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Preventing Runway Accidents
Paul WilsonHead of Airport ThroughputEUROCONTROL
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EUROCONTROL Short-Term ForecastTotal IFR FlightsCalendar Year 2004
Traffic Growth 2004 varies
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The challenges to growth study 2005 covers the period to 2020
Traffic could grow by a factor of 2.5 60% more capacity will be needed from European airports High intensity runway operations Minimum separations
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Runways are dangerous
300 tons
130 mph)))))))
System needs to be perfect… Nearly will not do
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One chance?
?
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Airport operators
AirNavigation
ServiceProviders
Airlines Regulators
Stakeholders
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Strategy
Establish: How many Why Who
Global definition of a runway incursion Identify global differences in practice Build international contacts Produce an Action Plan
European Global
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ICAO runway incursion definition
“Any occurrence at an aerodrome involving the incorrect presence of an aircraft, vehicle or person on the protected area of a surface designated for
the landing and take off of aircraft”
Applicable 25 November 2004
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Runway Incursion Reports
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Air Traffic Controllers Airside VehicleDrivers
Pilots
18% 29%
41%
0
50
100
150
200
250
Not classified
D
E
C
B
A
1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Who is involved
How they are classifiedEUROCONTROL 2004 data
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Contributory and causal factors
Misapplied conditional clearance
Controller non-standard phraseology
Frequency congestion/blocked
Multiple rwy ops - closely spaced parallel
RT - two different languages
Complex instructions to different aircraft
Controller high speech rate
Crew not familiar with the airport
Deficiencies in markings, signage and lighting
Inadequate driver training
Controllers - more than one position
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Contributory and causal factors 2
Misapplied conditional clearance
Multiple rwy ops - closely spaced parallel
Communication
Crew not familiar with the airport
Deficient markings, signage and lighting
Inadequate driver training
Controllers - more than one position
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Incursions – common trends
Human error 100%
Breakdown in team role – understanding of problems / tasks / duties
Communication Breakdown
More than 50% of pilots and drivers believe they have permission to be on the runway
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European Action Plan for the prevention of runway incursions
56 recommendations Issued via Regulators Recommendations are flexible Learnt from previous incidents /
accidents
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“At individual aerodromes, a Runway Safety Team should be established to lead action on local runway safety issues”
Composition – Pilots – (ALR), Air Traffic Controllers, Drivers – Aerodrome operations
Key recommendation
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Local Runway Safety Teams
Signage Markings ICAO compliant RT performance Raise awareness Local analysis of runway incursions Checking of maps and charts Identifying hotspots
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R/T Performance – A good example
Milan Malpensa Local Runway Safety TeamRoutine R/T checks
Standard phraseologyComplexityProvision of readbacks
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Key recommendation
Pilots shall not cross illuminated red stop bars when lining up or crossing a runway …
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Good example – UK NATS
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Key recommendation
Improve situational awareness by conducting all communications associated with runway operations on a common frequency.
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Example
London Heathrow 27L/09R All departing / arriving on the runway controllers frequency All crossing aircraft (300 per day) transferred as they approach
the runway All towed aircraft (100 per day) likewise All vehicles (inspection / crossing etc.) likewise
Total situational awarenessGood example – London Heathrow Airport
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From the point of view of the Pilot, Air Traffic Controller and Airside Vehicle Driver.
All the information is ICAO compliant.
There is a self scoring quiz Local Runway Safety Team
information. Widely distributed.
Runway Safety Awareness CD Rom
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Aerodrome Resource Management
Runway Incursions often occur after breakdown in team role
Joint training for Pilots, Drivers and Air Traffic Controllers working on the manoeuvering area
3 courses 2005 4 courses 2006
WORK AS A TEAM
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Involvement with individual airports
50 + presentations in 2005 Working with Local Runway Safety Teams EUROCONTROL and airline representatives
Manchester
Nice
Paris CDG
Barcelona
PalmaIbiza
Amsterdam
Frankfurt Munich
Lisbon
HelsinkiVilniu
sEston
ia Latvia
Warsaw
Rome
Malpensa
Naples
Bologna
Venice
Budapest
MadridBAA
Capetown
Skopje
Stockholm
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Human Factors
Aerodrome Operations human centric We can deal with distraction, high workload etc. Humans still make inexplicable errors How to deal with this?
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Aerodrome Runway Incursion Assessment
All airports at risk Model looks at specific issues at your airport Input – layout, ATC procedures, Number of crossings etc. Output – identifies areas of potential increased risk On trial at a number of locations Positive feedback to date
ARIA
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Technology
NowPositional awarenessWarning to controllers
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What is needed
Positional informationProximity warning for Pilots, Controllers and Drivers
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211
351
Where are we?
EUROCONTROL Statistical Reference Area (ESRA)
1 State reported one incursion in 2002 and 100+ in 2003
More than one per day in Europe
True number?
Increasing awareness
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Achievements
European Action Plan for the Prevention of Runway Incursions widely implemented 91% of airports surveyed have established LRST’s 89% of Local Runway Safety Teams have conducted awareness campaigns Almost 100% of towers have verified the use of standard ICAO RT phraseologies and taken
measures to ensure that ATC communication messages are not over long or complex.
Excellent cooperation between air traffic control, airlines, airports and pilot and controller associations.
Quality and accurate data
Preventing Runway Incursions remains a difficult and complex problem
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European Action Plan for the Prevention of Runway Incursions
Email [email protected]
Telephone +32-2-729 3789
is available from:
www.eurocontrol.int/runwayincursions
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