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HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD. All rights reserved Content General Introduction of WCDMA WCDMA Key Techs HSDPA Introduction HSUPA Introduction HSPA+ Introduction

1.WCDMA Basic Principle Introduction

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Content

General Introduction of WCDMA

WCDMA Key Techs

HSDPA Introduction

HSUPA Introduction

HSPA+ Introduction

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Mobile Communication Development

AMPS

TACS

NMT

Others

1G 1980sAnalog

GSM

CDMA IS-95

TDMAIS-136

PDC

2G 1990sDigital

Technologies drive

3G IMT-2000

UMTSWCDMA

CDMA2000

Demands drive

TD-SCDMA

3G provides compositive services for both operators and subscribers

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WCDMA Standard Evolution

3GPP Rel993GPP Rel4

3GPP Rel5

1999 2006

DL/UL: 384k/384k

3GPP Rel6

2008

3GPP Rel7

3GPP Rel8

2004 2005 2007

DL/UL: 384k/384k

DL/UL: 14.4M/384kDL/UL: 14.4M/384k

DL/UL: 14.4M/5.76M

DL/UL: 42M/11M

DL/UL: 80M/11M

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WCDMA Network Architecture

RNC

RNC

NodeB

NodeB

NodeB

CS

PS

UE UTRAN CNUu Iu

Iu-CS

Iu-PS

Iur

Iub

Iub

Iub

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3G

Internet•E-Mail•WWW•FTP•Electronic business

Telecom Service•Voice•Mobility and Ramble•Message

Information Service

•VOD•VP•TV & Radio•Media Service

Multi-service Blended

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Service classified

Service classified by QoS

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Content General Introduction of WCDMA

WCDMA Key Techs Physical layer

Coding and Multiplexing

Spreading

Modulation

HSDPA Introduction

HSUPA Introduction

HSPA+ Introduction

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CDMA Explanation

frequencytime

power

FDMA

frequencytime

power

TDMA

power

time

CDMA

frequency

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WCDMA RAN Architecture

RNS

RNC

RNS

RNC

Core Network

Node B Node B Node B Node B

Iu Iu

Iur

Iub IubIub Iub

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Air Interface Protocol Structure

Radio Resource Control (RRC)

Medium Access Control (MAC)

Transport channels

Physical layer

Con

trol /

Mea

sure

men

ts Layer 3

Logical channels Layer 2

Layer 1

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Uu Air Interface Protocol

L3

cont

rol

cont

rol

cont

rol

LogicalChannels

TransportChannels

C-plane signaling U-plane information

PHY

L2/MAC

L1

RLC

DCNtGC

L2/RLC

MAC

RLCRLCRLCRLC

RLCRLCRLC

Duplication avoidance

UuS boundary

BMC L2/BMC

control

PDCPPDCP L2/PDCP

DCNtGC

RadioBearers

RRCco

ntro

l

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Data Processing at Physical Layer

Data from MAC Layer( TB)

Channel coding and

multiplexing

Spreading and modulation

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Implementation of Physical Layer

MAC Layer ( Layer

2 )Physical channel

Spreading and Modulation

Transport channel

Physical channel structurePhysical channel structure

OVSF, scrambling,OVSF, scrambling,modulationmodulation

Coding & multiplexingCoding & multiplexingMapping to physical layerMapping to physical layer

De-multiplexing & decodingDe-multiplexing & decodingMapping to MAC layerMapping to MAC layer

De-spreading &demodulationDe-spreading &demodulation

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WCDMA Communication Model

Source decoding

Source coding

Interleaving

deinterleaving

Scrambling spreading

Despreading

Modulation

Demodulation

Transmitting

Receiving

Radio channel

Descrambling Deinterleaving &channel decoding

Channel coding & interleaving

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Sketch of WCDMA Physical Links

Convolutioncoding

p(t)PA

MU

X

demodulation

Interleaving

*j

p(t)

Pilot DPCCH

DPDCH

tcos

......

tsin

I+jQ

TPC command

scrambS

Delay1slot

Ic

Qc

1010

TFCITPC

CRC Tailbit

Information

matchfilter

RAKEcombining

Viterbidecoding

Frameerror

detectionLPF

targetFER

decision

SIRmeasurement

decision

TPCcommand

targetSIR

delay

inner looppower control

Outer looppower control

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Mapping between Transport Channel and Physical Channel

