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The Evolution of Democratic Ideals; 1215 to 1791
Directions: Read the following background information and complete Student Handout 4.
The Glorious Revolution, the American Revolution, and the French
Revolution had far-reaching consequences as they challenged the institutions
that shaped the political structure of the world. Each attempted to establish
democratic principles of government, including limiting the power of the
government and extending rights to the governed. Although each revolution
occurred in a different time and place, all three were based on the ideas that
government derives its power from the people it governs, and government
exists to protect its citizens who have certain rights that cannot be denied. The
Glorious Revolution, American Revolution, and French Revolution had
enduring effects worldwide on political expectations for self-government and
individual liberty.
derives: to gain or secure from something else. denied: taken away or withheld. enduring: continuing to exist for a long time. intent: purpose
Several essential political documents were created at critical times in
history that paralleled the ideas that drove these revolutions. There were five
documents written between 1215 to 1791 with the intent to guarantee
numerous rights for their citizens.
The English Magna Carta (1215) established the principle that no one,
including the king, was above the law. The abuses by King John caused a
revolt by nobles who forced the king to recognize the rights of noblemen. The
Magna Carta, otherwise known as the Great Charter, eventually came to
protect the interests of other social classes as well. As a result, the document
was regarded as a guarantee of certain rights. The Magna Carta established
the principles of the rule of law, limited government, and due process of law. It
also guaranteed individual rights to the nobility.
The Glorious Revolution (1688) brought the first bill of rights to the
English people by the new monarchs, William and Mary of Orange. The
document begins with a list of grievances against the exiled King James II. It
justifies both the right to depose the king and details the rights that must be
protected by the new sovereigns. This document ensured the superiority of
Parliament over the monarchy while spelling out basic rights and freedoms.
exiled: forced to leave the country for political reasons. depose: to remove from power. sovereigns: individuals having the highest power in a country.
Document 1
8
Document 1
The English Bill of Rights (1689) extended individual liberites and due process
of law to the nobility. The English Bill of Rights would be a model for future
documents such as the Declaration of Independence and the U.S. Bill of
Rights. Enlightenment: period in 18th century; based on belief science and knowledge could improve people’s lives. unalienable: cannot be taken away from you.
The American Revolution (1775-1783) showed the world that rebellion
against a powerful monarchy was possible. The ideas of the Enlightenment
inspired the American colonists to demand the rights granted to the English
citizens. Thomas Jefferson's Declaration of Independence of 1776 claimed
that unalienable rights were the foundation of all government, and he justified
American resistance to English rule in these terms. The Declaration of
Independence is also important because it advocated the principle of the
consent of the governed. Jefferson's Declaration of Independence had an
immediate influence on the French people at this time. Parliament: main law-making institution in some countries. framers: group which made the U.S. government.
The French Revolution against King Louis XVI began when the king
clashed with the Estates-General, an assembly similar to Parliament. The
Estates-General wrote its Declaration of the Rights of Man and the Citizen
(1789) based heavily on the American Declaration. The Assembly adopted
this charter of basic liberties. The French declaration extended individual
liberties, consent of the governed, and protected the principle of due process
of the law.
Finally, the U.S. Bill of Rights (1791) responded to earlier ideas about
the relationship between individuals and their governments. The framers of
the U.S. Constitution added the first ten amendments to the Constitution,
known as the U.S. Bill of Rights, to limit the powers of the federal government.
The ideas outlined in the English Bill of Rights were written into the U.S. Bill of
Rights guaranteeing them to the citizens in the United States. The U.S. Bill of
Rights extended and protected the principles of individual liberties and due
process of law.
9
Stu
de
nt
Ha
nd
ou
t 4
A.
Wh
at
do
es t
he
title
me
an
? _
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_.
B.
Lis
t th
e t
hre
e r
evo
lutio
ns m
en
tio
ne
d in
th
e b
ackg
rou
nd
essa
y.
1
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2
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3
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_
C.
