10 Early Adulthood Young Adulthood

7/28/2019 10 Early Adulthood Young Adulthood

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7 Periods of

Development

4) Adolescence

(prepubescence)

(pubescence)

(postpubecence)

10-18 yrs female

12-20 yrs male

(2 yrs before onset)

(4 yrs-hormones)

(final 2 yrs)

5)Young adulthood 18-40 yrs

6) Middle adulthood 40-65 yrs


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8 Periods of the Life

Span

AGE PERIOD MAJOR DEVELOPMENTS

Young

Adulthood

(20 to 40 yrs)

Physical health peaks, then declines

slightly.

Cognitive abilities assume morecomplexity.

Decisions are made about intimate

relationships.

Most people marry, most become

parents.

Career choices are made.


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7) PUBERTY or PREADOLESCENCE ten or

twelve to thirteen or fourteen years

8) ADOLESCENCE thirteen or fourteen to

eighteen years

9) EARLY ADULTHOOD - eighteen to forty years

10) MIDDLE AGE forty to sixty years11) OLD AGE or SENESCENCE sixty years to

death

10 Stages in the

Life Span


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HavighurtsDevelopmental Tasks During

The Life Span

Early Adulthood: Getting started in an occupation

Selecting a mate

Learning to live with a marriage partner

Starting a family

Rearing children

Managing a home

Taking a civic responsibility

Finding a congenial social group


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ADULTHOOD

adultusgrown to full size and strength

Individuals who have completed theirgrowth & are ready to assume their status

in society. Subdivided into three stages:

Early adulthood ( 18 to 40 yrs)

Begin to loss reproductive capability

Middle adulthood (middle age) 40 to 60 yrs

Physical & mental decline

Late adulthood (old age) sixty to death

Medical advances extends


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EARLY

ADULTHOOD Characteristics:

1) Settling down age

- too early (career & life partner) leads to discontent

- dependent on two factors:

>how soon they find a suitable lifestyle that

satisfies their present & future needs> the willingness to assume the responsibility

- once one decides upon the pattern of life that theythink will meet their needs, they develop patterns

of behavior, attitudes and values.

2) Reproductive age

- parenthood


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Early Adulthood

Characteristics:3) Problem age

- difficulty adjustment: poor preparation/coping,

multiple roles, no help in meeting/solving problems.

4) Period of Emotional Tension

- worries: work, marital or parenthood

5) Period of Social Isolation

- from friendliness of adolescence to competitivenessof the successful adult

6) Period of Commitments

7) Period of Dependency

- perpetual students


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Early Adulthood

Characteristics:

8) Period of Value change

- some common reasons:

a. acceptance in a social group ( appearance)

(conventional values and behavior)

b. being married or becoming a parent

predisposes to being more socially

conscious and concerned

9) Period of Adjustments to New lifestyles

- egalitarian vs. traditional sex roles; new family-life

patterns, new vocational patterns

10) Creative age


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DEVELOPMENTAL

TASKS

Getting started with a occupation

Selecting a mate

Learning to live with a marriage partner Starting a family

Rearing children

Managing a home

Finding civic responsibility

Finding a congenial social group


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Mastery of

Developmental Tasks

Physical efficiency

- peaks mid-twenties, then slow gradual decline into forties

Motor abilities

- Peak strength between 20 & 30 yrs- Maximum speed of response between 20 & 25 yrs

- Learning new motor skills, superior in early 20s

Mental abilities

- recall of previously learned material, reasoning by analogy,creative thinking peaks early 20s

Motivation- regarded as independent adults

Role model - varies


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INTERESTS in

ADULTHOOD

Conditions that predispose to changes in

interest:

Health condition

Economic status Life patterns

Values

Sex-role changes

Marital statue Assumption of parental role

Preferences

Cultural and environmental pressures


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Personal interests

Appearance

Acceptance of their physiques & maximizing it

Wane in the late twenties due to pressures inbusiness & family affairs, but resume once

signs of aging set in (weight, sagging chins,

graying hair, protruding abdomen)

Clothes and personal adornment

Improvement of appearance Indication of social status

Individuality

Socioeconomic success

Sex appropriateness

Interests In

Adulthood


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Symbols of maturity

Status

Money

Religion Recreational Interests

Activities that renews strength & refreshes

spirit after toil or anxiety

Talking , dancing, sports & games,entertaining, amusements, hobbies

Interests In

Adulthood


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Moving from one social group to another

