Upload
gabriel-barnett
View
225
Download
0
Tags:
Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
18.2 The Spanish-American War (1898)
IDENTIFY: The causes and key events of the war
UNDERSTAND: How the US acquired Spanish colonies.
WHAT WERE THE CAUSES OF THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR?• Jose Martí leading fight for Cuban independence
from Spain
• Spanish General Valeriano Weyler cracks down on Cuba, creates “concentration camps,” thousands die of hunger & disease
• De Lome Letter: criticizes Pres. McKinley
• The explosion of the USS Maine Feb. 15, 1898
• Hearst and Pulitzer’s US papers fuel war fever with yellow journalism (Remington images)– “You give me the pictures I’ll give you the war”
USS Maine before…
http://www.history.navy.mil/photos/images/h46000/h46774.jpg
…USS Maine after
Why did McKinley call for war with Spain?
• Popular
• Business interests
• Spanish “despotism”
• Yellow Press/jingoism
Maine Incident
Timeline of Spanish-American WarFebruary 15, 1898
April 20, 1898
May 1, 1898
July 25, 1898
August 12, 1898
February 6, 1899
Timeline of Spanish-American WarFebruary 15, 1898Battleship Maine mysteriously explodes and sinks near the Cuban coast, 260 Americans die
April 20, 1898United States goes to war with Spain
May 1, 1898Admiral Dewey steams into Manila Bay and destroys Spanish fleet
July 25, 1898United States troops invade Puerto Rico
August 12, 1898United States and Spain sign armistice (cease fire)
February 6, 1899Senate passes Treaty of Paris
Spanish-American War
Q: Who had the advantage at the beginning of the war?
A: Spain had more soldiers and a bigger navy
Q: How did the Philippines become involved?
A: UNDER-Secretary Teddy Roosevelt ordered Commodore George Dewey to attack Manila
Who are the Rough Riders?
regiment of American volunteers , including cowboys, polo players, ex-convicts, college athletes…and Teddy Roosevelt
Why are they historically significant?
http://www.etsu.edu/cas/history/resources/Private/Faculty/Fac_From1877ChapterDoc/ChapterImages/Ch19RooseveltandtheRough%20Riders.jpg
“Rough Riders” http://www.loc.gov/rr/hispanic/1898/img/grprord.jpg
Charge of San Juan HillHistorical Significance: Establishes reputation of TR and the United States as a world power.
Painting by Frederic Remington
Who is missing from this picture?
Buffalo Soldiers
OUTCOMES p. 534
• 379 US combat deaths, 5000+ deaths from disease
• Treaty of Paris of 1898:-Cuba “freed” (Platt Amendment)-Guam and Puerto Rico are US possessions-Philippines purchased for $20 million then annexed to US
• Increase in American prestige abroad
What were the arguments against expanding America’s empire?
• Violate our own fundamental beliefs
• Competition for American labor
18.3: Acquiring New Lands
OBJECTIVE: Understand how US imperialism developed and how the US acquired Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines
The US in Puerto Rico• Luis Munoz Rivera (La Democrazia)
– Had gained limited self rule from Spain in 1897 – US government makes no promises about their
future during the war with Spain– No real agreement as to what they wanted
• Independence?
• Statehood?
• Combination of both?
The Foraker Act: set terms of relationship. No citizenship and the US President could appoint governor
Cuba Becomes a Protectorate• The Teller Amendment: no intent to annex
or control Cuba• The Platt Amendment: Us insists that it be
added to their new Constitution– No treaties that might limit Cuban Independence– The US can intervene to maintain order– Cuba can not go into debt– The US can buy or lease land in Cuba for naval
and coaling stations
PROTECTORATE? Why?
“And one night it came to me this way-I don’t know how it was, but it came: (1) that we could not give them back to Spain – that would be cowardly and dishonorable; (2) that we could not turn them over to France or Germany-our commercial rivals in the Orient that would be bad business and discreditable; (3) that we could not leave them to themselves – the were unfit for self-government and they would soon have anarchy and misrule over there worse than Spain’s was; and (4) that there was nothing left for us to do but to take them all, and to educate they Filipinos, and uplift and civilize and Christianize them, and by God’s grace do the very best we could by them, as our fellowmen for whom Christ also died. And then I went to bed, and went to sleep and slept soundly.”
-President McKinley; reflecting on what to do with the Philippines after the Spanish American war.
MOTIVATING IDEAS OF IMPERIALISM
ALTRUISM
COMMERCE
RACIAL SUPERIORITY
NATIONAL HONOR
The Philippine revolt• Emilio Aguinaldo: proclaims independence
in January 1899 by February armed revolt had begun– US “concentration” camps– 70,000 US soldiers many “buffalo” soldiers
• Problem?
Results and aftermath• 3 years 20,000 rebels and 4,000 American
lives lost
• 400 Million dollars (20x the price paid)
• Same government as Puerto Rico– Taft governor of Island for 3 years
– POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE?
China and the open door• Philippines were a gateway to China
HOWEVER European powers had already carved China into Spheres of Influence
• US Secretary of State John Hay issues a series of statements called the OPEN DOOR NOTES– open access to china’s coastal ports– Eliminate special priveliges for any trading
nation– Maintain China’s Independence