Lis
t th
e f
ive
do
cu
me
nts
th
at
laid
th
e f
ou
nd
atio
n f
or
the
de
ve
lop
me
nt
of
de
mo
cra
cy a
nd
ye
ar
ea
ch
wa
s w
ritt
en
. 1
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4
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2
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5
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3
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__
D.
Pla
ce
th
e f
ive
do
cu
me
nts
on
th
e t
ime
line
in
ch
ron
olo
gic
al o
rde
r a
nd
exp
lain
th
eir
sig
nific
an
ce
in
th
e s
pa
ce
be
low
th
e
do
cu
me
nt.
10
1
Intentionally Left Blank
11
Document 2
“Giant steps for humanity!”
12
Directions: Analyze Document 2 and answer the questions that follow.
1. List the objects you see in the cartoon.
2. Explain the meaning of the cartoon’s title and caption.
3. Explain the overall message of the cartoon.
4. Imagine you are either standing in the swamp or on top of the staircase. Write three sentences describing your perspective from where you are standing.
Student Handout 5
13
Exce
rpts
E
xp
lan
atio
n (
In y
ou
r o
wn
wo
rds)
De
mo
cra
tic I
de
al
39
. N
o f
ree
ma
n s
ha
ll
be
ca
ptu
red
or
imp
ris
on
ed
or
…e
xile
d…
, e
xce
pt
by
the
la
wfu
l ju
dg
me
nt
of
his
pe
ers
or
by t
he
la
w o
f th
e l
an
d.
a
. R
ule
of
law
b.
Du
e p
roce
ss o
f la
w
c.
Co
nse
nt
of
the
go
ve
rne
d
d.
In
div
idu
al lib
ert
y
e.
Lim
ite
d g
ove
rnm
en
t
40
. T
o n
o o
ne
will
we
se
ll,
to n
o o
ne
de
ny o
r d
ela
y
rig
ht
or
justice
.
a
. R
ule
of
law
b.
Du
e p
roce
ss o
f la
w
c.
Co
nse
nt
of
the
go
ve
rne
d
d.
In
div
idu
al lib
ert
y
e.
Lim
ite
d g
ove
rnm
en
t
61
. T
he
ba
ron
s s
ha
ll e
lect
twe
nty
-fiv
e o
f th
eir
nu
mb
er,
a
nd
ca
use
to
be
ob
se
rve
d
with
all
the
ir m
igh
t, t
he
p
ea
ce
an
d lib
ert
ies g
ran
ted
a
nd
co
nfirm
ed
to
th
em
by
this
ch
art
er.
a
. R
ule
of
law
b.
Du
e p
roce
ss o
f la
w
c.
Co
nse
nt
of
the
go
ve
rne
d
d.
In
div
idu
al lib
ert
y
e.
Lim
ite
d g
ove
rnm
en
t
Do
cu
me
nt
3
Su
mm
ari
ze
: W
hy is t
he
do
cu
me
nt
sig
nific
an
t in
esta
blis
hin
g o
r e
xte
nd
ing
se
lf-g
ove
rnm
en
t a
nd
in
div
idu
al lib
ert
y?
Ma
gn
a C
art
a
14
Exce
rpts
E
xp
lan
atio
n (
In y
ou
r o
wn
wo
rds)
De
mo
cra
tic I
de
al
8.
Th
at
ele
ctio
n o
f m
em
be
rs o
f P
arl
iam
en
t o
ug
ht
to b
e f
ree
…
a
. R
ule
of
law
b.
Du
e p
roce
ss o
f la
w
c.
Co
nse
nt
of
the
go
ve
rne
d
d.
In
div
idu
al lib
ert
y
e.
Lim
ite
d g
ove
rnm
en
t
10
. T
ha
t e
xce
ssiv
e b
ail
ou
gh
t n
ot
to b
e r
eq
uir
ed
, n
or
exce
ssiv
e f
ine
s
imp
ose
d,
no
r cru
el a
nd
u
nu
su
al p
un
ish
me
nts
in
flic
ted
…
a
. R
ule
of
law
b.
