Organa sensoria

2. Auris 3. Cutis M.Petrova

2. auris, is, f = Gr. -OT- (o)

auris externa - outer ear 1. auricula, ae, f = pinna - auricle, outer portion of ear

a. helix, icis, f - gr. spiral, volute; the prominent rim of the auricle

b. antihelix - the inner curved rim c. scapha, ae, f - gr. light boat, skiff; the curved

depression separating the helix and antihelix d. concha auriculae - concha gr. mussel , large sea-

shell; the large hollow, or floor of the auricle, e. tragus, i, m - gr. he-goat; so called for the tuft of

hair which grows there, which resembles a goat's beard.- projection anterior to the external opening of the ear

f. antitragus - projection opposite the tragus g. lobulus auriculae - the lowest fleshy part of the

auricle 2. meatus acusticus externus - the passage/ear canal

from the auricle to the tympanic membrane 3. tympanum, i, m = -TYMPAN- (o)

auris media - middle ear 1. membrana tympani = tympanica - tympanic

membrane 2. cavitas (cavum) tympani - tympanic cavity 3. tuba auditiva (Eustachii) dextra / sinistra -

auditory tube (*Eustachian tube - after the name of the Italian anatomist Bartolomeo Eustachio 1514 – 1574)

4. ossicula auditus (auditoria) - auditory ossicles

a. malleus, i, m - hammer-shaped bone, or club * named so by the Ital. anatomist Achillini (1463-1512), as it appears to strike the tympanic membrane like a hammer

b. incus, udis, f - anvil-shaped bone; * term, introduced by Andreas Vesalius to describe the bone which is struck by the hammer

c. stapes, edis, m - stirrup-shaped bone; *so called because the bone is shaped like a stirrup (loop shaped device attached to each side of the saddle to support the rider’s foot)– this was an invented Modern Latin word for "stirrup", for which there was no classical Latin word, as the ancients did not use stirrups

auris media = gr. -TYMPAN- (o) * used for the whole middle ear, and also a term-element precisely for the eardrum tympanum

1. membrana tympani = tympanica - tympanic membrane

2. cavitas (cavum) tympani - tympanic cavity

3. tuba auditiva (Eustachii) dextra / sinistra

4. ossicula auditus (auditoria) - auditory ossicles

a. malleus, i, m b. incus, udis, f c. stapes, edis, m

1. -MYRING- (o) *myring-o-tomia - Surgical puncture/incision of the tympanic membrane, as for the removal of fluid or the drainage of pus.

2. -TYMPAN- (o) *tympan-o-plastica - surgical repair/reconstruction of tympanic cavity=middle ear

3. -SALPING- (o), ...SALPINX = OTOSALPING- / -OTOSALPINX

4. - a. MALLE- (o) b. INCUD- (o) c. STAPED- (o)

● staped-o-plastica - surgical reconstruction of stapes - the stirrup bone

● staped-ectomia - surgical removal of stirrup bone

auris interna - inner ear = -LABYRINTH- (o)

1. labyrinthus osseus - bony labyrinth

a. vestibulum - lat. literally an entrance hall - the central

area of the bony labyrinth

b. canales semicirculares - 3 semicircular canals/

ducts (lateralis/anterior/posterior)

c. cochlea - *gr. κοχλίας (kokhlias), meaning 'spiral,

snail shell- spiral shell-shaped organ responsible for

the sense of hearing

2. labyrinthus membranaceus - membranous labyrinth

- a collection of fluid filled tubes and chambers, lodged

within the bony labyrinth

a. labyrinthus vestibularis - vestibular labyrinth

i. sacculus - lat. small bag; the smaller of the

two membranous sacs in the vestibule of the

labyrinth

ii. utriculus -*lat. small sac, pouch; the larger of

the two membranous sacs in the vestibule of

the labyrinth

b. labyrinthus cochlearis - cochlear labyrinth

i. ductus cochlearis - cochlear duct

ii. organum spirale (Cortii)- organ of Corti -

the organ lying against the basilar membrane

in the cochlear duct, containing special

sensory receptors for hearing

Otology - terms denoting ear и hearing ● Lat. auris, is, f = gr. OT- (o)

● Lat. auditus, us, m = gr. ACUS- / -ACUSIS / ACUSTIC- (adjectives) ● otorhinolaryngologia - the combined specialties of diseases of the ear, nose,

pharynx, and larynx

● ot-algia - pain in the ear; earache

● ot-o-scopia - instrumental examination of the ear canal using otoscope

● ot-o-rrhoea - a discharge/secretion from the ear

● ot-o-rrhagia - bleeding from the ear

● ot-o-sclerosis - abnormal bone growth inside the ear. It's a fairly common cause

of hearing deficiency (hyp-acusis) or total loss of hearing

● audi-o-metria - testing of hearing by means of an audiometer.

● an-acusis = lat. surditas, f- absence of the ability to perceive sound; deafness

● presby-acusis - loss of hearing associated with aging

● par-acusis - disturbance or impairment of hearing; paracusis of Willis - the ability to

hear better in noise

Оtology. Some pathological conditions ● Otitis externa - inflammatory disease of the outer ear portion; swimmer’s ear

● cerumen, minis, n - ear wax

● Otitis media acuta: serosa / suppurativa - acute inflammation of the middle ear: serous (causing

accumulation of exudate) / suppurative (with discharge of pus)

● Myringitis acuta - Acute inflammation of tympanic membrane

● Otitis interna = Labyrinthitis - inflammation of the inner ear that is often a complication of otitis media

● Tinnitus aurium - a roaring, buzzing or ringing sound in the ears without an external cause

● Nausea, ae, f - gr. nausia, seasickness, naus, ship; an inclination to vomit

● Vertigo otogenes - sensation of rotation, dizziness; Otogenic (labyrinthine) vertigo-when the ear fails to keep us

in equilibrium

● Morbus Meniere - Ménière's disease is a condition characterized by recurrent vertigo (dizziness), hearing loss,

and tinnitus; named for the French physician Prosper Ménière, who first described the illness in 1861. It is an

abnormality within the inner ear.