Transport Channels

DCH

RACH

CPCH

BCH

FACH

PCH

DSCH

Physical Channels

Dedicated Physical Data Channel (DPDCH)

Dedicated Physical Control Channel (DPCCH)

Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)

Physical Common Packet Channel (PCPCH)

Common Pilot Channel (CPICH)

Primary Common Control Physical Channel (P-CCPCH)

Secondary Common Control Physical Channel (S-CCPCH)

Synchronisation Channel (SCH)

Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)

Acquisition Indicator Channel (AICH)

Access Preamble Acquisition Indicator Channel (AP-AICH)

Paging Indicator Channel (PICH)

CPCH Status Indicator Channel (CSICH)

Collision-Detection/Channel-Assignment Indicator

Channel (CD/CA-ICH)

Channel-Assignment Indication Channel (CA-ICH

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Content General Introduction of WCDMA

WCDMA Key Techs Physical layer

Coding and Multiplexing

Spreading

Modulation

HSDPA Introduction

HSUPA Introduction

HSPA+ Introduction

MBMS Introduction

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Sketch of Coding and Multiplexing

Objective : Data stream from MAC and higher layers (TB/TBS) is encoded and multiplexed to offer transport services over the radio transmission link.

Data stream from MAC

Coding and multiplexing, mapping transport channel to

physical channel

Data stream at physical channel

Content: channel coding scheme is a combination of error detection, error correcting,rate matching,interleaving and transport channels mapping onto/splitting from physical channel

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Steps of Coding and Multiplexing

CRC addition Transport block concatenation and c

ode block segmentation Forward error coding DTX insertion Interleaving Radio frame segmentation Multiplexing of transport channel(TrC

H) Physical channel segmentation Mapping to physical channels

Steps

of coding

and multip-

lexing

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Coding for Downlink 12.2kb/s AMR Speech

TrCh#1 Transport block

CRC attachment

CRC

Tail bit attachment

Convolutional coding R=1/3, 1/2

Rate matching

81

81

303

Tail 8 93

303+NRM1 1st interleaving

12

Radio frame segmentation

#1a

To TrCh Multiplexing

303 +NRM1

NRF1 = (303 +NRM1)/2

NRF2 = (333+ NRM2)/2

NRF3 = (136+ NRM3)/2

#1b

TrCh#2

103

103

333

Tail 8 103

333 +NRM2

#2a

TrCh#3

60

60

136

Tail 8 60

136 +NRM3

#3a

136 +NRM3

#3b

333 +NRM2

#2b NRF1 NRF1 NRF2 NRF2 NRF3 NRF3

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Content General Introduction of WCDMA

WCDMA Key Techs Physical layer

Coding and Multiplexing

Spreading

Modulation

HSDPA Introduction

HSUPA Introduction

HSPA+ Introduction

MBMS Introduction

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Spreading Technology

Spreading consists of 2 operations : Channelization operation , which transforms data symbols int

o chips. Thus increasing the bandwidth of the signal,.The number of chips per data symbol is called the Spreading Factor ( SF ) .The operation is done by multiplying with OVSF code.

Scrambling operation , which is done for spreadin signal .

Data bit

OVSF code

Scrambling code

Chips after spreading

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Spreading code: OVSF ( Walsh ) OVSF: Orthogonal Variable Spreading Factor, generated by

Walsh matrix

SF = 1 SF = 2 SF = 4

Cch,1,0 = (1)

Cch,2,0 = (1,1)

Cch,2,1 = (1,-1)

Cch,4,0 =(1,1,1,1)

Cch,4,1 = (1,1,-1,-1)

Cch,4,2 = (1,-1,1,-1)

Cch,4,3 = (1,-1,-1,1)

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Purpose of OVSF

Downlink SF of typical service

Typical service Data rate Downlink SF

AMR 12.2, kbps 128

VP 64kbps 32

144kbps 144kbps 16

384kbps 384kbps 8

HSDPA 14.4mbps for one cell 16

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UL DPCCH/DPDCH Spreading

I

j

cd,1

d

Slong,n or Sshort,n

I+jQ

DPDCH1

Q

cd,3

d

DPDCH3

cd,5

d

DPDCH5

cd,2

d

DPDCH2

cd,4

d

DPDCH4

cd,6

d

DPDCH6

cc

c

DPCCH

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PRACH Spreading

message part is shown in the following figure , the value of gain factors is the the same with DPDCH/DPCCH

