1960 - 1975

1945 1991The Cold WarDifference in IdeologiesCapitalismCommunismProperty OwnershipSocial ObjectivesEconomic ObjectivePolitical System Truman vs. EisenhowerMarshall PlanTruman DoctrineBerlin AirliftNATONSC #68Korean WarMutual security agreements.Massive retaliation.M. A. D.Domino TheoryCIA & covert operationsEisenhower Doctrine$ Diplomacy Part IIContainment[George Kennan]Brinksmanship[John Foster Dulles]Foreign Policy Hot Spots1955 Warsaw Pact created.1956 Hungarian Revolution.1958 Berlin Crisis.1959 Nixon-Khrushchev Kitchen Debate.1960 U-2 Spy IncidentEUROPE:Foreign Policy Hot Spots1953 CIA sponsored coup in IranP. M. Mohammed Mossadegh nationalization of the Anglo-Iranian Oil Co.1956 Suez Crisis.1958 Civil War in LebanonMiddle East:Foreign Policy Hot Spots1948 O. A. S. [Organization of American States] was created during Trumans administration.1954 CIA covert ops. in Guatemala.1950s Puerto Rican independence movement.1959 Castros Communist Revolution in Cuba.1961 Bay of Pigs invasionLatin America:Foreign Policy Hot Spots1953 end of the Korean War.1954 French depart Indo-China.Geneva Accords1964 China explodes its first atomic bomb [during LBJs administration].Far East:The Cold War beginsUSSR and other Communist ally states oppose the USA and endure conflicts across the globe.The JFK AssassinationNovember 22, 1963 JFK is assassinatedLyndon Johnson takes over as President

Leading Causes of the Korean WarStalin encouraged the spread of communism as long as it did not result in a war with America. He soon realized that nuclear war might be a possibility and wanted to avoid that and beat the USA using more indirect means. The Creation of Eastern Bloc occurred at the end of WWII as most of Europe was divided into democratic or Communist spheresThe Domino Effect - Truman believed that if Korea fell to communism, Japan (a major trading partner) would follow. The Truman Doctrine stated that the USA would lend aid to any country not wishing to be suppressed by the political ideals (communism) of any other country. The Marshall Plan (officially the European Recovery Program, ERP) was the large-scale American program to aid Europe where the United States gave monetary support to help rebuild European economies after the end of World War II in order to prevent the spread of Soviet communismApril 1950 the American National Security Council issued a report recommending direct involvement (a proxy war) against communism. Stalin saw that the Korean War Was a chance for a war by proxy. Kim II Sung visited Stalin to persuade him that he could conquer South Korea. 10

This map is from an American magazine from 1950. This shows how much the US feared communism in the far east.11United NationsThe United Nations now had to formulate a plan. Sixteen member states would provide troops under a United Nations Joint Command. It would fight with the South Korean army.

This United Nations force was dominated by America even to the extent of being commanded by an American general Douglas MacArthur

On September 15th 1950, United Nations troops landed at Inchon. The landing was a huge success and the United Nations effectively cut the North Korean army in half and pushed them out of South Korea.Note: MacArthur was later fired by Truman for getting the Chinese involved in the war.

Korean War[1950-1953]

Syngman Rhee

Kim Il-SungDomino TheorySoviet UnionSoviets sold Chinese military equipment, including artillery and MIG fighter planes.

The USSR also provided advisers and military hardware to the North Koreans.

Soviet pilots flew MIGs against US planes.

However, Stalin was unwilling to become involved with the United States in a war over Korea.

United StatesThe US provided the majority of the UN military forces which drove the North Koreans out of South Korea and still stand guard along the border. The USmoved their troops into South Korea quickly.

The US and the Soviets agreed to divide Korea temporarily to avoid long term decisions regarding Korea's future.

Although the United States took the lead in the Korean action, it did so under the order of the United Nations.

ResultsThere was an armistice signed by North Korea, China, and the UN but not by South Korea.The armistice was NOT a peace treaty, just a temporary cessation of hostilities.

16Modern KoreaKorea is still split up into North Korea (communist) and South Korea (non-communist)The border between the two countries has remained one of the most heavily-armed stretches of land on Earth

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Winners? Losers? After three years, July 27, 1953- ceasefire stopped the fightingAlthough there was no declared winner, South Korea never succumbed to a communist rule.19The Cold War at Home - HUACThe Red Scare allowed for many people in America to be suspected of being communists.Joseph McCarthy pun many Americans on trial under suspicion of being communists.Many called this a witch hunt, similar to the events of the Salem witch hunt.