186569914 Gramatika Engleskog Jezika

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IELTS Grammar: 'most' or 'most of'?

Should you write "most people", "most of people" or "most of the people"?

Answer:

1. Don't write "most of people".2. "Most of the people" is correct when you are talking about a specific group of people e.g. most of the people in my

department.

3. For IELTS writing and speaking "most people" is the best phrase.Here are some examples for IELTS Writing:

English is taught in most countries. (most of countries) Most people agree that the ability to speak English is a useful skill. Most products are made in factories rather than by hand. Crime is on the increase in most major cities.

Below are some of the most common English mistakes made by ESL students, in speech and in writing. Go through the

examples and make sure you understand the corrections. Then try the grammar test at the end to check your progress.

Wrong I have visited Niagara Falls last weekend.

Right I visited Niagara Falls last weekend.

Wrong The woman which works here is from Japan.

Right The woman who works here is from Japan.

Wrong Shes married with a dentist.

Right Shes married to a dentist.

Wrong She was boring in the class.

Right She was bored in the class.

Wrong I must to call him immediately.

Right I must call him immediately.

Wrong Every students like the teacher.

Right Every student likes the teacher.

Wrong Although it was raining, but we had the picnic.

Right Although it was raining, we had the picnic.

Wrong I enjoyed from the movie.

Right I enjoyed the movie.

Wrong I look forward to meet you.

Right I look forward to meeting you.

Wrong I like very much ice cream.

Right I like ice cream very much.

Wrong She can to drive.

Right She can drive.

Wrong

Where I can find a bank?

Right Where can I find a bank?

Wrong

I live in United States.

Right

I live in the United States.

WrongWhen I will arrive, I will call you.

Right

When I arrive, I will call you.

Wrong

Ive been here since three months.

Right

Ive been here for three months.

Wrong

My boyfriend has got a new work.

Right

My boyfriend has got a new job. (or just "has a new job")

Wrong

She doesnt listen me.

Right

She doesnt listen to me.

Wrong

You speak English good.

Right

You speak English well.

Wrong

The police is coming.

Right


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The police are coming.

Wrong

The house isnt enough big.

Right

The house isnt big enough.

Wrong

You should not to smoke.

Right

You should not smoke.

Wrong

Do you like a glass of wine?

Right

Would you like a glass of wine?

Wrong

There is seven girls in the class.

Right

There are seven girls in the class.

Wrong

I didnt meet nobody.

Right

I didnt meet anybody.

Wrong

My flight departs in 5:00 am.

Right

My flight departs at 5:00 am.

IELTS Grammar: find the mistakes

Find the mistakes in the following sentences. All of the sentences relate to the graph inthis lesson.

1. Families who do not have cars have decreased from 1971 to 2007.2. Households without a car percentage gradually decreased.3. There is a rise can be noted in the proportion of households with two cars.4. The number of household with no car were well below 50% in 1971.5. There were least percentage of household who had three or more cars, but it steadily improved to 5% by 2007.

CORRECT ANSWERS FROM SIMON:

MISTAKES:

1. There are 2 problems:- families didn't decrease, the NUMBER of families decreased- the time is past, so don'tuse present perfect "have decreased", use past simple "decreased"2. You can't say "Households without a car percentage"

3. The problem is the 2 verbs in "there is" and "can be noted"

4. Several problems:- "the number were" (number is singular, and it's really a percentage rather than a number)-"well below" means "a lot below" - this is not true in the graph

5. Several problems:- "There were least percentage of household" is not good English.- "improved" is the wrongword to use - an increase isn't always an improvement (e.g. an increase in pollution is not an improvement)

CORRECT SENTENCES:

1. The proportion of families without a car decreased between 1971 and 2007.

2. The percentage of households without a car decreased gradually.3. There was a rise in the proportion of households with two cars. OR: A rise can be noted in the proportion of...

4. The proportion of households with no car was just under 50% in 1971.

5. In 1971, only a small percentage of households had three or more cars, but the figure rose steadily to about 7% b2007.