j c cc

cd

d

Sr-msg,n

I+jQ

PRACH message control part

PRACH message data part

Q

I

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PCPCH Spreading

message part is shown in the following figure , the value of gain factors is the also the same with DPDCH/DPCCH

j c cc

cd

d

Sc-msg,n

I+jQ

PCPCH message control part

PCPCH message data part

Q

I

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Downlink Spreading

I

Data of physical channel except SCH

SP

Cch,SF,m

j

Sdl,n

Q

I+jQ S

• Downlink physical channel except SCH is first serial-to-parallel converted , spread by the spreading code, and then scrambled by a complex-valued scrambling code.

• The beginning chip of the scrambling code is aligned with the frame boundary of P-CCPCH.

• Each channel have different gain factor

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Downlink Spreading

Different physical channel come from point S

G1

G2

GP

GS

S-SCH

P-SCH

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Scrambling code: GOLD sequence

For uplink, scrambling code is used to separate different connection

Uplink: 224 long scrambles and 224 short scrambles

For downlink, scrambling code is used to separate different cell

Downlink: 262143 (2 18 - 1) scrambles, but only 8192 scrambles( from 0 to 8191) are adopted at present

The length of scrambling code is 38400 chips

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DL scramble

Set 0

Set 1…

Set 511

PSC 0

SSC 1

SSC 15

PSC511×16

SSC511×16 + 1

SSC511×16 + 15

8192 scrambles 512 sets

1 PSC and 15 SSCs in each set

Only primary scrambles are adopted at present

PSC and SSC

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Downlink Scrambling code

218-1 =262143 scrambling codes totally , only 0…8191 scrambling codes are used

I

Q

1

1 0

02

2

3

3

4

4

5

5

6

6

7

7

8

8

9

9

17

17

16

16

15

15

14

14

13

13

12

12

11

11

10

10

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Uplink Long Scrambling code

224 long scrambling code totally The scrambling code sequence number n can set the initial phase of the firs

t shift register ,thus decide the scrambling code sequence.

clong,1,n

clong,2,n

MSB LSB

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Content General Introduction of WCDMA

WCDMA Key Techs Physical layer

Coding and Multiplexing

Spreading

Modulation

HSDPA Introduction

HSUPA Introduction

HSPA+ Introduction

MBMS Introduction

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WCDMA Modulation

Functions of modulation

Different modulation methods corresponding to different transmitting abilities in air interface

− R99/R4: adopt QPSK , DL max data rate is 2.7Mbps

− HSDPA: adopt 16QAM , DL max data rate is 14.4Mbps

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Uplink Modulation

调制的码片数率为 3.84Mbps

S

Im{S}

Re{S}

cos(t)

Complex-valued sequence after spreading

-sin(t)

Split real & imag parts

Pulse shaping

Pulse shaping

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Downlink Modulation

The chip rate is 3.84Mbps

S

Im{S}

Re{S}

cos(t)

Complex-valued sequence after spreading

-sin(t)

Split real & imag parts

Pulse shaping

Pulse shaping

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RAKE Receiver

Front receiver

1st path

2nd path

3rd path

delay evaluator Compute time-

delay and phase deflexion

Signal composer Composed signal

tt

s(t) s(t)

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WCDMA Fast Power Control

The rate of power control can be up to1500 times per second, which is faster than that of fading, thus, it can overcome shadow fading and fast fading effectively

Decrease interference of system, and increase system capacity and quality

Save power, and expand conversational time

Without power control With power control

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WCDMA Handover - Hard Handover

Features

Disconnect the link of source cell first, and then establish a new link with target cell

“GAP” of communication

Non-CDMA system can only perform hard handover

UE moveTarget BSSource BS

time

Data UE received/

sent“GAP” of communication

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WCDMA Handover - Soft handover

Features

Peculiar in CDMA system, only happens among cells with the same frequency

Establish a radio link with target cell first, and then disconnect that with source cell, thus, it can avoid communication gap

Soft handover occupies more system resource than hard handover

If two cells which are performing soft handover belong to the same NodeB, maximum ratio combining can be performed in uplink, it is called softer handover

UE moveTarget BSSource BS

time

Data UE received/

sentN o “GAP” of communication

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WCDMA Transmit and Receive Technology

Diversity technology - overcome signal fading

Space diversity: the horizontal distance of two diversity antennas is greater than 10 wavelength

Polarization diversity: the polarization direction of two receiving antennas is orthogonal

Transmitting diversity: provide diversities for terminals

Receiving diversity: RAKE receiver

b0 b1 b2 b3

b0 b1 b2 b3

-b2 b3 b0 -b1

Antenna 1

Antenna 2Channel bits

STTD encoded channel bitsfor antenna 1 and antenna 2.