Du
e p
roce
ss o
f la
w
c.
Co
nse
nt
of
the
go
ve
rne
d
d.
In
div
idu
al lib
ert
y
e.
Lim
ite
d g
ove
rnm
en
t
Do
cu
me
nt
4
Su
mm
ari
ze
: W
hy is t
he
do
cu
me
nt
sig
nific
an
t in
esta
blis
hin
g o
r e
xte
nd
ing
se
lf-g
ove
rnm
en
t a
nd
in
div
idu
al lib
ert
y?
En
glis
h B
ill o
f R
igh
ts
15
Exce
rpts
E
xp
lan
atio
n (
In y
ou
r o
wn
wo
rds)
De
mo
cra
tic I
de
al
We
ho
ld t
he
se
tru
ths t
o b
e
se
lf-e
vid
en
t, t
ha
t a
ll m
en
are
cre
ate
d e
qu
al, t
ha
t th
ey a
re
en
do
we
d (
giv
en
) b
y t
he
ir
Cre
ato
r, w
ith
ce
rta
in
un
alie
na
ble
(n
ot
to b
e t
ake
n
aw
ay)
rig
hts
, th
at
am
on
g
the
se
are
life
, lib
ert
y,
an
d
the
pu
rsu
it o
f h
ap
pin
ess.
a
. R
ule
of
law
b.
Du
e p
roce
ss o
f la
w
c.
Co
nse
nt
of
the
go
ve
rne
d
d.
In
div
idu
al lib
ert
y
e.
Lim
ite
d g
ove
rnm
en
t
Go
ve
rnm
en
ts a
re in
stitu
ted
a
mo
ng
me
n,
de
rivin
g t
he
ir
just
po
we
rs f
rom
th
e
co
nse
nt
of
the
go
ve
rne
d…
a
. R
ule
of
law
b.
Du
e p
roce
ss o
f la
w
c.
Co
nse
nt
of
the
go
ve
rne
d
d.
In
div
idu
al lib
ert
y
e.
Lim
ite
d g
ove
rnm
en
t
Do
cu
me
nt
5
Su
mm
ari
ze
: W
hy is t
he
do
cu
me
nt
sig
nific
an
t in
esta
blis
hin
g o
r e
xte
nd
ing
se
lf-g
ove
rnm
en
t a
nd
in
div
idu
al lib
ert
y?
De
cla
ratio
n o
f I n
de
pe
nd
en
ce
16
Exce
rpts
E
xp
lan
atio
n (
In y
ou
r o
wn
wo
rds)
De
mo
cra
tic I
de
al
9.
Th
e f
ree
co
mm
un
ica
tio
n
of
ide
as a
nd
op
inio
ns is o
ne
o
f th
e m
ost
[va
lua
ble
] o
f th
e
rig
hts
of
ma
n..
.
a
. R
ule
of
law
b.
Du
e p
roce
ss o
f la
w
c.
Co
nse
nt
of
the
go
ve
rne
d
d.
In
div
idu
al lib
ert
y
e.
Lim
ite
d g
ove
rnm
en
t
11
. A
s a
ll p
ers
on
s a
re h
eld
in
no
ce
nt
un
til th
ey s
ha
ll h
ave
be
en
de
cla
red
gu
ilty…
a
. R
ule
of
law
b.
Du
e p
roce
ss o
f la
w
c.
Co
nse
nt
of
the
go
ve
rne
d
d.
In
div
idu
al lib
ert
y
e.
Lim
ite
d g
ove
rnm
en
t
Do
cu
me
nt
6
Su
mm
ari
ze
: W
hy is t
he
do
cu
me
nt
sig
nific
an
t in
esta
blis
hin
g o
r e
xte
nd
ing
se
lf-g
ove
rnm
en
t a
nd
in
div
idu
al lib
ert
y?
