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This presentation takes a more in-depth look at the complex issue of packaging. The first EPR program ever created were focused on managing and reducing packaging waste. These slides include brief information the problems of packaging and on how voluntary and mandatory programs are working in other jurisdictions.
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Product Stewardship: Tackling the Problem of Packaging Waste
Packaging is a problem we are all familiar with, and deal with on a daily basis.
The first EPR program established was created to manage packaging
•Packaging is largest component of household waste
•The US generated almost 80 million tons of packaging waste in 2006 up from 24 tons in 1960
First: Understanding the problem
• Packaging consumes energy in production and
transport and is often made with virgin materials
It is an environmental problem
Most packaging is only used briefly
Only some of this material is recycled or reused
• The rest is landfilled or
ends up as litter
• There is significant
potential for resource
recovery
Some packaging is difficult to recycle
Examples:
• Bottle caps
• Composite Materials
• Plastic films in mixed stream
recycling
Some packaging can be a public safety concern
example: BPA exposure for young children
The drivers of packaging waste
Amount of
material
# of packaged goods
controlled by:•Manufacturers
controlled by:• Economy• Consumption• Consumer preference
Totalpackaging wastex =
Lawmakers, environmentalists & major companies decided we needed
a new approach
So what is being done to address this problem?
1. manufacturers & retailers have established voluntary initiatives
2. Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) laws have been passed in Europe and Canada
Voluntary Initiatives
Packaging ScorecardEvaluates suppliers’
packaging in terms of the “7 R’s” of Packaging:
•Reduce
• Recycle
• Revenue
• Read
• Remove
• Reuse
• Renew
• Read
Goal: reduce all packaging of products sold in stores
by 5% by 2013
•would take 213,000 trucks off the road annually • saving 66.7 million gallons of diesel fuel
• Using less packaging
• Reusing packaging
Ways to reduce the environmental impact
Design changes
Resource recovery
• Reduced need for virgin materials• Reduced GHG
emissions
SourceReduction
• Environmentally preferable materialso Biodegradableo Recyclableo Free of harmful
substances
Doing more with less
From the company’s perspective:
“sales have exceeded expectations and now account for over 10% of all our milk sales - which demonstrates that customers really like the lower packaged version.”
One of the largest grocers in the UK recently introduced a milk jug that uses 75% less packaging (and reduces costs)
Saving 900 tones of virgin packaging
From a life cycle perspective: Less is not always better
Focusing simply on reducing the amount of packaging may
actually cause more environmental impact due to wasted or
lost goods
Myth of the loose fruit
• one UK study has shown that that loosely packed fruit can actually be more wasteful that packaged fruit due to loss of goods along the supply chain
We also need to focus on using better materials
• free of harmful chemicals
• reusable
• made from recycled and post-consumer materials
• biodegradable
• or recyclable
The sustainable packaging market is expected to double in size from $88 billion (2009) to $170 billion in 2014 (Growing faster than the general packaging market)
Another approach: Extended Producer Responsibility in Europe
• Passed in 1994
• Has increased collection rates well beyond those in the US
• Requires industry to finance the collection, transportation, & recycling of packaging they place on the market
European Packaging Directive:
EU Packaging Directive applies to:& TransitPackaging
Primary Packaging
Secondary Packaging
contains final goodsused to deliver goods from the manufacturer to the retailer
used to ship raw materials & goods
EPR in CanadaOntario: Blue Box Program
• Curbside collection of all packaging and printed materials
• Moving from a cost-sharing system (50/50 local authorities & industry) to
100% producer responsibility
traditional regulation
• Government dictated
• Government run
• taxes environmental externalities
• costs borne by taxpayers
Product Stewardship: a market-based solution
producer responsibility • Allows flexibility to determine the most efficient solutions
• Industry run
• Internalizes externalities
• management costs shifted to the marketplace
•.
What’s Next? Extended Producer Responsibility
for packaging in the US?