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Content

General Introduction of WCDMA

WCDMA Key Techs

HSDPA Introduction

HSUPA Introduction

HSPA+ Introduction

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HSDAP Improve Downlink Data Rate GreatlyCompare between GPRS, CDMA2000 and WCDMA

0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

GPRS EDGE CDMA2K 1x 1x EV- DO R99/ R4 HSDPA0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

120%

Peak Data Rate(Kbps)Average Rate(Kbps)Frenquency Cost per Bi tEqui pment Cost per Bi t

HSDPA helps WCDMA operators consolidate advantage in the competition

Kbps

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HSDPA Key Techniques - Overview

AMC

Fast SchedulingHARQ ( Hybrid ARQ )

16QAMSF16, 2ms and CDM/TDM

MAC-hs3 New Physical Channels

HSDPA Peak Rate= (3.84/16)*4*15=14.4Mbps

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HSDPA Key Techniques – New Architecture

High Speed Physical Downlink Shared ChannelHigh Speed Physical Downlink Shared Channel• Data Share Channel: Peak Rate 14.4Mbit/s• QPSK and 16 QAM• SF=16 High Speed Shared Control ChannelHigh Speed Shared Control Channel• SF=128• Convey some control information

High Speed Dedicated Physical Control ChannelHigh Speed Dedicated Physical Control Channel• SF=256• Convey ACK/NACK and CQI information

DownLinkDownLink

UpLinkUpLink

•MAC-hs layer on NodeB for fast scheduling

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HSDPA Architecture-Protocol Stacks

R99/R4

PHY

MAC

RLC

PHY L1

L2

DSCHFP

L1

L2

DSCHFP

MAC-c/sh

L1

L2

DSCHFP

L1

L2

DSCHFP

MAC-d

RLC

Uu Iub Iur

UE Node-B CRNC SRNC

R5 HSDPA

MAC-hs

HS-DSCH

FP

HS-DSCH

FP

HS-DSCH

FP

HS-DSCH

FP

PHY(3 new CHs)

Additional MAC-hs layer on Node-B (H-ARQ, AMC and Scheduling etc)

Uu: New additional 3 Physical layer Channels, i.e.,HS-PDSCH (Downlink Data), HS-SCCH (Downlink Control Signalling), HS-DPCCH (Uplink Control Signalling)

Iub, Iur: HS-DSCH FP (Downlink Data)

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HSDPA Key Techniques - AMC

AMC (Adaptive Modulation & Coding) based on Channel Quality Feedback

Adjust data rate to compensate channel conditions− Good channel condition – Higher rate− Bad channel condition – Lower rate

Adjust the modulation scheme to compensate channel conditions

− Good channel condition –16QAM− Bad channel condition – QPSK

Channel Quality Indicator (CQI) UE measures the channel quality (SNR) reports (every 2ms or more cycle) to NodeB NodeB choose modulation and block size, data rate primarily based on CQI

High data rate

Low data rate

AMC may improve air interface bandwidth, and fit for high speed radio transmission.

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HSDPA Key Techniques - HARQ

Conventional ARQ–Received Transmitted blocks are decoded–Checked for CRC errors on decoded blocks–If errors

•discard the error bolcks•Request the trasmitter for retransmission

Hybrid ARQ–Received Transmitted blocks are decoded–Checked for CRC errors on decoded blocks–If errors

•Store the erroneous block without discarding•Request the trasmitter for retransmission•Combine the received re-trasmission with previously received trasnmisison

HARQ with Soft Combining

Node-B

UE Packet 1? N

Packet 1 Packet 1

Packet 1

Packet 1?+

A

Packet 2

Transmitter

Receiver

HARQ may decrease the time of re-transmission, improve the cell throughput.

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HSDPA Key Techniques - Fast scheduling

Scheduler based on

CDM, TDM

Channel condition

Amount of data waiting in the queue (delay)

Fairness (satisfied users)

Scheduling Algorithms

RR (Round Robin)

MAXC/I (Maximum C/I)

PF (Proportional Fair)

Who is the next lucky Data?

