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• Almeida de Eca: “a two way synchronous form of CMC, a dialogue in real time as we keyboard or speak our words...”
• Vance Stevens: “using chat in a learning environment is a meaningful and constructivist
experience”
• “....it´s communication with real people in real time which enhances LL, since it’s human interaction, discussion and collaboration leading to new knowledge..”
• Allen & Guy called Chat “ interactive written discourse”
• Dafne Gonzalez: “chats can also be used to improve different aspects of our teaching practice....”
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Synchronous CMC Tools: Chat Rooms and how to use them for
Language Learning• 1-pedagogical rationale for using chat rooms as a language learning tool• 2-reasons for using chat/ difficulties for students• 3-modes and types• 4-chatiquette• 5-Taxonomy of Educational Chats for ESL/EFL• 5-possible projects and activities• 6-resources• 7-conclusions/ suggestions• 8-where to find chat rooms.
• (show transp Sow Train Coming)
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Pedagogical Rationale
• allows learners to interact in authentic contexts with native speakers• allows students to use language learnt, with a real purpose• allows communication to take place in real time• favours joint products• chat activities promote active involvement• teacher role minimized: promotes learner autonomy• transcripts generated: useful for studying language used• studies suggest chatting improves interactive competence: helps bring
stds closer together• students can notice language used by native speakers• opportunities for skills development & practice• provides natural space for negotiation of meaning, due to immediacy
of feedback• brings up issues of turn-taking and classroom management• involves special language features (RUOK) & “emoticons”
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Reasons for using Chatrooms with Students
• Motivation: genuine audience, sense of purpose• Synchronous communication• Authenticity• Alternative• Extra-curricular practice• Exploitation• Native speakers• Culture• Vocabulary• Anonymity• Translation• Responsibility• Flexibility• Keyboard skills/ learning technology• Social skills• Feedback: support and confidence
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more reasons...
• text chat: practise writing and reading skills
• voice chat: practise pronunciation • audio chat: practise listening
comprehension
(See Tr Chatlog)
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Three modes:
• Text
• Audio (voice)
• Video (image)
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Types of Chat Rooms:
• text based : AOL IM, WM, Net Meeting, MSN Messenger, YM .
• avatar based http://php.indiana.edu/~braspark/avatar/
• audio: YM, Paltalk, iVisit, MSN Messenger.
Wimba: http://wimba.com/ iVisit: http://www.ivisit.info/ Paltalk: http://www.paltalk.com/paltalk10/
• video : YM, WM (1 to 1), iVisit (Multiparty)
• Moos, Muds, Mushes
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Three Communication Environments
• Instant messaging
• Conferences (Baltimore)
• Chat groups
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Types:
• Pre-established • User-created
• public
• private
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Difficulties: types
• Technical
• Session management
• Students´ participation
• Language
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technical
• incompatibilities between operating systems• YM: dial up connections in “3 in 1” mode• server error messages• slow response/ download/ temporary hang-ups/
disconnection
• BUT: attempt: a lesson in itself!
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Session management
• Time: pre-program session• Number of participants in different chatrooms• Check students get passwords and usernames• Rehearsal session advisable
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Students´participation
• slow keyboard skills
• culture specific
• topics: inappropriate/ unfamiliar/ offensive: misunderstandings
• quick text reading ability
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Language level
• use of slang, abbreviations, oversimplified, instant-messaging type, “block language”
• exposure to badly constructed English
• poor structure: informal
• no capital letters
• cybershock: raise awareness
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Caveats to joining public chatrooms:
• Many are pornographic
• It is time-consuming
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Chatiquette
• Don’t talk in capital letters• Never scroll the screen• Don’t join a chatroom/ leave without saying sth• Don’t idle or lurk in a chatroom (brb)
• Be patient• Don’t use excessive colours• Avoid sarcasm, ambiguous humour and expressions;
no flaming• Ask if you are welcome• Be friendly. Be polite. Be considerate
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To consider:
• Teacher or teacher free? Moderator?• Corrections?• Group or P2P?• Level• Usernames• Time zones• Transcripts
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Rules
• Moderating Rules
• Responsibilities: knowledgeable, reliable, helpful, supportive, extra sensitive
• Time: shift focus/ fire subtopics
• Motivation: keep ball rolling
• Error correction
• Assessment of performance
• Participating Rules
• Behaviour
• Multitasking
• Language used
• Turn-taking
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Ways to use educational Chats
• Office/school hours
• Groups discussion outside the classroom
• Students: synchronous communication with other EFL students around the world.
• Teachers: synchronous communication with other language teachers (Daf’s DB/ recorded tape from Damian)
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Pre-Chat Activities
• 1- learning how chat rooms work, how to post a message, benefits of chat rooms, some useful chat room vocab
• 2- using chat rooms to ask and answer questions among classmates, printing transcript and improving questioning
• 3- interviewing the teacher to improve language, using transcript
• 4- playing “guess who” among classmates• 5- series of regular practice sessions: in advance mail topics/
questions, to prepare, gather ideas, vocab.