De
cla
ratio
n o
f th
e R
igh
ts o
f M
an
an
d t
he
Citiz
en
17
Exce
rpts
E
xp
lan
atio
n (
In y
ou
r o
wn
wo
rds)
De
mo
cra
tic Id
ea
l I
: C
on
gre
ss s
ha
ll m
ake
n
o la
w r
esp
ectin
g a
n
esta
blis
hm
en
t o
f re
ligio
n,
or
pro
hib
itin
g t
he
fre
e
exe
rcis
e t
he
reo
f; o
r a
bri
dg
ing
(re
du
cin
g)
the
fr
ee
do
m o
f sp
ee
ch
, o
r o
f th
e p
ress;
or
the
rig
ht
of
the
pe
op
le p
ea
ce
ab
ly t
o
asse
mb
le…
a
. R
ule
of
law
b.
Du
e p
roce
ss o
f la
w
c.
Co
nse
nt
of
the
go
ve
rne
d
d.
In
div
idu
al lib
ert
y
e.
Lim
ite
d g
ove
rnm
en
t
VI:
In
all
cri
min
al
pro
se
cu
tio
ns,
the
a
ccu
se
d s
ha
ll e
njo
y
the
rig
ht
to a
sp
ee
dy
an
d p
ub
lic t
ria
l, b
y a
n
i mp
art
ial (f
air
or
just)
ju
ry o
f th
e s
tate
an
d
dis
tric
t w
he
rein
th
e
cri
me
sh
all
ha
ve
b
ee
n c
om
mitte
d…
a
. R
ule
of
law
b.
Du
e p
roce
ss o
f la
w
c.
Co
nse
nt
of
the
go
ve
rne
d
d.
In
div
idu
al lib
ert
y
e.
Lim
ite
d g
ove
rnm
en
t
Do
cu
me
nt
7
Su
mm
ari
ze
: W
hy is t
he
do
cu
me
nt
sig
nific
an
t in
esta
blis
hin
g o
r e
xte
nd
ing
se
lf-g
ove
rnm
en
t a
nd
in
div
idu
al lib
ert
y?
U.S
. B
ill o
f R
igh
ts
18
Stu
de
nt
Ha
nd
ou
t 6
D
ocu
me
nt
Co
mp
ari
so
n G
rap
hic
Org
an
ize
r
Dir
ectio
ns:
Co
mp
are
th
e M
ag
na
Ca
rta
with
tw
o o
f th
e d
ocu
me
nts
. I
nd
ica
te w
hic
h t
wo
do
cu
me
nts
yo
u a
re c
om
pa
rin
g b
y u
nd
erl
inin
g
the
m in
th
e h
ea
din
g.
An
sw
er
the
qu
estio
ns u
sin
g y
ou
r stu
de
nt
ha
nd
ou
ts a
nd
do
cu
me
nts
. O
nce
th
e c
ha
rt is c
om
ple
te,
ide
ntify
th
e
sim
ilari
tie
s b
etw
ee
n t
he
th
ree
do
cu
me
nts
by c
irclin
g c
om
mo
n o
r sim
ilar
ch
ara
cte
ristics.
Co
mp
ari
so
n Q
ue
stio
ns
M
ag
na
Ca
rta
En
glis
h B
ill o
f R
igh
ts
O
r U
S B
ill o
f R
igh
ts
De
cla
ratio
n o
f In
de
pe
nd
en
ce
Or
De
cla
ratio
n o
f th
e R
igh
ts
of
Ma
n a
nd
th
e C
itiz
en
W
he
n w
as it
cre
ate
d?
Wh
ere
wa
s it
cre
ate
d?
Wh
at
eve
nt
occu
rre
d p
rio
r to
th
e d
ocu
me
nt
be
ing
cre
ate
d?
Wh
at
de
mo
cra
tic id
ea
ls d
oe
s
the
do
cu
me
nt
gra
nt
to t
he
citiz
en
s?
Wh
y is t
he
do
cu
me
nt
sig
nific
an
t in
esta
blis
hin
g o
r e
xte
nd
ing
se
lf-g
ove
rnm
en
t a
nd
in
div
idu
al lib
ert
y?
19
