10 muscles

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings

Human Anatomy & Physiology, Sixth Edition

Elaine N. Marieb

PowerPoint® Lecture Slides prepared by Vince Austin, University of Kentucky

10The Muscular System


Major Skeletal Muscles: Anterior View

The 40 superficial muscles here are divided into 10 regional areas of the body

Figure 10.4b


Major Skeletal Muscles: Posterior View

The 27 superficial muscles here are divided into seven regional areas of the body

Figure 10.5b


Muscles: Name, and Action

Name and description of the muscle – be alert to information about the muscle given in the name

Origin and insertion – there is always a joint between the origin and insertion

Action – best learned by acting out a muscle’s movement on one’s own body


Muscles of the Face

Figure 10.6


Muscles of Mastication

Figure 10.7a

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.8a

Muscles of the Anterior Neck and Throat



Deeper Muscles of the Neck: Anterior

Figure 10.9a


Deeper Muscles of the Neck: Posterior

Figure 10.9b


Deep Back Muscles

Figure 10.9d

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Muscles of Respiration

The primary function of deep thoracic muscles is to promote movement for breathing

External intercostals – more superficial layer that lifts the rib cage and increases thoracic volume to allow inspiration

Figure 10.10a


Muscles of Respiration

Internal intercostals – deeper layer that aids in forced expiration

Diaphragm – most important muscle in inspiration

Figure 10.10a


Muscles of Respiration: The Diaphragm

Figure 10.10b



Muscles of the Abdominal Wall

Figure 10.11a

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Figure 10.11b



Figure 10.11c


Extrinsic Shoulder Muscles

Figure 10.13a

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Extrinsic Shoulder Muscles

Figure 10.13b


Muscles Crossing the Shoulder

Figure 10.14a

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Figure 10.14d

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Figure 10.14c


Muscles Crossing the Elbow

Forearm extension

The triceps brachii is the prime mover of forearm extension

Forearm flexion

Brachialis and biceps brachii are the chief forearm flexors

The brachioradialis acts as a synergist and helps stabilize the elbow


Muscles of the Forearm

The two functional forearm muscle groups are: those that cause wrist movement, and those that move the fingers and the thumb

These muscles insert via strong ligaments called flexor retinacula and extensor retinacula

Anteriomedial compartment - flexors and pronators

Posterolateral compartment - extensors and supinator

The pronator teres and pronator quadratus are not flexors, but pronate the forearm

The supinator muscle is a synergist with the biceps brachii in supinating the forearm


Forearm: SuperficialAnterior Compartment

These muscles are primarily flexors of the wrist and fingers and pronators

Figure 10.15a

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Forearm: Deeper Anterior Compartment

Figure 10.15b, c

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Deep Deepest


Forearm:SuperficialPosteriorCompartment

These muscles are primarily extensors of the wrist and fingers

Figure 10.16a

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Forearm:DeepPosteriorCompartment

These muscles are primarily extensors of the wrist and fingers and the supinator

Figure 10.16b

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Muscles Crossing Hip and Knee Joints

Anterior compartment (most) muscles of the hip and thigh flex the femur at the hip and extend the leg at the knee

Extend the leg (anterior compartment)

Posterior compartment muscles of the hip and thigh extend the thigh and flex the leg

Flex and extend the thigh (posterior compartment)

Medial compartment muscles all adduct the thigh

Adduct the thigh (medial compartment)

These three groups are enclosed by the fascia lata


The most important thigh flexors are the iliopsoas (prime mover), tensor fasciae latae, and rectus femoris

The medially located adductor muscles and sartorius assist in flexion

Movements of the Thigh at the Hip: Flexion and Extension


Thigh extension is primarily effected by the hamstrings (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, and semimembranosus)

Forceful extension is aided by the gluteus maximus

Movements of the Thigh at the Hip: Flexion and Extension


Figure 10.19a

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Abduction and rotation are effected by the gluteus medius and gluteus minimus, and are antagonized by the lateral rotators

Thigh adduction is the role of five adductor muscles (adductor magnus, adductor longus, and adductor brevis; the pectineus, and the gracilis)

Movements of the Thigh at the Hip: Other Movements


Figure 10.20a

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Movements of the Thigh at the Hip: Other Movements

Figure 10.20b

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Movements:Knee Joint

sole extensor of the knee

quadriceps femoris

flex the knee, and are antagonists to the quadriceps femoris

hamstrings

Figure 10.19a


Muscles of the Anterior Compartment

primary toe extensors and ankle dorsiflexors

tibialis anterior

extensor digitorum longus

extensor hallucis longus

fibularis (peroneus) tertius

Figure 10.21a

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Figure 10.21b-d

Muscles of the AnteriorCompartment

ISOLATED


Muscles of theLateral Compartment

plantar flex and evert the foot

fibularis longus

fibularis brevis

Figure 10.22a

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Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 10.22b, c

Muscles of the Lateral Compartment - ISOLATED


Muscles of the Posterior Compartment

primarily flex the foot and the toes gastrocnemius soleus tibialis posterior flexor digitorum longus flexor hallucis longus

Figure 10.23a

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Muscles of the Posterior Compartment - DEEP

Figure 10.23b, c

Deep

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Muscles of the Posterior Compartment - DEEPEST

Figure 10.23b, c

Deepest

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*

**


Figure 10.23d-f

Muscles of the Posterior Compartment - ISOLATED

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10 muscles