Either social or vertical:

Higher educational level

Marriage to higher status person Family pull in the vocational world

Acceptance & adoption of customs, values& symbols or the higher social group

Money Transfer to a higher-status church

SOCIAL

MOBILITY


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Active participation in prestigious

community affairs

Graduation from a prestigious school or

college Membership in one or more exclusive

community clubs

Social Mobility


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A high socioecenomic status

A higher level of education than the majority of

the group

A realistic self-concept

Realistic goals

A high frustration tolerance

The ability to express hostility tactfully

The ability to accept succes or failure gracefully The ability & willingness to accept authority

The ability & willingness to communicate with

others

A willingness to work for the group rather thanself

Important Qualities

of Adult Leaders


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SEX ROLE

ADJUSTMENTS

Traditional vs Egalitarian concepts

Men

Male supremacy at home: wage earner,decision maker, adviser & disciplinarian of

children; positions of authority & prestige

outside the home.

Works together in a companionship

relationship, treats women as equals; notashamed if wife has more prestigious or

remunerative job.


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Women

Role is other-oriented, fulfillment is based on

serving others. Not expected to work outside

home except on cases of financial

necessity, and then does work that servesothers ( nursing, teaching or secretarial

work.

Able to actualize her own potentials without

feeling guilty about using her abilities &training to achieve satisfaction, even if

requires employing someone else to take

care of home/children.

Sex Role

Adjustments


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PERSONAL &

SOCIAL HAZARDS

Physical hazards

- poor health; physical defects

Religious

- adjustments to new religious faith; mixed marriages

Social

- difficulty to be with a congenial social group;

dissatisfaction with the role the social groups; social

mobility

Sex-role

- Men: false practices to assert masculinity

- Women: minority-group complex, trapped marriage


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VOCATIONAL

ADJUSTMENTS

Common Attitudes:

Society-maintaining Work Attitudes

- have little or no interests in their work per se & gainlittle personal satisfaction

- paychecks is the main interest

- regard jobs as heavy & unpleasant burdens, looksforward to retirement time

Ego-involving Work Attitudes

- derives great personal satisfaction; work is a basis ofself-respect & sense of worth.

- means of gaining prestige, a locus of social participationor source of intrinsic enjoyment or creative self-expression.

- may become preoccupied to the exclusion of other

interests; dreads retirement.


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FAMILY

ADJUSTMENTS

Marital Adjustments

Parenthood Adjustments

Singlehood Adjustments


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FAMILY

ADJUSTMENTS

Marital Adjustments

Mate; Sexual; In-law

Parenthood Adjustments

Voluntary childlessness; Single

parenthood

Singlehood Adjustments Reasons for singlehood; Effects of

singlehood


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FAMILY

ADJUSTMENYS

Marital Adjustments: Mate

Conditions Contributing to Difficulties

in Marital Adjustment:

1. limited preparation for marriage2. roles in marriage

3. early marriage

4. Unrealistic concepts of marriage

5. mixed marriages

6. shortened courtships

7. romantic concepts of marriage

8. lack of identity


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FAMILY

ADJUSTMENTS

Marital Adjustments: Mate

Factors Influencing Adjustment to a Mate:

1. Concept of an ideal mate

2. Fulfillment of needs3. Similarity of backgrounds

4. Common interests

5. Similarity of values

6. Role concepts

7. Change in life pattern


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FAMILY

ADJUSTMENTS

Marital Adjustments: Sex

Factors Influencing Sexual Adjustments:

1. Attitudes toward sex

2. Past sexual experiences3. Sexual desire

4. Early marital sexual experiences

5. Attitudes toward use of contraceptives

6. Effects of vasectomy


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FAMILY

ADJUSTMENTS

Marital Adjustments: In-laws

Factors Influencing In-laws Adjustments:

1. Stereotypes

2. Desire for independence3. Family cohesiveness

4. Social mobility

5. Care of elderly relatives

6. Financial support of in-laws


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FAMILY

ADJUSTMENTS

Marital Adjustments Conditions Affecting Stability of Marriage:

