B shows the National Grid Network.

The following table gives information on four types of cables that could be used for the transmissions of electricity over the National Grid Network.

Material Resistance ( km1) Density (kg m3)

Conductivity(S/m Rate for thermal

expansionW 0.68 6.9 103 1.79 X 107 LowX 1.38 3.0 103 3.50 X 107 MediumY 0.34 2.5 103 5.96 X 107 LowZ 0.53 8.2 103 9.43 X 106 Medium

Explain the suitability of each characteristic in the table and hence determine which cable is most suitable to be used. Justify your choice. [10 marks]

21

Answer :1.

2.

3.

4.

a)

b)

a)

d)

c)

a)

b)

c)

i)

i)

i)ii)

iii)

i)

ii)

iii)

Ammeter

To measure the Potential Difference across constantan wire // measure Potential Difference between two point.Zero error = 1µAAccuracy = 1 µAVelocity is the rate of change of displacementTotal displacement = Area under graph = ½ [(18-6)+(24)]x (4) = 72m (1mark for correct unit)

Average velocity = total displacement / time = 72m/24s = 3ms-1

- depth in liquid- density of liquidPx = ρhg = (0.8X103)(2)(10) = 16000 Pa --------------------------------------------------------Py = Px + ρhg = 16000 + (1.0X103)(1)(10) = 26000 Pa --------------------------------------------------------Pz= Py + ρhg = 26000 +(1.1X103)(1)(10) = 37000Pa ------------------------------------------------Pressure of X, Y, Z is zero, -because liquid drop together.

Lenz’s Law state that the direction of current induced will oppose the change which causes of itP: north polarityQ: south polarity

1

1

1

1

11+1

11

11

1

1

111

111

1

22

5

6

7.

d)

e)

a)b)

c)

d)

a)

b)

a)

b)

i)ii)iii)

i)

ii)iii)

i)

ii)iii)

iv)

i)

- increase the rate of motion of magnetic bar- increase the number of turn of coin in the solenoid

- galvanometer pointer will deflect but opposite to deflection when the magnetic bar move toward solenoid.

- same amount of heat supplied in a second- receive same amount of heat- same mass- same initial temperatureHeat supply = energy supply by heater = P x t = 30 x 15 x 60 = 27000 J Q=mcθ 27000 = 2X C X (60-27) C = 409.1 Jkg-1K-1

- Soft iron core- easily to magnetized or demagnetized V/240=125/2000 V = 15V (1mark for correct unit)Normal brightness means the voltage supplied to a bulb is the same as the voltage ratings on the bulb.12 3 = 36 V Power input =Power output I (240) = 24 X 3 I = 0.3 A Wave motion is the transfer of energy from one location to another location without the transfer of matter.

11

1

1111

11

11

1111+1

11

11

1

111

1

Max

23

8 a)b)

c)

d)e)

ii)

i)ii)iii)

iv)

Transverse waveThe direction of vibration is perpendicular to the direction of propagation of the wave motion. D

D is equal to a distance of two wavelengths.

- Wavelength becomes smaller.- Speed becomes smaller.- Amplitude becomes bigger.v = fλ = 9 x 9 = 81 cm s-1

v = fλ = 9 x 4 = 36 cm s-1

SiliconDiagram 8.1 is forward-biased Diagram 8.2 is reverse-biasedThe ammeter reading in Diagram 8.1 is higher but Diagram 8.2 is zeroThe connection of the diode and the connection of the dry cellIt converts alternating current to direct currentD1 and D3

D4 and D2

2

11

11

111111

2

2

20

24

9. a)

b)

c)

d)

i)

ii)

Energy caused by vertical position from ground

- The height of the ball at P > at Q- Gravitational potential everg of the ball at P > at Q- The velocity of the ball at Q > at P- The Kinetic energy at Q > at P- The Kinetic energy increases as the gravitational potential energy decreases.Principle of conservation of energy

- Velocity increases- Kinetic energy maximum / increase- Based on the principle of conservation of energy, gravitational potential energy is zero because changed to maximum kinetic energy.

- Semi circular curve shaped- Exchange between kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy easily- Increasing / decreasing slope slightly- Easily oscillates caused by changing of energy- Smooth surface- Easily to moves // Reduce frictional force- Soft layer at the surface- Reduce impulsive force when landing / accident.- Strong material // concrete of foundation of the track.- Withstand to the high force caused by jumping and landing

10. a)

b)

c)

Radioactive decay is the process in which an unstable nucleus becomes stable by emitting radioactive rays.

- The initial radioactive mass of Diagram 10.1 is same to Diagram 10.2 - the rate of radioactive decay of Diagram 10.2 is faster than Diagram 10.1- Diagram 10.1 taken longer time to elapsed the sources than Diagram 10.2

- The time taken for the fraction of radioactive source to become half is same to the time taken to elapsed half of the source. - The time taken of both call half-life.

1

1

1

1

11

25

d)

e)

i)

ii)

i)

- The proton in the nucleus of Uranium will decrease from 92 to 90 during the decay- The number of neutron in the nucleus of Uranium is remain 144 during the decay

- Liquid- because liquid state can flow with blood- Gamma ray- Because it can easily pass through the tissues- must short (less than 24 hour)- avoid the radiation stay too long in the body- Geiger-Muller Tube - GM tube can detect the gamma ray- the radioisotope emitted the gamma ray- detector trace or detect continuously to monitor the movement of the radioisotope

2

1

1

1111111111

20

11. a) i)

ii)

Specific heat capacity is the amount of heat required to raise the temperature of 1kg of a substance by 1K.

- Low Density- easy to carrier the container / weight of container will be light- Specific heat must high- It able to receive more heat from exterior, // it can remain the temperature in the box.- High Melting point- Can resist high temperature-Thermal conductivity must be low- so that heat transfer between the box interior and the exterior surrounding is low.

I choose material C because it has low density, high specific heat capacity, high melting point and low thermal conductivity.

1

1111

111

1

11

26

236 U =92232 Th +90

4 He2

b) i)

ii)

iii)

1 mark with correct axis with the unit.1 mark for the shape of the graph1 mark for label with importance point in temperature

Q=mcθ =0.4x4200x(80-30) =84KJ (1mark to correct unit)

When hot water is poured into the glass, the glass becomes hotter and expands.This causes the crack to get bigger.

3

11+1

11120

12.

a) i)

ii)

iii)

An electromagnet is made by winding a coil of insulated wire round a soft iron core, so that it becomes a magnet when a current is passed through the coil.-When the switch is closed, current flows, the U-shaped iron core becomes a magnet and pulls the iron armature and the hammer hits the bell

-When the armature is attracted by the electromagnet, the contact between the armature and the screw is broker, the circuit is not complete, no current flows, the iron-core loses all its magnetism, the armature is pull back to its initial position by the springy steel, there is contact between the armature and the screw again.

-The process describe above will repeat continuously and -cause the hammer to hit the bell repeatedly.-The a.c will magnetized the soft-iron too, -and also attract the iron-armature

1

Max 3

Max 3

Max 3

27

80

30

θ / 0C

Time / s

b) - Resistance must low- less energy loss \ less heat produce- Density must low- cable is not heavy // easy to carry - Conductivity must high- more current can carry / current easy flow / less resistance- Rate for thermal expansion must low- less sagging (extension) of the cables in hot weather // no extension in high temperateY is most suitable because y has low resistance, low density, high conductivity and low rate for thermal expansion.

11111111

11

20

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