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HSDPA Key Techniques – CDM and TDM

Channelization codes allocatedfor HS-DSCH transmission

8 codes (example)SF=16

SF=8

SF=4

SF=2

SF=1

TTI

User #1 User #2 User #3 User #4

Shared channelization

codes

10 ms20 ms40 ms80 ms

Earlier releases

2 msRel 5 (HS-PDSCH, HS-SCCH, HS-DPCCH)

“sub-frames” (2560 chips/slot, 3Slots)

SF16

2ms

CDM/TDM

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HSDPA Key Techniques – 16QAM

HSDPA Modulation

QPSK

16QAM

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HSDPA Architecture-HSDPA Basic Flow

Node B RNCUE

5) ACK/NACK on HS-DPCCH

6)Data packet+retransmit(if need) On HS-DSCH

Data Packet

2) Schedule and determine HS-DSCH parameter

3) Send HS-DSCH Parameter on HS-SCCH and Data on HS-DSCH

4) Check HS-DSCH parameter, If Ok, Receive, Store data and demodulate

1) CQI on HS-DPCCH

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UE HSDPA Capability

HS-DSCH Category

Max number of HS-PDSCH codes (SF16) received

Minimum inter TTI interval

Modulation Max peak rate

Category 1 5 3 QPSK & 16-QAM 1.2Mbps

Category 2 5 3 QPSK & 16-QAM 1.2Mbps

Category 3 5 2 QPSK & 16-QAM 1.8Mbps

Category 4 5 2 QPSK & 16-QAM 1.8Mbps

Category 5 5 1 QPSK & 16-QAM 3.6Mbps

Category 6 5 1 QPSK & 16-QAM 3.6Mbps

Category 7 10 1 QPSK & 16-QAM 7.3Mbps

Category 8 10 1 QPSK & 16-QAM 7.3Mbps

Category 9 15 1 QPSK & 16-QAM 10.2Mbps

Category 10 15 1 QPSK & 16-QAM 14.4Mbps

Category 11 5 2 QPSK 900Kbps

Category 12 5 1 QPSK 1.8Mbps

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HSDPA power allocation proposal

HSDPA initial network

One carrier ---- R4+HSDPA : HS - SCCH fixed power allocation

HS-PDSCH dynamic power allocation

HSDPA middle and final network

Two carrier ---- R4+HSDPA : DPCH/HSDPA/CCH dynamic power

allocation

DPCHs high priority

Keep a margin for system stability

Flexible scheme

Power for CCH

Time

Power for DPCH

Power for HSDPA

Total Power

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SF=256                         SF=128 ┏━●C(256,0): PCPICH                        ┏ 0 ┫                      SF=64 ┃    ┗━● C(256,1): PCCPCH                    ┏ 0 ┫                    ┃   ┃   ┏━● C(256,2): AICH                    ┃   ┗ 1 ┫                  SF=32 ┃        ┗━● C(256,3): PICH                ┏ 0 ┫              SF=16 ┃    ┗ ● C(64,1):SCCPCH 1            ┏ 0 ┫            ┃   ┃              ┃   ┃   ┏ ● C(64,2):SCCPCH 2            ┃   ┃  ┃               ┃   ┗ 1 ┫          SF=8  ┃       ┃ ┏━● C(128,6):HS-SCCH 1         ┏ 0 ┫ ┗ 3 ┫      SF=4  ┃   ┗━○ 1 ┃    ┏ 0 ┫ ┗━●C(128,7):HS-SCCH 2     ┃   ┗ ○ 1 ┃    ┗━○ 1    ┏━○ 2 ┃ ┏ ○6 ●CCH    ┃ ┃ SF=16 ●HSDPA ┃ ┃ ┏ ●C(16,14):HS-PDSCH 2 ○DCH ┗━ 3 ┫ ┃ ┗ 7 ┫ ┗ ●C(16,15):HS-PDSCH 1

HSDPA code allocation proposal

HSDPA initial network : Static code allocation and

manual re-allocation on OM

Follow a terminal capability

HSDPA middle and final network:

Completely dynamic code

allocation

DPCHCCH

SF=16SF=8

SF=4

HSDPA

Code reservation example

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HSDPA scheduling strategyHSDPA initial network , proposal :

Round Robin scheduling Try to satisfy each subscriber’s QOS based on the fairness principle. Be fit for the scenario without the consideration of subscriber’s priority

HSDPA network on one carrier or the charging based on volume, proposal :

Max C/I scheduling Aim at the obtaining the maximal throughput and

some fairness. The operator with difference service on HSDPA network ,proposal:

Proportional fair (PF ) scheduling The PF scheme offers a good trade-off between RR and maximum C/I. The PF schedules users according to the ratio between their CQI, data rate and other.