Americans use the present perfect tense less than speakers of British English and a British teacher might mark wrong some

things that an American teacher would say are correct.
http://ielts-simon.com/ielts-help-and-english-pr/2012/02/ielts-writing-task-1-line-graph-exercise.htmlhttp://ielts-simon.com/ielts-help-and-english-pr/2012/02/ielts-writing-task-1-line-graph-exercise.htmlhttp://ielts-simon.com/ielts-help-and-english-pr/2012/02/ielts-writing-task-1-line-graph-exercise.htmlhttp://ielts-simon.com/ielts-help-and-english-pr/2012/02/ielts-writing-task-1-line-graph-exercise.html


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US Did you do your homework yet?

Brit. Have you done your homework yet?

US I already ate.

Brit. Ive already eaten.

In British English, have got is often used for the possessive sense of have and have got to is informally used for have to

This is much less common in American English.

Brit. Ive got two sisters.

US I have two sisters.

Brit. Ive got to go now.

US I have to go now.

There are a number of other minor grammatical differences.

Vocabulary

There are a lot of examples of different words being used in British and American English. Here are a few of the commones

angry (Brit.) = mad (US)

autumn = fall

boot (of a car) = trunk

chemists = drug store

cupboard = closet

flat = apartment

lift = elevator

nappy = diaper

pavement = sidewalk

petrol = gas/gasoline

rubbish = trash

tap = faucet

trousers = pants

There are British words which many Americans will not understand and vice versa. There are also words which exist in both

British and American English but have very different meanings.


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Present Perfect

Over the last twenty years, the average size of households has fallen dramatically.

This is a present perfect verb. It is used here to describe a continuing trend. The average size of households began to fall

twenty years ago and has continued to fall.

The number of one person households has grown,

This is a present perfect verb. It is used here to describe a continuing trend. The number of one-person households began grow twenty years ago and has continued to grow.

due largely to the ageing of the population, as has

This is part of a present perfect verb. In this sentence, 'as has' is a brief way of saying: and the number of one-parent

families has grown too.

the number of one parent families. Couples having smaller families have also contributed

Have contributed is a present perfect verb. It describes a contribution to the fall in household size (couples having smaller

families), which began in the past and is continuing. Note the position of 'also', which is not part of the verb.

to the fall in household size.

In 1976, 60% of families were couples with children. By 1996, this had fallen to 51%. Part of this change can be attributed t

the increase in one parent families with dependent children, but most of the change is due to the increase in the proportio

of couple-only families. People are now having children later in life, and are living longer. Therefore, they are spending mo

time living in couple-only families, both before they have families and after their children have left home.

This is a present perfect verb. It is used here to describe a completed activity (their children left home) which has an impac

on the present (the parents live in a couple-only family).

However, children are leaving home later. In 1981, 34% of children aged 20-24 lived with their parents. By 1991, this had

increased to 40%. This increase has to some extent countered

Has countered is a present perfect verb. It is used here to describe the current effect of the 1981-1991 increase in

percentage of children living with their parents: it has to some extent countered the fall...

Note the position of to some extent, which is not part of the verb.

, the fall in the couples with non-dependent children only.

Past Perfect

Over the last twenty years, the average size of households has fallen dramatically. The number of one person households h

grown , due largely to the ageing of the population, as has the number of one parent families. Couples having smaller

families have also contributed to the fall in household size.

In 1976, 60% of families were couples with children. By 1996, this had fallen

This is a past perfect verb. It describes an activity which was completed by 1996. The past perfect may be used to describe

the earlier of two points in the past. The year 1996 is in the past. The time before and up to 1996 is in the earlierpast.


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to 51%. Part of this change can be attributed to the increase in one parent families with dependent children, but most of t

change is due to the increase in the proportion of couple-only families. People are now having children later in life, and are

living longer. Therefore, they are spending more time living in couple-only families, both before they have families and afte

their children have left home.

However, children are leaving home later. In 1981, 34% of children aged 20-24 lived with their parents. By 1991, this had

increased

This is a past perfect verb. It describes an activity which was completed by 1991. The past perfect may be used to describe

the earlierof two points in the past. The year 1991 is in the past. The time before and up to 1991 is in the earlier past.

to 40%. This increase has to some extent countered, the fall in the couples with non-dependent children only.


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The Internet - Thecan mean the only one, and is used to indicate that something is unique. Another example is the World

Wide Web.

The worlds - Theis used with things known to everyone. Other examples are the sun, the sky, the moon.

