16.1- The War BeginsDanielle Ardizzone

Karoline Blacha Samantha Henry

Julie LaLondeMargaret Yahiro

Americans Choose SidesFollowing the outbreak of war at Fort Sumter, Americans chose sidesDanielle Ardizzone

Abraham Lincoln • As Abraham Lincoln took office, 7 southern

states succeeded• In Lincoln’s inaugural address, he promised

not to end slavery where it already existed• “The federal government will not assail

you. You can have no conflict without being yourselves the aggressors.”- Abraham Lincoln

• Lincoln believed that saving the Union would help to save democracy• He refused to identify secession• Declared the Union to be continuous• He felt it was his sacred duty as President of

the United States to preserve the Union at all costs.

Danielle Ardizzone

The North and South • Union• Badly broken • Hadn’t kept up with

compromises• Wanted slavery to end without

battle• South• Wanted battle• Enraged at the North• Wanted to receive glory for

power of slavery• Confederate officials began

seizing federal-mint branches, arsenals, and military posts.

Danielle Ardizzone

http://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/american-civil-war-history/videos/us-inches-closer-to-war

Danielle Ardizzone

Fort Sumter Danielle• Federal outpost in Charleston, South Carolina• Confederate forces asked for its surrender.• Lincoln refused and sent

ships with supplies.• Confederate cannons began firing on April 12, 1861. • Fort Sumter fell 34 hours later.

Danielle Ardizzone

Danielle Ardizzone

Reaction to Lincoln’s Call Samantha Henry

• Lincoln declared south was in rebellion • Asked governors for 75000 militiamen • States had to chose if they were to secede or stay in the union

• North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, and Arkansas seceded• These states provided soldiers and supplies to the south

• Wedged between the north and the south were the key border states of Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, Missouri – slave states did not join the confederacy• People in these states were divided on the war

• Lincoln sent soldiers into west Virginia, where union loyalties were strong. West Virginia set up its own state government in 1863

Northern Resources

Advantages• Population of 22 million• Network of railroads, canals, and roads• Some 22,000 miles of railroad track • Had lots of money for supplies• More developed economy, banking system, and currency• Strategy—General Winfield Scott planned to blockade southern

ports and to capture Mississippi River to divide the South.• Confederacy had only one-ninth the industrial capacity of the

UnionKaroline B.

Southern Resources •The Confederacy also has many advantages •Strong military

•Provided food and supplies for army •Cotton growth and sell helped South supply weapons and other necessities

Julie

Southern Advantages •South’s best advantage was its strategy •Knew that they needed to fight until North stopped fighting

•Covered in wilderness •Other armies found this hard to fight in

•Many of rivers ran from east to west•Natural defense

Julie

Karoline B.

Volunteer Armies Samantha Henry

• At start of War the Union army had 16000 soldiers • That number went up to half a million within months

• Virginian Thomas Weber came to fight “against invading foe who now pollute the sacred soil of my beloved native state” • When Union soldiers asked a captured rebel why he was fighting he replied

“I’m fighting because you’re down here”

Helping the Troops

• Civilians helped those in uniform.oRaised money, ran hospitals, served as nurses, sent

supplies to troops.oWomen sewed the uniforms.

• Dr. Elizabeth Blackwell organized a group pressuring Lincoln to form the U.S. Sanitary Commission in June 1861.oWas ran by clergyman Henry Bellows.oTens of thousands of volunteers helped .oThree thousand women served as nurses.

Karoline B.

Karoline B.

Union and Confederate Soldiers•Soldiers carried food, extra ammunition, & other items in haversacks•Soldiers armed w/ a bayonet•Stored in scabbards on their belts

•Soldiers also armed w/ single-shot muzzle-loading rifle

Margaret Yahiro

Margaret Yahiro

Training the Soldiers• Union & Confederate armies shortages of clothing, food, & rifles• Most troops lacked uniform wore own clothes• Union- blue uniforms• Confederate- gray• Many did not know how to fight learned to march, shoot, & use

bayonets• Including school teachers, farmers, and labors

• Young soldiers eager to fight• Success/failure of a war depended on how well soldiers were trained

Margaret Yahiro

Training the Soldiers Cont.• Volunteers were expected load, aim, & fire rifles 3x in 1 min.• Union provided soldiers w/ two-person tents• Soldiers discarded these• Confederate army used tents they captured from Union army

Margaret Yahiro

Bibliographyhttp://www.civilwar.org/education/history/biographies/abraham-lincoln.html

http://bottomlesswit.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/lincoln_portrait.jpeg

http://www.civilwarinart.org/exhibits/show/causes/introduction/the-election-of-1860-and-seces

http://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/fort-sumter-the-civil-war-begins-1018791/?no-ist

http://www.sonofthesouth.net/leefoundation/sumter/ft-sumter-6_Picture1.jpg

Danielle Ardizzone

Bibliography• http://www.ushistory.org/us/33b.asp• “United States History Beginnings to 1877”• http://www.volokh.com/posts/chain_1240849478.shtml (picture)

Karoline Blacha