RR principle

MAX C/I scheduling principle

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Content

General Introduction of WCDMA

WCDMA Key Techs

HSDPA Introduction

HSUPA Introduction

HSPA+ Introduction

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HSUPA Key Techniques - Overview

Fast Scheduling

HARQ ( Hybrid ARQ )New Channels

Increase of data rate Decrease of delay

E-DPDCHE-DPCCH

E-AGCHE-RGCH

E-HICH

Uplink

Downlink

E-DPDCHE-DPDCHE-DPDCHE-DPDCH

E-DPCCHMulti Code

MAC-D

MAC-esMAC-e

PHY

RNC

NodeB

2ms

2ms 2ms2ms 2ms

New MAC entity

Shorter TTI 2ms

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Increase of data rate

New channels

HSUPA Peak Data Rate: 5.76M

E-DPDCHE-DPCCH

E-AGCHE-RGCH

E-HICH

Uplink

Downlink

E-DPDCHE-DPDCHE-DPDCHE-DPDCH

E-DPCCH

Multi Code

New Channels•Dedicated Channel: E-DCH•Common Channel: E-AGCH, E-RGCH, E-HICH

Multi Code•2SF4, 2SF2, 2SF2+2SF4

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Decrease of delay

Fast Scheduling HARQ ( Hybrid ARQ )

20%~50% Delay decrease

New MAC entity•MAC-e in NodeB, MAC-es in RNC

Fast Scheduling HARQ Short TTI 2ms

MAC-D

MAC-esMAC-e

PHY

RNC

NodeB

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Fast Scheduling

Iub

RNC

2ms

2ms

2ms

……

NodeBMAC-e

inside

MAC-e Entity: Allocate and schedule

radio resources Process UE resources

request MAC-e PDU De-Multiplex HARQ

R99 load in uplink

load

time

50%

HSUPA load

load

time

50%

100% 100%

75% Improving load +25%

Interference

Capacity

MAC-e in NodeBFast

Schedule 10ms TTI --> 2ms TTI

Scheduling Algorithm

Decrease the air interface interference Decrease system load jitter, improve UL cap

acity Decrease the roundtrip time between RAN a

nd UE

Benefit:

Capacity increased

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New Channel Type and Multi-code

New channels

HSUPA peak rate: 3.84M * (2*SF2+2*SF4) = 3.84M*1.5 = 5.76Mbps

E-DPDCHE-DPCCH

E-AGCHE-RGCH

E-HICH

Uplink

Downlink

E-DPDCHE-DPDCHE-DPDCHE-DPDCH

E-DPCCHMulti Code: 2*SF4, 2*SF2,

2*SF2+2*SF4

New channel:Uplink:

•E-DPDCH: Dedicated channel , transfer user data•E-DPCCH: Dedicated channel, transfer physical layer controlling information

Downlink: •E-AGCH: Common channel, transfer information of Absolute granted power•E-RGCH: Dedicated channel, transfer information of Relative granted power •E-HICH: Dedicated channel, transfer ACK/NACK information

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HARQ ( Hybrid Automatic Repeat & ReQuest )Traditional ARQ:– Decode the received transfer-block– Check CRC of the block after decode– If error:

• Discard the error block• Request re-transfer

Hybrid ARQ:–Decode the received transfer-block–Check the CRC of the block after decode–If error:

• Save the error block (no discard )• Request for re-transfer• Soft-combine the new block and old one

Hu-w-i

H-a-eiHuawei

HARQ: More useful information , Higher efficiency

Case:

Soft combining

Block1UE

Transmitter

NodeBReceiver

Block1’ NACK

Block1

Block1’

Block1’+

ACK

Block2

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End to end delay comparison

Round trip time of 32-Byte packet

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

R99(DL 20ms TTI

+ UL 20ms TTI)

HSDPA+UL R99(DL 2ms TTI

+ UL 20ms TTI)

