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1.16 Active Transport and Bulk Transport

1.16 Active Transport and Bulk Transport. Energy, Cells, and ATP ATP – adenosine triphosphate; a compound used as a source of energy in cells When ATP

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Page 1: 1.16 Active Transport and Bulk Transport. Energy, Cells, and ATP ATP – adenosine triphosphate; a compound used as a source of energy in cells When ATP

1.16 Active Transport and Bulk Transport

Page 2: 1.16 Active Transport and Bulk Transport. Energy, Cells, and ATP ATP – adenosine triphosphate; a compound used as a source of energy in cells When ATP

Energy, Cells, and ATP

• ATP – adenosine triphosphate; a compound used as a source of energy in cells

• When ATP releases a phosphate, energy is produced

Page 3: 1.16 Active Transport and Bulk Transport. Energy, Cells, and ATP ATP – adenosine triphosphate; a compound used as a source of energy in cells When ATP

Active Transport

• Active Transport – the movement of substances through a membrane against a concentration gradient using carrier proteins and ATP

• Against the concentration gradient means that it moves from an area of [low] to [high]

Page 4: 1.16 Active Transport and Bulk Transport. Energy, Cells, and ATP ATP – adenosine triphosphate; a compound used as a source of energy in cells When ATP

• Sodium-potassium pump – an active transport mechanism that pumps Na+ and K+ ions into and out of a cell– Without this pump, your nerve and muscle cells

won’t function properly– Pumps require ATP to operate

Page 5: 1.16 Active Transport and Bulk Transport. Energy, Cells, and ATP ATP – adenosine triphosphate; a compound used as a source of energy in cells When ATP
Page 6: 1.16 Active Transport and Bulk Transport. Energy, Cells, and ATP ATP – adenosine triphosphate; a compound used as a source of energy in cells When ATP

Bulk Transport• The movement of large quantities of materials

into or out of the cell

Page 7: 1.16 Active Transport and Bulk Transport. Energy, Cells, and ATP ATP – adenosine triphosphate; a compound used as a source of energy in cells When ATP

Endocytosis• Brings large amounts of material into the cell

from the extracellular fluid

Page 8: 1.16 Active Transport and Bulk Transport. Energy, Cells, and ATP ATP – adenosine triphosphate; a compound used as a source of energy in cells When ATP

• There are two forms of endocytosis:1. Phagocytosis – bulk transport of solids into the

cell– The cell membrane sends out finger-like projections

called pseudopods that surround and enclose the particle in a vesicle that is within the cell’s cytoplasm

– Such a vesicle is called a phagocytotic vesicle• Macrophages use this to engulf harmful bacteria

2. Pinocytosis – bulk transport of liquids into the cell– Pinocytotic vesicle – a vesicle that is formed when

cells engulf extracellular fluid by pinocytosis

Page 9: 1.16 Active Transport and Bulk Transport. Energy, Cells, and ATP ATP – adenosine triphosphate; a compound used as a source of energy in cells When ATP

Exocytosis• The movement of large amounts of material out

of a cell by secretory vesicles• Secretory vesicles – the membrane sac

containing substances that are transported out of a cell– The secretory vesicle fuses with the cell membrane

and spills its contents into the extracellular fluid– Proteins produced in the rough endoplasmic

reticulum are packaged into secretory vesicles by the Golgi apparatus and are transported out of the cell by exocytosis

Page 10: 1.16 Active Transport and Bulk Transport. Energy, Cells, and ATP ATP – adenosine triphosphate; a compound used as a source of energy in cells When ATP
Page 12: 1.16 Active Transport and Bulk Transport. Energy, Cells, and ATP ATP – adenosine triphosphate; a compound used as a source of energy in cells When ATP

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