Upload
lobo
View
25
Download
1
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
wirefree. PV. PV-wirefree versus conventional PV-systems: detailed analysis of difference in energy yield between series and parallel connected PV-modules. Henk Oldenkamp OKE-Services, The Netherlands 8 June 2004 Web: www.pv-wirefree.com. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Citation preview
PV-wirefree versus conventional PV-systems:detailed analysis of difference in energy yield between series and parallel connected PV-modules
19th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition
Henk OldenkampOKE-Services, The Netherlands8 June 2004
Web: www.pv-wirefree.com
Overview presentation
• Definitions• What is PV-wirefree?• PV-wirefree claims …• Focus of this presentation• Test setup• Explanation of the graphs• Measurement results• Conclusions• Finally
Definitions
• PV-string: series connection of PV-modules of which all cells are connected in series
Duality of a PV-string is:• PV-shunt: parallel connection of PV-modules
of which all cells are connected in parallel
But all cells of a PV-module connected in parallel is not practical due to high currents and its associated losses
Definitions
• PV-string: series connection of PV-modules of which all cells are connected in series
• PV-shunt: parallel connection of PV-modules of which all cells are connected in series
What is PV-wirefree?PV-wirefree = PV-shunt(s)
• Large numbers of PV-laminates connected in parallel using a current carrying mounting frame (= mounting bus)
• Each group of PV-laminates connected to one set of mounting busses has its own inverter, and is called a subsystem
What is PV-wirefree?PV-wirefree = PV-shunt(s)
• Large numbers of PV-laminates connected in parallel using a current carrying mounting frame (= mounting bus)
• Each group of PV-laminates connected to one set of mounting busses has its own inverter, and is called a subsystem
What is PV-wirefree?PV-wirefree = PV-shunt(s)
• Large numbers of PV-laminates connected in parallel using a current carrying mounting frame (= mounting bus)
• Each group of PV-laminates connected to one set of mounting busses has its own inverter, and is called a subsystem
PV-wirefree claims
• Increase of annual energy yield especially in suboptimal conditions
• Considerable decrease of costs
Focus of this presentation
• This presentation proves the first claim: a significant increase of annual energy yield
How?
• By measuring the full P versus V curves of nine PV-modules continuously switched between shunt and string under varying shading conditions, excluding any other influences on the array power
Test setup
Every minute the lower 9 pv-modules are connected in shunt and in string, and a photo is taken. A 1000 points power versus voltage sweep takes 7 seconds
Explanation of the graphs
Red line = average shunt power per module versus shunt voltage
Purple line = irradiation during the 7 seconds sweep time
Explanation of the graphs
Red dot marks maximum power point of the shunt
Explanation of the graphs
Blue line = average string power per module versus average module voltageGreen line = irradiation during the 7 seconds sweep
Explanation of the graphs
Blue dot marks maximum power point of the average string module
Explanation of the graphs
Black dot marks maximum power point of the string when loaded at 81.5% of Voc (expected MPP)
Measurement resultsDefinition of three types
• Very lightly shaded: the shade covers roughly the area of one cell
• Lightly shaded: the shade covers several cells
• Moderately shaded: the shade covers several modules
Measurement resultsVery lightly shaded
P shunt/string = 0.3% P shunt/string at V=81.5% Voc = 0,4%
Measurement resultsVery lightly shaded
P shunt/string = 4.9% P shunt/string at V=81.5% Voc = 9.6%
Measurement resultsVery lightly shaded
P shunt/string = 2.4% P shunt/string at V=81.5% Voc = 8.7%
ResultsVery lightly shaded
• Minimum gain: 2-5%• Expected gain in practice: 5-25%
Measurement resultsLightly shaded
P shunt/string = 1.5% P shunt/string at V=81.5% Voc = 2.0%
Measurement resultsLightly shaded
P shunt/string = 10.8% P shunt/string at V=81.5% Voc = 12.0%
Measurement resultsLightly shaded
P shunt/string = 10.6% P shunt/string at V=81.5% Voc = 27.0%
ResultsLightly shaded
• Minimum gain: 10-20%• Expected gain in practice: 10-40%
Measurement resultsModerately shaded
P shunt/string = 3.8% P shunt/string at V=81.5% Voc = 53.9%
Measurement resultsModerately shaded
P shunt/string = 0.4% P shunt/string at V=81.5% Voc = 226.6%
Measurement resultsModerately shaded
P shunt/string = 23.9% P shunt/string at V=81.5% Voc = 176.0%
Measurement resultsModerately shaded
P shunt/string = 49.6% P shunt/string at V=81.5% Voc = 174.2%
ResultsModerately shaded
• Minimum gain: 0-50%• Expected gain in practice: 30-400%
Conclusions: measurement resultsOverview shading effects
Condition Very lightly shaded
Lightly shaded
Moderately shaded
MPP range shunt[% of Voc]
80 – 82 80 – 83 82 - 84
MPP range string[% of Voc]
75 - 87 67 – 85 46 - 76
Shunt power gain minimum [%]
2 - 5 10 - 20 0 - 50
Shunt power gain practical [%]
5 - 25 10 - 40 30 - 400
ConclusionsShunts always perform better
Since:• The MPP voltage nearly constant• And simple and efficient MPP tracking
possible
Additional advantages of shunts • Inverters can have significantly narrower
input voltage windows, which will reduce costs and/or increase efficiency of inverters
• MPP tracking efficiency will always be significantly better
• More information available at– Stand T22– www.pv-wirefree.com
• Partners PV-wirefree– Bear, ECN, OKE, OJA, Oskomera. TNO– Connector: Multi-Contact,
• Acknowledgements– Nico van der Borg, ECN
Finally: shunts = PV-wirefree