The future - The is used with time expressions. Other examples are: the present, the past, the 1990s.

Computers - There is no definite article here because the writer is describing computers in general rather than one particu

computer or the computer as an invention

Note:

Other general plural nouns in this passage are highlighted in pink: TV signals, video signals, fax machines, messages,

children

The computer - The is often used in science and technology with widely known inventions. Other examples are: the

microchip and the telescope.

The time taken - This is a shorter way of writing the time which is taken. The noun takes the definite article because we are

told which/what time?


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The problem - There are unstated words which make the noun definite. The problem could mean: the problem which we

must addressor the problem with regard to the Internet.

The computer industry - This describes a particular type of industry.

The user's ID and age - are unstated words here which make the noun definite. The usercould mean: the user of the

Internet.

The problems - The noun takes the definite article because we are told what/which problems. The answer is: the problems

we have yet to consider.


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TO GET

TO GET + direct object = to obtain, to receive, to buy:

To obtain

Examples

She got her driving license last week.

They got permission to live in Switzerland.

To receive

Examples

I got a letter from my friend in Nigeria.

He gets $1,000 a year from his father.

To buy

Examples

She got a new coat from Zappaloni in Rome.

We got a new television for the sitting room.

TO GET + place expression = reach, arrive at a place:

Examples

We got to London around 6 p.m.

What time will we get there?

When did you get back from New York?

TO GET + adjective = to become, show a change of state:

Examples

It's getting hotter.

By the time they reached the house they were getting hungry.

I'm getting tired of all this nonsense.

My mother's getting old and needs looking after.

It gets dark very early in the winter.

More examples for you.

He got on his bicycle and rode down the street.

He gets up at 6.00 a.m. every morning.

She got out of the washing-up every day, even when it was her turn.

We got off the train just before the bomb exploded.

We've got through all the sugar - can you buy some more?

The children are very quiet - I wonder what they're getting up to.

TO GET + preposition / adverb is used in many phrasal verbs. Here are some of the most common ones:

Examples

Phrasal Verb

Meaning

get at

try to express

get away with

escape punishment for a crime or bad action

get by


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manage (financially)

get down

descend; depress

get off

leave a form of transport

(train, bus, bicycle, plane)

get on

enter/sit on a form of transport

(train, bus, bicycle, plane);

have a relationship with someone;

manage

get out of

avoid doing something, especially a duty

get over

recover (from an illness, a surprise)

get through

use or finish the supply of something

get up

leave your bed

get up to

do - usually something bad

When to use Also

Also is used to add extra information to a sentence.

Examples of when to use Also

I love drinking Italian wine but I also so Spanish wine.

I hate going to Science class. I also hate Geography class.

Also is also used after the verb to beand is used before singular verbs.

I am also feeling very tired.

I was also born in 1984!

I also love riding bikes!

She also lives in this neighbourhood!

Also is also used with modal verbs

I can also run very fast.

I should also start studying for my English exam.

When to use Too

Too is basically used in the same way as Also.

Ben can speak English and Jordi speaks English too. = Ben can speak English and Jordi also speaks English!I like eating ice-cream, I like eating cake too! = I like eating ice-cream, I also like eating cake!


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Remember: We use Too at the end of a sentence.

I am hungry too.

I am studying English too.

Too can also be used to express and excess

I have eaten too much food! I feel ill!

I am too tired to do my English homework!

He is too tall to fit in the car!

I am too old to run!

The differences between through &across.

Both describe transitions, but "across" is related to traversal, "through" is related to penetration, going into something.

Using across and through is similar to the difference between on and in.

I am walking across the desert. ( I am on the desert ).

I am driving through the tunnel. ( I am in the tunnel ).

Her are some examples:

1. Yesterday it was so warm. We walked with our dogs through the garden.

2. It's the second time we have flown across the Atlantic.3. I saw your sister walking across the street. She was all alone.

4. I suppose the burglars got in through an open window.

5. This man swam across the Atlantic in 1930.

6. Don't go through the forest when you are alone.

7. He was watching her through the bedroom window.

8. He probably swam across the river in a few minutes.

9. I've lost my keys. I'll have to climb in through the window.

10. I saw this terrible accident when I was driving through the tunnel.

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186569914 Gramatika Engleskog Jezika