1. Number of children

2. Social class

3. Similarity of background

4. Time of marriage

5. Reason of marriage

6. Time at which the couple become parents

7. Economic status

8. Parental model

9.Ordinal position in childhood family

10. Maintenance of identity


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FAMILY

ADJUSTMENTS

Parenthood Adjustments Factors Influencing Adjustments to

Parenthood:

1. Attitudes toward pregnancy

2. Attitudes toward parenthood

3. Age of parents

4. Sex of children

5. Number of children6. Parental expectations

7. Feelings of parental adequacy

8. Attitudes toward changed roles

9.The childs temperament


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FAMILY

ADJUSTMENTS

Parenthood Adjustments Reasons for Voluntary Childlessness:

1. Engrossing careers

2. Unwillingness to give up the established goodlife

3. Interracial or interreligious which will behandicaps to their children

4. Fear of inadequate income to give best for theirchildren

Limited Number of Children:

1. Less disrupting to marital relationship

2. Unwillingness to give careers

3. Gratifications of parenthood & of personal

interests


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FAMILY ADJUSTMENTS

Singlehood Adjustments Reasons Why Young Adults Remain Single:

1) An unattractive or sex-inappropriate appearance

2) An incapacitating physical defect or prolonged

illness

3) Unwillingness to assume responsibilities ofmarriage & parenthood

4) Pursue a career requiring working long & irregular

hours or much traveling

5) Residence in community where sex ration isunbalanced

6) Lack of opportunity to meet eligible members of

opposite sex

7) Responsibilities for aging parents or younger

siblings

FAMILY ADJUSTMENTS


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FAMILY ADJUSTMENTS

Singlehood Adjustments Reasons Why Young Adults Remain Single:

8) Disillusionment as result of unhappy earlier

family experiences

9)Sexual availability without marriage

10) An exciting lifestyle

11)Opportunity to rise on the vocational ladder

12) Freedom to change & experiment in work and

lifestyle

13) Belief that social mobility is easier when singlethan married

14)Strong & satisfying friendships with member pf

the same sex

15) Homosexuality

STUMBLING BLOCKS T MASTERY Of


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STUMBLING BLOCKS To MASTERY Of

DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS

Of EARLY ADULTHOOD

Inadequate foundations

Physical handicaps

Discontinuities in training

Overprotectiveness

Prolongation of Peer-group influence

Unrealistic aspirations

HIGHLIGHTS


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HIGHLIGHTS Vocational & family adjustments are difficult bec oflimited

foundations on w/c to build adjustments to the newness

of roles these adjustments require.

Major problems in vocational adjustment: selection

of vocation, achieving stability in the selection

made & adjustment to work situations.

Increasing number of family-life patterns makes maritaladjustment difficult, esp when the family-life pattern that fitsthe individual needs differs from that approved by society.

Conditions contributing to difficulties in maritaladjustments: limited preparation for marriage, earlymarriages, unrealistic& romanticized concepts ofmarriage, mixedmarriages, shortenedcourtships,

lack of identity in marriage & marked role changes.

HIGHLIGHTS


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HIGHLIGHTS Common adjustment problems in marriage:

adjustment to mate, sexual adjustment, financial

and in-laws adjustment.

Parenthood is crises in individuals life bec necessitateschanges in attitudes, values & roles.

Factors influencing adjustment to parenthood:attitude towards pregnancy & parenthood, age ofparents, sexof children, parental expectations,feelings of parental adequacy, attitudes towardchanged roles necessitated by parenthood and

childs temperament.

Criteria assessing marital adjustment: happiness of husband& wife, good parent-child relationships, good adjustments ofchildren, ability to deal satisfactorily with disagreements,

togetherness, good financial adjustments & good in-lawad ustments.

HIGHLIGHTS


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HIGHLIGHTS

Effects of singlehood today are far less damaging

to both men and women than in the past.

Most common & serious vocational hazards are

job dissatisfaction & unemployment.

Most common & serious marital hazards center

around adjustment to a mate, competitiveness inthe marital relationship, sexual adjustments,

acceptance of family economic status & role

changes, relationship with in-laws & adjustment

to parenthood.

3 criteria for success of adjustment to adulthood:

achievement in the vocation & life pattern chosen

by the individual; degree of satisfaction derived

from chosen vocation; success of personal

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10 Early Adulthood Young Adulthood