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Practice sessions aim to
• get familiar with chat room vocabulary, and use all relevant functions
• gain confidence in asking/ answering questions• use tools and dictionaries• use chat transcripts to identify language problems
and improve their English: edit, analyse, rewrite, report.
• draw a line between different registers
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Possible projects (classroom preparation)“educational chatting should have clearly defined product-oriented
goals...”(Westhoff)
• Surveys• Tests, Questionnaires, Quizzes, Puzzles• Role-plays (“The Personal Interview”: form with blanks)
• Topic Discussions (email topics in advance: Taiwanese)
• Info gap activities ( Festivals – Celebrations)
• Describe/Draw a Picture (Groupboard)
• As practice tool (stds start a room: interplay of linguistic competence)
• As an interview medium• Mixed, combined tasks (Daf’s chat with video)
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more tasks
Mixed task
• 4 groups to 4 chatrooms• Same topic –
controversial• Precise instructions• Appoint summarizer• Post summaries in D.
Board• Allow for open
discussion
Role-play
With/ without f2f preparation
*Problem at school
*Accident scene
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Follow-up tasks
• Grammar: errors
• Vocabulary: idioms, synonyms, M. Matching
• Functional Language
• Writing: reports, editing, letter-writing, project work
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Participation Assessment?
Educational Chat Classification*Dafne Gonzalez
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Correction......,useful...?
• Syntactical, lexical errors? “embedding” correction/ repair
• Participation: interactive competence, empathy, attention in role of listeners, strategic competence for self-repair, circumlocution
• Staying on topic
• Collaborative tasks: one-at-a-time correction strategy, polishing printed interview.
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Chats in Teacher Development
• Sharing work done
• Exploring web tools
• Practising e-moderation with students• Participating in online conferences as
audience/ participants ( NETWorking 2002)
• Planning events/ joint projects
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Conclusions- suggestions:for you, the teacher
• Become experienced: join a chat room yourself• Choose a user-friendly virtual place• Decide on common interests, topics and distribution of
tasks.• Assign a clear, precise activity.• Be clear about due dates and times• Ensure stds have the necessary computer skills• Have a virtual class rehearsal before “chat day” with
foreign groups• Keep ongoing communication
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Resources
• enough computers
• fast Internet connection
• networked printer
• projection device (preferably)
• make sure you are familiar with chat room you will use. Try <www.bravenet.com>
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Where to find chat rooms
• most search engines: YM, Net Meeting, MSN Messenger
• http://aitech.ac.jp/~iteslj/links/• http://englishclub.net/search/• http://eslcafe.com/search/• EFL/ESL stds chatroom: http://chat.englishclub.com• to find other teachers to set up exchange chats:
http://www.englishclub.net/cgi-bin/e-friends/tt.pl• tandem learning: www.etandemlearning.com
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“Language is communication. The purpose of learning a language is, for most people, to use it to
communicate. And why communicate?
Most immediately, you have something you want to say or you meet someone you want to
understand.
The language you want and need to learn the most is that part of the language that helps you to meet
your immediate needs.”
Vance Stevens
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Bibliography- “Internet Audio Communication for Second Langauge Learning: a Comparative
Review of Six Programs” , Gary A. Cziko and Sujunk Park
- “How can Instructors and Administrators Fill the Missing Link in Online Instruction?”, Thelma J. Roberson and Jack Klotz.
- “Educational Chat Classification”, Dafne Gonzalez
- “To Chat or not to Chat in the EFL Classroom, that is the Question!”, Teresa Almeida d'Eça
- “A Taxonomy of Educational Chats for EFL/ESL”, Dafne Gonzalez
“Webheads in the Action”, Dafne Gonzalez, http://dafnegon.tripod.com/wia/doingwhat.htm
- “Educational Chat: Chat and the ESL Class (presentation) - John H. Steele (2001)
- “Rubric for Group Chat Meeting”, Dafne Gonzalez
- Introducing EFL Students to Chat Rooms - Jo Mynard (2002)
- “ Some CMC clients promoting language learning through chatting online”, Vance Stevens
- Giving Exams in an Online Chat Room - Janet K. M. Marta (Jan. 2002)
- “Chat and the Language Learning Process”, Teresa Almeida d´Eca
- “Constructing Knowledge with Technology”, Martha Boethel and K. Victoria Dimock.
- “A day in the life of an online language educator,” Stevens, V. 2002.
- “Writing for Webheads: An online writing course utilizing synchronous chat and student web pages,” Stevens, Vance, 1999.
- Webheads Communities: Writing Tasks Interleaved with Synchronous Online
Communication and Web Page Development”, Stevens, V.