● Otosclerosis fenestrae ovalis - otosclerosis of the oval window* (the oval opening in the middle

ear)

● * When the diagnosis phrase has to express a location of particular, more specific anatomic structure you need to use Anatomical Latin in Genitivus

3. Cutis

cutis, is, f = -DERM-/ DERMAT- (o) 1. epidermis, is, f - outermost layers of the skin

a. stratum corneum - Lat. for 'horny layer' the outermost layer of the epidermis.

b. stratum lucidum - Lat. for "clear layer"- a thin, clear layer of dead skin cells named for its translucent appearance under a microscope

c. stratum granulosum -granular layer

d. stratum spinosum - spinous layer/prickle cell

layer

e. stratum basale - basal layer,also called stratum germinativum

2. dermis - the layer of skin beneath the epidermis

a. stratum papillare - papillary region

b. stratum reticulare - reticular region

c. terminationes nervi - mechanoreceptors (nerve

endings)

3. glandulae sudoriferae - sweat glands * sudor, oris, m -

sweat

4. glandulae sebaceae - sebaceous gland *sebum - grease;

adeps, ipis, mf - fat, lard

5. glandulae mucosae - mucous glands

6. unguis, is, m - nail 7. pilus, i, m - hair

Derrmatologia Basic term-elements 1. epidermis, is, f

a. stratum corneum 2. dermis, is, f 3. sudor, oris, m

4. glandulae sudoriferae 5. sebum/ adeps, ipis, mf

6. glandulae sebaceae 7. mucus, i, m 8. glandulae mucosae 9. unguis, is, m 10. pilus, i, m

1. - a. -KERAT- (o)

2. - 3. -HIDR- (o) sweat *HYDR - water! 4. -HIDR-ADEN- (o) 5. -LIP- (o) / -STEAT- 6. - 7. -MYX- (o) / -BLENN- (o) 8. -MYX-ADEN- (o) 9. -ONYCH- (o) 10. -TRICH- (o) / -TRICHIA

Dermatologia- example terms ● еpiderm-o-phytia (*-phytia - used sometimes as = -mycosis - fungal infection)

● dermat-o-mycosis - fungal infection of the skin

● hyper-kerat-osis - hypertrophy of the horny layer of the skin

● dys-kerat-osis - abnormal keratinization occurring prematurely

● lip-oma - a benign fatty tumor usually composed of mature fat cells

● seb-o-rrhoea - excessive secretion of sebum or an alteration in its quality, resulting in an oily

coating, crusts, or scales on the skin

● steat-o-rrhoea - 1. overaction of the sebaceous glands 2. excessive discharge of fat in the

feces.

● hyper-hidr-osis - abnormally excessive sweating

● hidr-aden-itis - inflammatory disease of sweat glands

● myx-aden-itis - inflammatory disease of mucous glands

● onych-o-mycosis - fungal infection of the fingernails or toenails

● hyper-trich-osis = polytrichia - a condition of excessive hairiness either all over the body or

covering a particular part.

Terms - some cutaneous lesions = dermatoses * macula - lat. spot; flat skin spot *papula - papule; elevated lesion with no visible fluid * nodulus

- forms of papules, but are larger and deeper* squama - scale; *crusta - crust, scab *ephelides -

freckles *lentigines - small, flat, pigmented spot on the skin *fissura - linear cleavages or gaps in

the skin surface *fistula - abnormal opening between one hollow organ and another or between a

hollow organ and the surface of the skin,

* vesicula - skin blister containing clear fluid * bulla - bigger skin blister containing fluid * pustula

- skin blister containing pus *abscessus - a localized collection of pus in a cavity formed by

disintegration or necrosis of tissue

*cicatrix - scar *keloidum - scar tissue caused by excessive tissue repair in response to trauma or

surgical incision.* urtica - lat. nettle plant - pink or white raised areas of skin resembling nettle

rash, known as wheals *lichen - various skin diseases characterized by patchy eruptions of small,

firm papules.

*erythema - skin redness *pruritus - itching

Common skin diseases ● dermatophytosis = dermatomycosis = a fungal infection of the skin, especially athlete's foot

● Acne - inflamm. disease of the sebaceous glands and hair follicles of the skin that is marked by the

eruption of pimples or pustules, especially on the face.

● Alopecia - gr. literally meaning: “loss of fur” because foxes are less furry when afflicted with a skin

disease (the "mange"); Complete or partial loss of hair from the head or other parts of the body.

● Dermatitis seborrhoica - Seborrheic dermatitis; chronic skin disease associated with seborrhea and

greasy scales on the scalp or other parts of the skin

● Dermatitis atopica - Atopic dermatitis (AD), also known as atopic eczema, a long-term type of

inflammation of the skin resulting in itchy, red, swollen, and cracked skin

● Verruca vulgaris - common warts, which are caused by infection with human papillomavirus

● Psoriasis - long-lasting autoimmune disease characterized by patches of abnormal skin

● Vitiligo - long-term skin condition characterized by patches of the skin losing their pigment

● Herpes simplex - viral infection caused by the herpes simplex virus. Infections are categorized based

on the part of the body infected. Oral herpes involves the face or mouth. It may result in small blisters

in groups often called cold sores or fever blisters