HSDPA+HSUPA(DL 2ms TTI

+ UL 2ms TTI)

I nternet I u Core+ RNC I UB NodeB AI UE

~150 ms

~100 ms

~80 ms

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Performance Simulation

Cell throughput increase 40~70%

02 0 04 0 06 0 08 0 0

1 0 0 01 2 0 01 4 0 01 6 0 0

0 2 4 6 8 1 0d B

kbps

DCH

2 msT T I1 0 msT T I

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

0 0. 2 0. 4 0. 6 0. 8 1 1. 2 1. 4di stance(km)

UL T

hrou

ghpu

t(kb

ps)

DCHE- DCHE- DCH(2ms)

Equivalent Coverage performance

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Content

General Introduction of WCDMA

WCDMA Key Techs

HSDPA Introduction

HSUPA Introduction

HSPA+ Introduction

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HSPA+, the enhancement of HSPA

Peak data rate comparision

14. 45. 76

42

11

01020304050

DL UL

Mbps

HSPAHSPA+

VoIP capacity improvement

6898

190

050

100150200

R99 CS HSPA HSPA+

HSPA+ can improve DL peak date rate up to 42M, compared with HSDPA 14.4M HSPA+ can improve UL peak date rate up to 11M, compared with HSUPA 5.76M HSPA+ can support up to approximately 190 VoIP over HSPA users HSPA+ can reduce E2E latency and user state transition, compared with HSPA HSPA+ can provide “Always on line” user experience

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HSPA+, the nature evolution way of HSPA

3GPP R5

HSDPA14.4M16QAMHARQFast schedulingHS-PDSCH2ms TTIMAC-hs

3GPP R6

HSUPA5.76MQPSKHARQFast schedulingE-DPCCH2ms TTIMAC-e/es

3GPP R7

HSPA+DL: 21M, 64QAM

DL: 28M, MIMOUL: 11M, 16QAM

CPCEnhanced

CELL_FACHEnhanced Layer2

3GPP R8

HSPA+

DL: 42M, 64QAM+MIMO

UL Enhanced CELL_FACH

UL Enhanced Layer2

Both HSPA and HSPA+ are defined in 3GPP HSPA+ backward compatible with HSPA All HSPA terminals can still be used in HSPA+ network

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HSPA+ key technologies for higher data rate

Data stream 1

Data stream 2

Peak data rate: 1.5 times than HSDPA

DL:64QAM

UL:16QAM

Peak data rate: 2 times than HSUPA

Peak data rate: Double

DL: 2*2MIMO

320bit 640bitFixed RLC PDU size

Flexible RLC PDU size

L2 Enhancement

L2 is not a bottleneck any more

HOM (Higher Order Modulation) used in both DL and UL MIMO can be used separately or combined with 64QAM in DL Great benefits in the case of good channel condition

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HSPA+ key technologies for larger capacity

DTCH/DCCH/CCCH/BCCH is mapped onto HS-DSCH instead of FACH channel Increase the available peak rate for UE in CELL_FACH state by using HSDPA

HS_DSCH

HS_SSCHHS_SSCH Less

Operation

First transmission Retransmission

NodeB DRXUE

DTX …… ……

…… ……

CPC (Continuous Packet Connectivity)Pilot TFCI FBI TPC

Pilot TPC

DPCCH

New DPCCH

DTCH

DCCH

CCCH

BCCH

PCCH PCH

FACH

HS-DSCH

Enhanced CELL_FACH

Reduce Uplink interference to improve uplink capacity Reduce downlink transmission power to improve downlink capacity

CELL_FACH Enhanced CELL_FACH

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HSPA+ key technologies for better user experience

Enhanced CELL_FACHReduce the latency of user and control plane in the CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH and URA_PCH state by higher data peak rate

Reduce state transition delay from CELL_FACH, CELL_PCH and URA_PCH state to CELL_DCH state

Reduce call setup delay and HTTP response time

CPC (Continuous Packet Connectivity)DTX_DRX save power consumption of terminal so that more users can stay in CELL_DCH state and spend less time in reactivation with no need of state transfer.

L2 EnhancementWith flexible RLC PDU size, small size will be configured in poor coverage area in order to be sent successfully.

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Content

General Introduction of WCDMA

WCDMA Key Techs

HSDPA Introduction

HSUPA Introduction

HSPA+ Introduction

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